翻譯理論和實踐第二章語義翻譯03

1、第三講 直譯與意譯兼談歸化與異化直譯v直譯literal translationvword-for-word translationv直譯是指既忠實于原文內(nèi)容又忠實于原文形式的翻譯方法。v直譯是把忠實于原文內(nèi)容放在第一位，把忠實于原文形式放在第二位，把通順的譯文形式放在第三位的翻譯方法。（許淵沖，1978）意譯v意譯free translationvsense-for-sense translationv意譯是只忠實于原文內(nèi)容而不拘泥于原文形式的翻譯方法。v意譯卻是把忠實于原文的內(nèi)容放在第一位，把通順的譯文形式放在第二位，而不拘泥于原文形式的翻譯方法。Which one is better?v

2、Translate literally, if possible, or appeal to free translation.v能直譯就盡量直譯。直譯能保存原作的某種比喻手法或修辭手法，因而能達到與原文近似的語言效果。v不能直譯就采取意譯。如果譯文不能以與原文相同的形式來再現(xiàn)原文的內(nèi)容，只好意譯。v“無論直譯、意譯，都要符合忠實、通順的標準?！保ㄔS淵沖，1984）v一部好的譯作總是既有直譯又有意譯的：凡能直譯處堅持直譯，必須意譯處則放手意譯。（王佐良，1979）v我覺得翻譯的方法其實只有一種，并沒有“直譯”和“意譯”的分別。好的翻譯應(yīng)該都是“直譯”，也都是“意譯”。（巴金，1951）v只要真

3、能了解原意，又能用譯語表達，是沒有直譯和意譯之分的。 (錢歌川)Look at these examples.varmed to the teethva gentlemans agreementvBlood is thicker than water. vto be on thin ice vin the same boatvWalls have ears. vStrike while the iron is hot. va belt-tightening policyva wait-and-see attitudevwalk on airvpull sbs leg (Caution: It

4、has a “false friend”.)vfight it outMore examplesv1. The policemen who patrolled the city slum area that summer were sitting on a volcano.v2. Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door.v3. When they met again, each had already been married to another.v4. She could not desert Tara

5、; she belonged to the red acres far more than they could ever belong to her.v1譯：那年夏天，在城市貧民區(qū)巡邏的警察如同坐在火山口上。v2譯：魯絲一直在擾亂別的孩子，我就把她攆了出去。v3譯：他們重新見面時，一個已是有婦之夫，一個已是有夫之婦。v4譯：她不會放棄塔拉；這塊紅土地是屬于她的，而她更是永遠屬于這塊紅土地。v5. He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen mayor of Chicago.v譯1：他找到工作的機會和當選芝加哥

6、市長的機會幾乎差不多。v譯2：他要找到工作簡直跟要當選芝加哥市長同樣困難。v譯3：他找到工作的機會簡直微乎其微。v6. When Jean graduated from high school, she looked at the world through rose-colored glasses.v譯：簡高中畢業(yè)的時候，她把這個世界看得太簡單了。v7. With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes.v譯：憑著我的決心，

7、我的運氣，還有許多善良人們的幫助，我終于獲得新生。v8. “How much did you suffer?”v “Plenty,” the old man said.v -The Old Man and The Seav譯：“你吃了多少苦頭？”v “一言難盡”，老頭說。v9. 一個和尚挑水吃，兩個和尚抬水吃，三個和尚沒水吃。v譯：One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.異化與歸化v異化翻譯 foreignization (foreignizing method)vis a strategy in which a tar

8、get text is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreigness of the original. （Lawrence Venuti 韋努蒂，1995）vEg. All roads lead to Rome.v armed to the teeth; bottleneck; shed crocodile tears; 紙老虎v“要從外國語言中吸收我們所需要的成分，而且要吸收他們的新鮮用語?！?（毛澤東）v翻譯必須有異國情調(diào)，就是所謂洋氣。（魯迅）v

9、讓中國游客去吃半生不熟的牛排大餐 （余光中）v歸化譯法 Domestication (domesticating method)v is a strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target language readers.vEg. to grow like mushroomsv中國游客去國外的Chinatown吃飯Tipsv1. Translation is a continual tug-o

10、f-war between faithfulness and smoothness, literalism and liberalism, foreignization and translationese, loyalty to the author and appeal for the reader.v2. All translations is a compromise the effort to be literal and the effort to be idiomatic.vStudy “skopos theory”Appreciation 10. He wanted to ru

11、n, but that would be the worst thing he could do.v譯1：他真想跑，但那是他能做的最糟糕的事。v譯2：他真想拔腿就跑，但對他來說，最糟糕的事莫過于此了。11. She came to see him almost every day for six astonishing weeks.v譯1：她幾乎每天都來看他，先后持續(xù)了令人吃驚的六個星期之久。v譯2： 她幾乎每天都來看他，連續(xù)了六個星期。時間之長，令人吃驚。v12. While the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Pinkertons academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness, driven by a fat co