面向服務(wù)的現(xiàn)代商務(wù)系統(tǒng)信息集成架構(gòu)

1、2009年3月第12卷第5期中國管理信息化China Management InformationizationMar.,2009V01.12.No.5面向服務(wù)的現(xiàn)代商務(wù)系統(tǒng)信息集成架構(gòu)張迎春(上海電子信息學(xué)院計算機應(yīng)用系,上海201411摘要BPM是企業(yè)級的協(xié)調(diào)的商務(wù)流程活動,而SOA可支持企業(yè)創(chuàng)建更靈活的信息基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)。SOA使用戶輕松地將商務(wù)流程連接到基礎(chǔ)系統(tǒng)。從而節(jié)省時間和IT資源。將BPM向SOA遷移,可最大程度地降低企業(yè)商務(wù)流程本身的復(fù)雜性,提升企業(yè)信息的集成化水平。關(guān)鍵詞SOA;BPM;4-孝息集成;商務(wù)流程中圖分類號F270.7文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼A文章編號】16730194(200905

2、0069021SOA的思想根源傳統(tǒng)信息運作方式雖然大大推進(jìn)了企業(yè)生產(chǎn)力,但又反作用于信息技術(shù),促使企業(yè)內(nèi)外部商務(wù)信息的大規(guī)模集成。從面向過程到面向服務(wù)的4個關(guān)鍵階段可以看出,程序語言發(fā)展的過程實質(zhì)為逐步降低耦合性的過程,也是接口與接口實現(xiàn)逐漸分離的過程(見表1。表1程序語言的發(fā)展階段面向過程面向?qū)ο竺嫦蚪M件面向服務(wù)耦合度緊密(函數(shù)松散(ooP特色松散(接口類間有一定解耦松散(進(jìn)一步解耦重用性差較好(僅允許本地調(diào)用對象好(可遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用優(yōu)秀接口類無無有有傳輸協(xié)議無無非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)SOAP協(xié)議在Web Service的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的面向服務(wù)架構(gòu)(ServiceOriented Architectu

3、re,SOA的思想將企業(yè)應(yīng)用看作一些可跨越企業(yè)邊界、自我描述、實現(xiàn)某一特殊功能的服務(wù)集合。通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的機制,能夠?qū)⑦@些服務(wù)注冊于公共數(shù)據(jù)庫中,并能被感興趣的請求者發(fā)現(xiàn);服務(wù)者和請求者之間能夠進(jìn)行動態(tài)綁定和直接交互,實現(xiàn)一定的企業(yè)功能邏輯(SOA模型如圖1所示。而作為SOA的一種實現(xiàn)手段,Web服務(wù)以其完好的封裝性、松散的耦合性、協(xié)議規(guī)范的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)性以及高度的可集成性等特點,能夠良好地滿足SOA應(yīng)用模式的需求。2從BPM到SOA的躍遷商務(wù)流程管理(Business Process Management, BPM在SOA之前出現(xiàn)并已成功實施。早期企業(yè)通常會建立各業(yè)務(wù)部門相對獨立且相互之間缺乏協(xié)同的流程

4、系統(tǒng)。隨著部門分工理論的沒落,各方面的困難使BPM產(chǎn)品一度喪失了競爭優(yōu)勢。而如今,缺乏靈活性、收稿日期200808一cr7基金項目】上海高校選拔培養(yǎng)優(yōu)秀青年教師科研專項基金(d.xz05001資助。作者簡介】張迎春(1979一,女,上海人,上海電子信息學(xué)院計算機應(yīng)用系講師,碩士,主要研究方向:系統(tǒng)分析與集成、管理信息系統(tǒng)。圖1SOA模型高昂的變革成本、以rr為中心的傳統(tǒng)應(yīng)用等因素又促使BPM市場急劇增長。同時,IDC提出流程企業(yè)應(yīng)進(jìn)化到2.O階段,使用SOA的思想方法和技術(shù)架構(gòu)組裝企業(yè)的BPM,而BPM的重新崛起在很大程度上又推動著SOA的發(fā)展。在商務(wù)流程自動化(BPA、異構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的無縫整合(E

5、AI、企業(yè)流程建模分析(BPM的核心和監(jiān)控企業(yè)活動以實現(xiàn)流程持續(xù)改進(jìn)(BAM等每個BPM的應(yīng)用場合中,SOA都扮演著至關(guān)重要的角色。要從BPM遷移到SOA,跨越信息技術(shù)與業(yè)務(wù)之間的鴻溝,需引入一個服務(wù)層,該層包含支持特定業(yè)務(wù)域的服務(wù)線、可跨多個業(yè)務(wù)域共享的可復(fù)用技術(shù)服務(wù)以及Web Services平(h田憂MANAG日踟小嬲引孓刀O膿刪/69企業(yè)管理信息化臺,允許以各種獨立于底層服務(wù)和技術(shù)平臺的方式定義和利用服務(wù)。從技術(shù)層面看,SOA和BPM結(jié)合的方法主要有以下兩種:(1BPEL+WSDL。先定義好一個BPEL流程,然后將其納入到SCA容器。在定義構(gòu)件時,可使用子元素的pI'OCCSS

6、屬性指明這個可執(zhí)行的BPEL流程的目標(biāo)名稱。(2BPEL應(yīng)用SCA的某個構(gòu)件。例如,一個BPEL的變量聲明可以包含個SCA的擴展,表明這個變量代表了個SCA構(gòu)件的屬性。3基于SOA的商務(wù)系統(tǒng)信息集成應(yīng)用建模某國內(nèi)知名IT企業(yè)ABC公司內(nèi)部先后實施了由9訂單號不同廠家提供或自主開發(fā)的辦公自動化、企業(yè)資源計劃、決策支持、電子分銷、供應(yīng)鏈管理等相對獨立的商務(wù)子系統(tǒng)。隨著業(yè)務(wù)的不斷進(jìn)展,以及與其他企業(yè)的海量信息流通,需要部署一個基于SOA的商務(wù)系統(tǒng)門戶集成方案。考慮到業(yè)務(wù)需求,通過集成中間件平臺對各商務(wù)系統(tǒng)的流程與ERP核心子系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行實時無縫的鏈接,使企業(yè)內(nèi)部整體的商務(wù)流程更加完整和流暢。此外,通過集

7、成中間件平臺集成ABC公司與其供應(yīng)商z公司之間的異構(gòu)ERP系統(tǒng),使整個供應(yīng)鏈的商務(wù)流程更加完整和流暢。集成后的SOA架構(gòu)應(yīng)用模式為:OA系統(tǒng)首先根圈2產(chǎn)品采購商務(wù)流程示意圖據(jù)內(nèi)部登錄人員的配置信息確定用戶身份并給予相應(yīng)權(quán)限,根據(jù)此權(quán)限范圍內(nèi)的工作流程和列表提供流程表單。用戶需在表單上填寫與流程控制、ERP系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的參數(shù)及其他字段信息。工作流引擎根據(jù)流程定義文檔控制流程執(zhí)行,當(dāng)流程流轉(zhuǎn)到某個需要調(diào)用Web Ser-vice的活動時,發(fā)送SOAP請求信息給服務(wù)提供者。Web Service利用數(shù)據(jù)訪問邏輯組件操作數(shù)據(jù)庫表。以采購申請為例(圖2為采購流程定義,用戶調(diào)用ERP的采購管理Web Serv

8、ice的“采購信息保存”方法,將采購的物料編號、采購數(shù)量、價格范圍、供應(yīng)商等信息存儲到ERP的數(shù)據(jù)庫。服務(wù)提供者實現(xiàn)服務(wù)之后,將包括單據(jù)編號和狀態(tài)等信息的SOAP返回信息傳回OA系統(tǒng)。工作流引擎根據(jù)WSDL文檔解析該SOAP返回信息,將它自動存人流程表單并將表單傳送給服務(wù)器,然后根據(jù)工作流控制數(shù)據(jù)和組織/角色模型將流程表單傳遞給下個執(zhí)行者,并同時發(fā)送Email通知。4結(jié)語基于SOA架構(gòu)的BPM可使企業(yè)機構(gòu)快速部署和為/C卜刀MG日面日盯懈DRM蛤辦凹V翰770N 改變流程,有助于滿足跨越系統(tǒng)、地域和組織界限的端到端商務(wù)流程需求,使企業(yè)具備敏捷的商務(wù)競爭優(yōu)勢。下一步面臨的問題是:如何持續(xù)改進(jìn)BP

9、M流程,識別出最有價值的商務(wù)流程模型去實施企業(yè)級SOA;在此基礎(chǔ)上,如何逐步積累經(jīng)驗,更深入廣泛地推廣BPM應(yīng)用。實踐表明,在影響項目成功實施的各種因素中,除了在戰(zhàn)術(shù)層面需要能正確實施BPM和SOA的混合分步部署的系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)師以外,管理理念與組織協(xié)調(diào)等人為方面的難題遠(yuǎn)大于技術(shù)難題。因此,要成功部署SOA,企業(yè)不能僅關(guān)注技術(shù),更應(yīng)把持續(xù)改進(jìn)流程作為先進(jìn)的管理理念和必不可少的長期商務(wù)戰(zhàn)略。主要參考文獻(xiàn)1羅鴻,王忠民日啦原理、設(shè)計、實施M.北京:電子工業(yè)出版社,2003:4560.2劉艷.吳健.基于SOA的OA與ERP的整合應(yīng)用J.計算機應(yīng)用,2008,2s(3:816818. 面向服務(wù)的現(xiàn)代商務(wù)系統(tǒng)

10、信息集成架構(gòu)作者:張迎春, ZHANG Ying-chun作者單位:上海電子信息學(xué)院,計算機應(yīng)用系,上海,201411刊名:中國管理信息化英文刊名:CHINA MANAGEMENT INFORMATIONIZATION年,卷(期:2009,12(5引用次數(shù):0次參考文獻(xiàn)(2條1.羅鴻.王忠民ERP原理、設(shè)計、實施 20032.劉艷.吳健基于SOA的OA與ERP的整合應(yīng)用期刊論文-計算機應(yīng)用 2008(3相似文獻(xiàn)(10條1.期刊論文張勇.周俊林.ZHANG Yong.ZHOU Jun-lin BPM和SOA在系統(tǒng)集成中的應(yīng)用-計算機科學(xué)2008,35(10針對企業(yè)ERP與CRM系統(tǒng)信息群島的集成

11、問題,提出了基于SOA的解決方案,以彌合長期以來企業(yè)與IT基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施之間的鴻溝,實現(xiàn)IT向業(yè)務(wù)看齊,從而支持企業(yè)快速靈活地變遷其業(yè)務(wù)流程,實現(xiàn)IT架構(gòu)的靈活性和IT資產(chǎn)的重用,使企業(yè)能充分利用內(nèi)部資源和外部資源,優(yōu)化全局管理.2.期刊論文丁劍.韓萌.DING Jian.HAN Meng基于SOA和BPM的系統(tǒng)集成框架研究及實現(xiàn)-微計算機信息2009,25(15為了重用和整合現(xiàn)有的計算機軟件資源,提出了一種基于SOA與BPM的五層結(jié)構(gòu)企業(yè)級框架.其實現(xiàn)機制是采用SOA對現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行包裝,直接重用現(xiàn)有的系統(tǒng).采用SOA與BPM流程對現(xiàn)有服務(wù)進(jìn)行了復(fù)雜的邏輯組合,在不改變現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)下實現(xiàn)有效集

12、成,提高了服務(wù)的復(fù)用性,這是一種系統(tǒng)重用和集成現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)的良好方法.本文以教學(xué)系統(tǒng)的集成為例展開計論.3.外文會議Liu. Yang.Hu. Enzhao.Chen. Xudong.ICIII Architecture of Information System Combining SOA and BPMIn respond to the challenge of complexity and variability that business information systems are facing nowadays, this paper proposes a solution of a

13、rchitecture combining Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA and Business Process Management (BPM. First, we explain the definition, characteristics and implementation of SOA; second, we introduce the concept and mechanism of BPM; finally, we give an overall architecture with combination of SOA and BPM,

14、 along with the concrete designing procedure. This solution brings complimentary advantages, as SOA answers for the technological problems such as integration and encapsulation, while BPM issues a revolution in management which concentrates on business process, demanding the enterprise to establish

15、a clear process system and manage it effectively. Architecture combining SOA and BPM improves the agility of business and the enterprise from both management and techniques, and makes the enterprise more competitive by adapting swiftly to the ever-changing market.4.外文會議Tang. Jian.Qu. Haitao.Wang. Qi

16、an.Luo. Xiaoxiang.Pi. Renjie.ICPCA Transform traditional OSS by using SOA and BPMWith the emergence of new business and the change of customers' needs, the traditional OSS gradually can't response to all of these. It cost much to develop a new business, and can't quickly adjust the exist

17、ing business to meet the change of the market's needs. So how to change this situation? Now, SOA became more and more popular with system designers and integration staff, and BPM breaks the limits among department, system and individual, promoting the traditional artificial work to be replaced b

18、y the computer automation. This paper proposes a method to transform the traditional OSS to a flexible and extendable system by bringing in SOA and BPM. In a word, it uses SOA to construct the infrastructure of OSS by using Web Service to wrap functions to services; it use BPM to develop and manage

19、business by combining services to processes. So it can easily manage the existing business and develop new business; it could quickly response to the changes of the market, and it can meet diverse needs of customers.5.外文會議Christoph F. Strnadl.;Bridging Architectural Boundaries Design and Implementat

20、ion of a Semantic BPM and SOA Governance ToolIn order to increase IT and business agility or to improve IT systems and business processes integration many organizations are currently implementing business process management systems (BPMS or adopting a service-oriented architecture (SOA paradigm. How

21、ever, in doing so, IT complexity will admittedly increase and IT managers then are in need of effective governance techniques covering both strategic initiatives, BPM and SOA. This contribution re-examines the problem domain in the novel Enhanced Process-Driven Architecture (ePDA model in order to s

22、ystematically derive the requirements for combined BPM and SOA governance. We then formulate a semantic meta model capable of capturing necessary artifacts and describe its technical implementation in Software AG's and Fujitsu's joint CentraSite governance registry/repository. As "lesso

23、ns learned" from several projects we systematically derive governance benefits using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP and highlight measures on software deployment issues.6.外文會議Christoph F. Strnadl Bridging Architectural Boundaries Design and Implementation of a Semantic BPM and SOA Governan

24、ce ToolIn order to increase IT and business agility or to improve IT systems and business processes integration many organizations are currently implementing business process management systems (BPMS or adopting a service-oriented architecture (SOA paradigm. However, in doing so, IT complexity will

25、admittedly increase and IT managers then are in need of effective governance techniques covering both strategic initiatives, BPM and SOA. This contribution re-examines the problem domain in the novel Enhanced Process-Driven Architecture (ePDA model in order to systematically derive the requirements

26、for combined BPM and SOA governance. We then formulate a semantic meta model capable of capturing necessary artifacts and describe its technical implementation in Software AGsgovernance benefits using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP and highlight measures on software deployment issues.7.外文會議Chri

27、stoph F. Strnadl Bridging Architectural Boundaries Design and Implementation of aSemantic BPM and SOA Governance ToolIn order to increase IT and business agility or to improve IT systems and business processes integration many organizations are currently implementing business process management syst

28、ems (BPMS or adopting a service-oriented architecture (SOA paradigm. However, in doing so, IT complexity will admittedly increase and IT managers then are in need of effective governance techniques covering both strategic initiatives, BPM and SOA. This contribution re-examines the problem domain in

29、the novel Enhanced Process-Driven Architecture (ePDA model in order to systematically derive the requirements for combined BPM and SOA governance. We then formulate a semantic meta model capable of capturing necessary artifacts and describe its technical implementation in Software AG's and Fujit

30、su's joint CentraSite governance registry/repository. As "lessons learned" from several projects we systematically derive governance benefits using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP and highlight measures on software deployment issues.8.期刊論文王輝.邵貝恩.WANG Hui.SHAO Bei-en用SOA和BPM組合架構(gòu)實時企業(yè)

31、-計算機應(yīng)用研究2007,24(6根據(jù)對實時企業(yè)提出的要求,分析了SOA和BPM這兩種方法各自的特點,從管理和技術(shù)兩個角度利用兩者優(yōu)勢互補,給出了一種SOA-BPM組合框架,以幫助企業(yè)構(gòu)建實時企業(yè).9.期刊論文方江雄.何紅波.李義兵.FANG Jiang-xiong.HE Hong-bo.LI Yi-bing基于SOA和BPM的ERP系統(tǒng)的研究與實現(xiàn)-計算機應(yīng)用2007,27(5分析了傳統(tǒng)ERP解決方案所面臨的不足,提出了基于面向服務(wù)架構(gòu)和業(yè)務(wù)流程管理實現(xiàn)ERP系統(tǒng)的解決方案.在深入探討面向服務(wù)的框架模型原理及業(yè)務(wù)流程管理思想的基礎(chǔ)上,給出了一個面向服務(wù)和業(yè)務(wù)流程管理的企業(yè)應(yīng)用框架.并結(jié)合企業(yè)

32、實踐項目,詳細(xì)闡述了基于SOA和BPM集成的方法和步驟,充分論證了基于SOA和BPM的ERP系統(tǒng)集成開發(fā)的可行性及優(yōu)越性.10.外文會議Thomas Woodley.Stephane Gagnon BPM and SOA: Synergies and ChallengesWhile BPM and SOA have evolved independently, there is an inevitable symbiotic relationship between them. As well, a SOA can be developed using various service formats, whether unique Web Services, orchestrated services using the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL, or other service providers. A SOA promotes the creation of highly accessible, loosely coupled, discrete business serv