采購(gòu)與供應(yīng)基礎(chǔ)文憑

1、 采購(gòu)與供應(yīng)基礎(chǔ)文憑Foundation Diploma in Purchasing and Supply采購(gòu)與供應(yīng)關(guān)系管理Managing Purchasing and Supply Relationships四級(jí) L4-04LEVEL 4 L4-04日期：2007年5月24日，星期四DATE: Thursday 24th May 2007時(shí)間： 下午14:00 17:00TIME：14:00 PM 17:00 PM時(shí)長(zhǎng)：三小時(shí)DURATION: 3 hours考生注意事項(xiàng)：Instructions for Candidates：本試卷由兩部分組成。This examination is i

2、n TWO sections.A部分共2題，每道題25分，共50分。Sections A has TWO compulsory questions, worth 25 marks each.B部分包括四道問題；任選兩道作答。每道題25分。Section B has FOUR questions; answer TWO. Each question is worth 25 marks.1. 在未得到監(jiān)考官允許之前，請(qǐng)勿翻閱試卷。Do not open this question paper until instructed by the invigilator.2. 請(qǐng)將答案填寫在答題紙上。Al

3、l answers must be written in the answer booklet provided.3. 請(qǐng)將草稿也寫在答題紙背面，交卷前請(qǐng)將草稿部分作一刪除記號(hào)。All rough work and notes should also be written in the answer booklet.A部分（SECTION A）請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀并分析以下案例，然后回答問題1和問題2。You are strongly advised to carefully read and analyse the information in the case study before attemp

4、ting to answer questions 1 and 2.案例：TONE TINT有限公司TONE TINT有限公司（簡(jiǎn)稱TT公司）是一家卓著的油漆、溶劑、化工產(chǎn)品和油漆裝修行業(yè)類產(chǎn)品的制造商和供應(yīng)商。TT公司的產(chǎn)品在專業(yè)裝飾領(lǐng)域頗受青睞，公司擁有相當(dāng)大的市場(chǎng)份額。公司以前并沒有考慮直接面對(duì)消費(fèi)者，但是來自主要的零售商HW家居公司的詢問促使TT公司對(duì)HW的顧客進(jìn)行了系列樣品測(cè)試供應(yīng)。測(cè)試顯示TT公司的產(chǎn)品比競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的產(chǎn)品更加得到顧客的歡迎，因而討論的問題變成了如何能使TT公司成為HM家居固定供應(yīng)商。設(shè)想的前景為TT公司批量運(yùn)送產(chǎn)品到零售商HM家居公司的配送中心，由HM公司貼牌銷售。TT公

5、司管理層對(duì)這個(gè)建議很感興趣，這樣做能使公司增加生產(chǎn)和銷售，而無需額外的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷投入，也不用操心建立配送系統(tǒng)。如果產(chǎn)品獲得成功，或許能使TT公司的品牌進(jìn)入零售行業(yè)，同時(shí)可能開始用“自己的品牌”和主要的零售商簽約合作。然而這樣的變化可能影響到TT公司長(zhǎng)期保持的供應(yīng)關(guān)系，因?yàn)椴少?gòu)由繁忙的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)理負(fù)責(zé)，所以以前TT公司很少關(guān)注長(zhǎng)期供應(yīng)關(guān)系。包裝TT公司高支出的其中一項(xiàng)是油漆容器。WPP公司長(zhǎng)期以來為TT公司供應(yīng)高質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)的容器。TT公司無人能記起當(dāng)時(shí)如何開始、為什么選擇了WPP公司，很可能是因?yàn)門T公司和WPP公司的前任銷售經(jīng)理之間的關(guān)系。WPP公司供應(yīng)的容器為5升容量、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)的大批量供應(yīng)的白色容器。

6、TT公司在少量自己品牌產(chǎn)品上貼上標(biāo)簽。WPP公司得知TT公司可能在零售行業(yè)的擴(kuò)展，對(duì)TT公司可能的新市場(chǎng)所帶來的業(yè)務(wù)非常動(dòng)心。WPP公司提出，可以根據(jù)TT公司及其零售顧客的需求，“免費(fèi)”提供必要的設(shè)計(jì)和模具變化的投資，以滿足TT公司生產(chǎn)更多產(chǎn)品種類和不同體積容器的需要。物流問題不過，WPP公司距離TT公司有300公里，運(yùn)送大量空塑料容器如同運(yùn)送同樣數(shù)量的空氣。生產(chǎn)小包裝零售產(chǎn)品的最終成本將有很大一部分出現(xiàn)在包裝成本上。距離20公里之外有一家當(dāng)?shù)毓?yīng)商也可以提供同樣質(zhì)量卻更低價(jià)格的容器。不過TT公司從來沒有和這個(gè)供應(yīng)商打過交道。而對(duì)于WPP公司，由于多年來的可靠性和快速反應(yīng)，TT公司對(duì)它有一定的

7、忠誠(chéng)感。經(jīng)過頭腦風(fēng)暴之后，TT管理層得出了下列幾種可能，但對(duì)各種可能還未做可行性或恰當(dāng)性分析。未來供應(yīng)備選方案1. 繼續(xù)現(xiàn)有的和WPP公司的供應(yīng)關(guān)系，洽談一種方案來滿足TT公司所需的供應(yīng)增量和品類增量。2. 投資一個(gè)塑料成型設(shè)備，招募合適的專業(yè)隊(duì)伍，有效整合TT公司的油漆灌裝線和塑料容器生產(chǎn)線，使公司成為容器制造商。3. 對(duì)WPP公司說“謝謝，再見”，盡快與當(dāng)?shù)毓?yīng)商談判使之成為TT公司的供應(yīng)源。4. 和WPP公司建立伙伴合作，讓其設(shè)立一個(gè)油漆灌裝線，TT公司整裝把油漆發(fā)至WPP公司，WPP公司灌裝后發(fā)往零售公司的配送中心。5. 就容器供應(yīng)進(jìn)行全球供應(yīng)源搜尋。本案例純屬虛構(gòu)，如有雷同，純屬巧合

8、。Case:TONE TINT LTDOrganisation BackgroundTone Tint Ltd(TT) is a successful established manufacturer and supplier of paints, solvents, chemicals and similar products to the painting and decorating trade.Its products are very popular with professional decorators, and the company enjoys a big share of

9、 the market. TT has not considered selling to consumers before, but enquires form Home Ware plc(HW), a major retail organization, led to a supply of samples and the testing of the TT range among the stores customers. The outcome of the trial was that users preferred TTs paints to the competing produ

10、cts, and discussions have now moved to the possibility of TT becoming a regular supplier to HW. It is envisaged that products will be shipped in large quantities to the retailers distribution centres, and branded as the retailers own product.The management team at TT is attracted to this idea. It wo

11、uld enable TT to expand its production and sales without the need for additional investment for marketing and without the need to worry about setting up a distribution system. If the product is successful, it might lead to the launch of the TT brand to the retail trade, and possibly to contracts wit

12、h other major retailes for own brand products. However this change is likely to impact upon long established supply relationships, something which historically TT Ltd has paid little attention to, as purchasing is carried out by the busy production manager. PackagingOne of TTs high-spend items is co

13、ntainers for the paint. Wrapit Packaging Products (Wrapit) has been supplying TT for many years with a quality product at a good price. No one can remember how or why TT appointed Wrapit, but it may have been due to the friendship between TTs and Wrapits previous sales directors.The containers Wrapi

14、t supplies are of five litres capacity, to a standard design, and are supplied in large quantities in plain white. TT applies labels itself for its relatively small range of trade products. Wrapit was informed of the possibility of TT expanding into the retail sector and is very excited by the possi

15、ble new business that TTs new market opportunity might bring it.Wrapit has offered to invest in the necessary design and tooling changes for free, to produce the wider variety and size of containers that TT will require, to the design specified by TT and its retail customer.logistics IssuesWrapits p

16、lant however is 300 km from TTs factory and shipping large quantities of empty plastic containers is practically the same as shipping large volumes of fresh air. The cost of packaging will be a large proportion of the final cost of producing smaller retail packs of the product.There is a local suppl

17、ier only 20 km away which can apparently supply the same quality at a lower cost. However TT has never deal with this other supplier, and in any case has a sense of loyalty to Wrapit, which has been a very reliable and responsive supplier over the years. After a brainstorming session, the management

18、 team at TT has come up with the following possibilities. It has not as yet paid any attention to the feasibility or appropriateness of any of them.Supply Options for the FutureThe five options are:1. Continue the present supply relationship with Wrapit and negotiate a deal to cover the increased vo

19、lumes and variety requires.2. Invest in plastic moulding equipment, hire the appropriate expertise and integrate plastic container production, with the TT filling line effectively becoming a container maker.3. Say thank you but goodbye to Wrapit, negotiate a deal with the local supplier and source f

20、rom it as soon as possible.4. Suggest a partnering arrangement whereby Wrapit sets up a paint filling line, and that TT will ship paint in bulk to its site for filling and onward distribution to retailer distribution centres.5. Contract for the supply of empty containers from an international source

21、.The information in this case study is purely fictitious and has been prepared for assessment purposes only.Any resemblance to any organization or person is purely coincidental.問題 QUESTIONS第1題和第2題與案例相關(guān)，應(yīng)根據(jù)案例進(jìn)行回答。Questions 1 and 2 relate to the case study and should be answered in context of the info

22、rmation provided.1. 考慮TT公司的五種備選方案，并對(duì)各項(xiàng)的恰當(dāng)性逐一做出評(píng)估。 （25分）Review the FIVE options and assess the appropriateness of each for Tone Tint. 2.（a）指出TT公司采購(gòu)與供應(yīng)商管理的三項(xiàng)弱點(diǎn)。 （9分）Outline the THREE weaknesses of Tone Tints approach to sourcing and supplier management. （b）論述TT公司沒有考慮到的其他供應(yīng)選擇方案。 （16分）Discuss alternativ

23、e supply options not considered by Tone Tint. B部分（SECTION B）請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀以下全部問題后，然后選擇兩道問題回答。You are strongly advised to carefully read all the questions in section B before selecting TWO questions to answer.3.（a）描述下列關(guān)系類型的不同之處。 （15分）l 外包l 服務(wù)合同l 轉(zhuǎn)包或分包Describe the differences between the following relationship types:l outsourcingl service contractsl sub-contracting （b）描述組織從活動(dòng)外包中尋求的五個(gè)好處。 （10分）Explain FIVE benefits that organizations seek when outsourcing activities. 4.（a）解釋“供應(yīng)商開發(fā)”，并給出恰當(dāng)例子。 （10分）Explain supplier development, giving appropriate