非謂語動詞用法歸納(語法)(共5頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上非謂語動詞用法歸納主動被動1. doing 用在要求動詞后；進行；伴隨；性質(zhì)；特點；概括；抽象；一般3. having done 有先后動作表完成(一般用在句首)2. being done正在進行的被動4. having been done用于句首；要求動詞后（有過去時間或過去動作）5. to do 用在要求動詞后；目的；將來；具體7. to have done 在要求動詞后表完成的動作(一般用在句中)6. to be done將來的被動8. to have been done用在要求動詞后（有過去時間或過去動作）9. done 被動；完成（一般或普遍時間）一、表格的

2、用法1. doing 的用法（1）在要求動詞后（作賓語）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣賞acknowledge承認/自認 admit 承認advocate提倡/主張consider 考慮 can't help不禁 can't stand受不了contemplate細想complete完成confess坦白 dislike不喜歡，討厭deserve值得 delay延遲 deny否認 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌惡 enjoy享有/喜愛envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原諒 fancy幻想/

3、愛好favor 造成/偏愛figure描繪/計算hate討厭 imagine設(shè)想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss錯過mention說到/講到mind 介意pardon原諒/饒恕permit允許 postpone推遲practice 實行/實踐prevent阻止quit放棄停止risk冒險recall回想resist抵抗/阻止 resume恢復repent悔悟resent怨恨stand堅持/忍受suggest建議save營救/儲蓄tolerate忍受 worth值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth

4、reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表進行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主動The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom.= The man who s

5、poke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled.（4）表伴隨I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen.I lie in bed reading a novel.（5）表性質(zhì)；特點The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business

6、with her.（6）概括性,一般性Climbing mountain is very interesting.Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。(概括性,一般性)Our work is serving the people（7）動名詞的邏輯主語為；人稱代詞的所有格+動名詞；名詞's+動名詞。例如：Tom insisted on my going with them他堅持要我和他們一起去。He dislikes his wife's working late他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。2. being

7、 done表示正在進行的被動The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the boy felt sad. = When the boy was being criticized by Mr. Chen, he felt sad. The building being built will be the tallest one in this city.= The building

8、that is being built will be the tallest one in this city. 3. having done 有先后動作表完成(一般用在句首) Having finished the class, I went home. = After I had finished the class, I went home. Having done the work, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest.Having done the work, I went back

9、 home.Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders.4. having been done用于句首；有先后動作表完成有先后動作表完成,（有過去時間或過去動作）I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. (要求動詞后)=I appreciate that I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.Having been given the opp

10、ortunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then.= Because I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help thenI appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.I enjoy giving the opportunity to study abroad

11、to Mr. Wang.I appreciate being given the opportunity to study abroad now.Having been finished, the report was turned in.= After the report had been finished, it was turned in.5. to do的用法:(1)用在要求動詞后: 接to do的動詞（作賓語）attempt企圖afford負擔得起arrange安排appear似乎，顯得 ask問 agree同意 believe 認為、相信begin開始beg請求 bother擾亂

12、/煩惱care關(guān)心，喜歡 choose選擇 claim要求 consent同意，贊同 contrive設(shè)法，圖謀demand要求 destine注定 determine決定 dread害怕 desire愿望 decide決定 enable能夠 expect期望 endeavor努力fail不能hate憎恨/厭惡 happen碰巧 hesitate猶豫 hope希望 intend想要 incline有傾向 long渴望 love愛 learn學習 mean意欲，打算manage設(shè)法neglect忽視need需要omit忽略，漏 offer提供 pretend假裝 plan計劃 prefer喜歡/

13、寧愿 prepare準備 profess表明 promise承諾/允許 propose提議refuse拒絕swear宣誓 start開始 seek找/尋覓 try試圖undertake承接 volunteer志愿 vow起 wish希望 want想要(2)表示具體動作，特別是表示將來的動作(做表語)。Our work is to serve the peopleThe person to do the job is Tom. = The person who will do the job is Tom.To do two things at a time is to do neither一次

14、做兩件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開始干。如果主語是不定式（表示條件），表語也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）。To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。To work means to earn a living工作就是為了生活。如果主語是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose， thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導的名詞性從句，不定式作表語是對主語起補充說明作用。His wish is to buy a luxur

15、ious car in the near future他的希望是在不遠的將來買一輛豪華轎車。The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant省to 的動詞不定式 1） 情態(tài)動詞 ( 除ought 外，ough

16、t to)： 2） 使役動詞 let, have, make；在被動語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。 The boss made them work the whole night. = They were made to work the whole night.3） 感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補，省略to。在被動 語態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。 I saw him dance. = he was seen to dance. 注：感官動詞還可以接現(xiàn)在分詞，表示一個（短

17、暫）動作正在進行；不定式則表示動作的整個過程。I saw him dance.（整個跳舞的過程）I saw him dancing.（我看見他時，他正在跳舞。強調(diào)動作正在發(fā)生）A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smokedfind sb. doing sth意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事”。4） 表示個人意愿或傾向的would rather，had better，might(just) as well：rather than置于句首時

18、。 Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bike. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ ityouve got some big bills coming. A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget5） why / why not 6） help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth： 7） but和except：but前

19、是動詞do時，后面出現(xiàn)的動詞用不帶to的動詞不定式；是其他動詞時，則要帶to。He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.8）不定式做表語時，一般要帶to，但若主語部分中含有do的各種形式時，符號to可省去。 We've missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home.9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去to be

20、： He is supposed (to be) nice. 他應該是個好人。 10）當兩個或多個不定時短語由連詞and，but或or連接時，后一個或幾個不定式符號to常省略。但若表示 對比、對照關(guān)系時，則不能省略。 He wants to move to France and marry the girl. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult. 6. to be done將來的被動 The work to be finished tomorrow is im

21、portant.= The work that will be finished tomorrow is important.= The work that is to be done is difficult to finish.7to have done 在要求動詞后表完成的動作(一般用在句中) Mr. Chen is said to have done the job. = Mr. Chen is said that he did the job. Chinese men basketball team is reported to have accepted a good traini

22、ng before the Olympic Games. = Chinese men basketball team is reported that they accepted a good training before the Olympic Games.8. to have been done用在要求動詞后（有過去時間或過去動作） The job is said to have been done by Mr. Chen. = The job is said that it was done by Mr. Chen.9. done 被動；完成（一般或普遍時間） Seen from th

23、e moon, the earth looks like a blue ball.= When it is seen from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball. The work done is important.= The work that has been done is important = The work that was done is importantPeople cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have ma

24、de such a stupid mistake.二、出題形式1空格在句首：（1）句子分前后兩部分，后面分句的主語能發(fā)出前面的動作，前面空格用主動，否則用被動；（2）be interested in; be faced with; be devoted to; be delighted with; be addicted to; be seated on; be dressed in; (be) used/accustomed to; be armed with; be involved in; be concerned about/with; be attached to; 等在句首只能用-

25、ed形式 Faced with so many difficulties, I work hard every day. Devoted to my work; I care nothing else.2空格在句中：（1）空格前面的名詞能發(fā)出后面的動作，空格用主動，否則用被動（2）要求動詞（后接doing的動詞；后接to do的動詞）(3)有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別forget to do 忘記要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）stop to do 停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的

26、事remember to do 記住去做某事（未做）remember doing記得做過某事(已做)regret to do對要做的事遺憾 regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔try to do努力、企圖做某事 try doing試驗、試一試某種辦法mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味著go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情） go on doing 繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）propose to do 打算（要做某事）proposing doing建議（做某事）like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具體行為；+doing st

27、h 表示抽象、傾向概念I(lǐng)t is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.)等名詞+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭沒有用。It is no good objecting.反對也沒有用。 It is a great fun playing football打籃球很有趣。It is a waste of time trying to explain設(shè)法解釋是浪費時間。 It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容

28、詞)+ doing sth It is useless speaking.光說沒用。 It is nice seeing you again真高興又遇到了你。 It is good Playing chess after supper晚飯后弈棋挺好。It is expensive running this car開這種小車是浪費。3空格在句尾：（1）物 + need, want, deserve, demand, require + doing( = to be done ) The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard needs to be

29、 cleaned.（2）參考使役動詞make; let; get; have 的用法Sb(1) makes sb(2) do 前面的人讓/叫/使后面的人做某事Mr. Chen makes us do English exercise.Sb(1) makes sb(2) doing 前面的人讓/叫/使后面的人一直做某事（有前提條件，表示抱怨或發(fā)牢騷）Mr. Chen is too strict on our English study and he always makes us doing English exercise.Sb(2) is made to do某人被讓/叫/使去做某事We a

30、re made to do English exercise.Sb makes oneself / ones point done某人讓/叫/使自己或自己的話/觀點讓別人聽懂Mr. Chen speaks English slowly in order to make himself understood in the class.Sb makes sth done某人把/讓/叫/使某事給別人做I have my hair cut.Sb has done sth某人已經(jīng)做完了某事I have cut my hair.（3）不及物動詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語，要加上適當?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，這里的介詞不能省去。 I need a pen to write with我需要一支筆寫字。 There is nothing to w