情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法詳解

1、 We can be there on time tomorrow. 我們明天能按時(shí)去那兒。我們明天能按時(shí)去那兒。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字嗎？我能知道你的名字嗎？ Shall we begin now? 我們現(xiàn)在就開始嗎？我們現(xiàn)在就開始嗎？ You must obey the school rules. 你必須遵守校規(guī)。你必須遵守校規(guī)。 情情 態(tài)態(tài) 動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 的的 位位 置置 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，謂語動(dòng)詞前若有助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，謂語動(dòng)詞前若有助動(dòng)詞，則在助動(dòng)詞之前，疑問句中，則在助動(dòng)詞之前，疑問句中， 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語之

2、前。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語之前。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看見你，過來吧。我能看見你，過來吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 你要什么？你要什么？ How dare you treat us like that! 你怎么敢那樣對(duì)待我們你怎么敢那樣對(duì)待我們! 情情 態(tài)態(tài) 動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 的的 特特 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形，否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加“not”。個(gè)別

3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式，過去式可以用來表達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的語氣，時(shí)過去式兩種形式，過去式可以用來表達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的語氣，時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng)，可用于過去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。態(tài)性不強(qiáng)，可用于過去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼?He could be here soon. 他很快就來。他很快就來。 We cant carry the heavy box. 我們搬不動(dòng)那箱子。我們搬不動(dòng)那箱子。 Im sorry I cant help you. 對(duì)不起，我?guī)筒簧夏?。?duì)不起，我?guī)筒簧夏恪?情情 態(tài)態(tài) 動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 的的 用用 法法1. can (could) 表示說話人能表示說話人能, 可以可以, 同

4、意同意, 準(zhǔn)許準(zhǔn)許, 以及客觀條件許可以及客觀條件許可, could 為為 can 的過去式。的過去式。 Can you pass me the books? 你能給我遞一下書嗎你能給我遞一下書嗎 ? Could you help me, please? 請(qǐng)問請(qǐng)問, 你能幫助我嗎你能幫助我嗎? What can you do? 你能干點(diǎn)什么呢你能干點(diǎn)什么呢? Can you be sure? 你有把握嗎你有把握嗎? can 和和could 只能用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種時(shí)態(tài)，將來時(shí)態(tài)用只能用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種時(shí)態(tài)，將來時(shí)態(tài)用be able to 來表示。來表示。 He could help us

5、 at all. 他完全可以幫助我們。他完全可以幫助我們。 With the teachers help, I shall be able to speak English correctly. 有有老師的幫助老師的幫助, 我將能準(zhǔn)確地講英語。我將能準(zhǔn)確地講英語。 2. may (might) “可以可以”，表示說話人同意，許可或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可。，表示說話人同意，許可或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可。 You may take the book home. 你可以把書帶回家去。你可以把書帶回家去。 May I come in? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎我可以進(jìn)來嗎? May I use your dictionary? 我可

6、以用你的詞典嗎我可以用你的詞典嗎? You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿點(diǎn)衣服。你可以多穿點(diǎn)衣服。 He said he might lend us some money. 他說他可以借給我們一些錢。他說他可以借給我們一些錢。 may 否定式為否定式為 may not, 縮寫形式是縮寫形式是 maynt。might 是是may 的的過去式，有兩種用法，一種表示過去式，一種表示虛擬語氣，使語過去式，有兩種用法，一種表示過去式，一種表示虛擬語氣，使語氣更加委婉、氣更加委婉、 客氣或?qū)赡苄缘膽岩??？蜌饣驅(qū)赡苄缘膽岩伞?He told me he might be

7、here on time. 他說他能按時(shí)間來。他說他能按時(shí)間來。 Might I borrow some money now? 我可以借點(diǎn)錢嗎我可以借點(diǎn)錢嗎? He might be alive. 他可能還活著。他可能還活著。3. must “必須；應(yīng)該；一定；準(zhǔn)是必須；應(yīng)該；一定；準(zhǔn)是”，表示說話人認(rèn)為有必要做某，表示說話人認(rèn)為有必要做某事，命令、要求別人做某事以及對(duì)事物的推測。事，命令、要求別人做某事以及對(duì)事物的推測。must 用來指一般用來指一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)， 過去式可用過去式可用 have to 的過去式代替。的過去式代替。 I must finish my

8、work today. I must finish my work today. 我今天必須完成我的工作。我今天必須完成我的工作。 You You mustnmustnt work all the time. t work all the time. 你不能老是工作。你不能老是工作。 Must I return the book tomorrow? Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必須明天還書嗎我必須明天還書嗎? ? After such a long walk, you must be tired. After such a long walk, you

9、must be tired. 走了這么長的路走了這么長的路, , 你一定累了。你一定累了。 He must be the man I am looking for. He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。他一定是我要找的人。 He had to go because of somebodys calling him that day. He had to go because of somebodys calling him that day. 那天他要走，因?yàn)橛腥私兴Ｄ翘焖?，因?yàn)橛腥私兴?。值得注意的是：值得注意的是：?）must

10、 + have + 過去分詞，表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過去事物的推測。過去分詞，表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過去事物的推測。 He must have told my parents about it. He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。 He must have received my letter now. He must have received my letter now. 他現(xiàn)在一定收到我的信了。他現(xiàn)在一定收到我的信了。 Its six oclock already, we must have been l

11、ate again. Its six oclock already, we must have been late again. 已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了，我們一定又遲到了。已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了，我們一定又遲到了。（2）must 和和 have to 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別: must 表示說話人的主觀思想表示說話人的主觀思想, have to “不得不不得不,必須必須”，表示客觀需要、客觀條件只能如此。，表示客觀需要、客觀條件只能如此。 You must do it now. 你必需現(xiàn)在就干。你必需現(xiàn)在就干。(說話人認(rèn)為必須現(xiàn)在干說話人認(rèn)為必須現(xiàn)在干) I have to go now. 我得走了。我得走了。(客觀條件必

12、須現(xiàn)在走客觀條件必須現(xiàn)在走) You must be here on time next time. 你下次一定要按時(shí)來。你下次一定要按時(shí)來。 I have to cook for my child. 我得給孩子做飯。我得給孩子做飯。 4. need “需要需要”，多用在否定式或疑問句中，多用在否定式或疑問句中. Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? 我需要明天參加會(huì)議嗎我需要明天參加會(huì)議嗎? You need not hand in the paper this week. 這一周你不必交論文。這一周你不必交論文。 need 是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，他的用法完全和其

13、他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣，但是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，他的用法完全和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣，但 need 還可當(dāng)作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，這時(shí)還可當(dāng)作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，這時(shí) need 就象其他動(dòng)詞一樣，有第就象其他動(dòng)詞一樣，有第三人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，三人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)， 后面加帶后面加帶 to 的動(dòng)詞等特性。的動(dòng)詞等特性。 I need a bike to go to school. 我上學(xué)需要一輛自行車。我上學(xué)需要一輛自行車。 Do you need a dictionary? 你需要詞典嗎你需要詞典嗎? She needs a necklace. 她需要一條項(xiàng)鏈。她需要一條項(xiàng)鏈。 注意：注意：“neednt + have + 過去分詞過去

14、分詞” 表示過去做了沒必要做的事表示過去做了沒必要做的事情。情。 You neednt have taken it seriously. 這件事情你不必太認(rèn)真。這件事情你不必太認(rèn)真。 5. dare “敢敢”，多用在否定或疑問句中。，多用在否定或疑問句中。 The little girl dare not speak in public. 小女孩不敢在公眾小女孩不敢在公眾面前說話。面前說話。 Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小貓嗎你敢抓小貓嗎? dare 除用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞外，更多的是當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，除用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞外，更多的是當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用， 用法同實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣

15、，要考慮人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)等。用法同實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣，要考慮人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)等。 Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路嗎？你敢黑夜走路嗎？ He doesnt dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告訴老師那天發(fā)生的事。他不敢告訴老師那天發(fā)生的事。6. ought “應(yīng)當(dāng)；應(yīng)該應(yīng)當(dāng)；應(yīng)該”，后面跟帶有，后面跟帶有 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。的動(dòng)詞不定式。 You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the mot

16、orcar. 如果你想知道如何修理汽車如果你想知道如何修理汽車,你應(yīng)該讀這些書。你應(yīng)該讀這些書。 You ought to bring the child here. 你應(yīng)該把孩子帶來。你應(yīng)該把孩子帶來。 ought + to have done 句型。指過去動(dòng)作句型。指過去動(dòng)作,表示一件事情該做而未做。表示一件事情該做而未做。 You ought to have been here yesterday. 你昨天就應(yīng)該來。你昨天就應(yīng)該來。 ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。句型。表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。 You ought not to hav

17、e taken the book out of the reading-room. 你不應(yīng)該把書帶出閱覽室。你不應(yīng)該把書帶出閱覽室。7. will (would) 表決心、愿望。表決心、愿望。 would 為為 will 的過去式的過去式, 可用于各人可用于各人稱。稱。 Ill do my best to catch up with them. 我要盡全力趕上他們。我要盡全力趕上他們。 Ill never do it again, thats the last time. 我再不會(huì)做那件事情了我再不會(huì)做那件事情了,這這是最后一次。是最后一次。 He said he would help me.

18、 他說他會(huì)幫助我。他說他會(huì)幫助我。 will, would用于疑問句表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問用于疑問句表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問,用用 would 比比 will 更婉轉(zhuǎn)更婉轉(zhuǎn),客氣?？蜌?。 Its hot. Will you open the windows? 天氣太熱了天氣太熱了,你能打開窗戶嗎你能打開窗戶嗎? Will you help me to work it out? 你能幫我解這道題嗎你能幫我解這道題嗎? Would you like some coffee？ 給你來點(diǎn)咖啡怎樣？給你來點(diǎn)咖啡怎樣？ 8. shall, should 表示命令表示命令, 警告警告, 允諾允

19、諾, 征求征求, 勸告勸告, 建議建議, 驚奇。驚奇。 You should hand in the exercise book. 你應(yīng)該交作業(yè)本兒了。你應(yīng)該交作業(yè)本兒了。 This should be no problem. 這應(yīng)該沒問題。這應(yīng)該沒問題。 Shall we go now? 我們現(xiàn)在可以走了嗎我們現(xiàn)在可以走了嗎? Why should I meet him？ 為什么我要見他為什么我要見他? 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專練題情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專練題1.Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could

20、C. must D. would2. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, _. A. you shouldnt B. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustnt3.You to attend the meeting, but you didnt. A. should come B. would have come C. came D. should have come4.We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it. A. mu

21、stnt have attended B. couldnt have attended C. neednt have attended D. would have not attended5.Tom went on foot, but he by bus. A. might go B. may go C. could have gone D. ought have gone 6.We play chess than bridge. Some of us dont know how to play bridge. A. had better B. would better C. would ra

22、ther D. had rather7.There is someone knocking at the door. it be Tom? A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Ought8.There was a lot of time. He . A. mustnt have hurried B. neednt have hurried C. could have hurried D. ought to have hurried9.We didnt study Chemistry last night, but we . A. had studied B. could C

23、. should D. could have10.One ought for what one hasnt done. A. not to be punished B. to not be punished C. to not punished D. not be punished 11.May I pick a flower in the garden? . A. No, you neednt B. Not, please C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont12.Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you . A

24、. will B. could C. may D. might13.Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you worry about parking. A. must not B. may not C. should not D. dont have to14.I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She at the meeting. A. mustnt have

25、 spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken15.I wonder how he that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 16.You take your umbrella. I am sure it wont rain. A. shouldnt B. cant C. dont have to D. mustnt17.The dog hibernate in winte

26、r. A. dont need B. doesnt need to C. needs not to D. needs not18.Look what you have done. You have been careful. A. should B. can C. must D. may19.Tom did not go to the party yesterday, or I him. A. would see B. could meet C. might have seen D. might see20. Lets go to the cinema, shall we? ? A. No,

27、I cant B. Yes, I will C. Yes, thank you D. No, wed better not 21.If you had been more careful, you have made so many mistakes.A. wont B. wouldnt C. may not D. mustnt22.Whenever Mother was not here, the children make a lot of noise.A. will B. would C. were to D. were going to23.Why is it so dark. There be a heavy rain coming. A. shall B. may C. should D. will24.Tom is late. What to him? A. should have happened B.