環(huán)境科學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯英語

1、精心整理 精心整理 環(huán)境工程專業(yè)英語 pollutio n 污染 acid rain cid rain 酸雨 in teracti on of systems 系統(tǒng)的交互作用 environmen tal problem 環(huán)境問題 en viro nmental disturba nee 環(huán)境破壞 biotic habitat 生物環(huán)境 sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫 n itroge n oxide 氧化氮 carb on dioxide 二氧化碳 primary air polluta nt 次大氣污染物 sec on dary air polluta nt 二次大氣污染物 mon

2、oxide 一氧化物 dioxide 二氧化物 trioxide 三氧化物 carb on mono xide 一氧化碳 carb on dioxide 二氧化碳 sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫 sulfur trioxide 三氧化硫 n itrous oxide 一氧化二氮 nitric oxide 一氧化氮 contaminant 污染物 strength 強度 foreig n matter 雜質(zhì) domestic sewage 生活污水 municipal wastewater 城市廢水 microbe 微生物 microorganism 微生物 bacteria 細菌 to

3、tal solids 總固體 inorganic con stitue nts 無機要素 con tam in ati on 污染 recon tam in ati on 再污染 groundwater 地下水 surface water 地表 水 restrictio n 限制 colloid 膠體 screening 隔柵 coagulation flocculati on 絮凝 sedime ntatio n automobile exhaust 汽車尾氣 in fectious diseases 有傳染性的疾病 waterbor ne diseases 水傳染的疾病 agraria n

4、 society 農(nóng)業(yè)社會 in dustrial society 工業(yè)社會 in dustrial revoluti on 產(chǎn)業(yè)革命 urba ni zatio n 城市化 in dustrializatio n 工業(yè)化 developed country 發(fā)達國家 develop ing country 發(fā)展中國家 un developed country 落后國家 n itroge n dioxide 二氧化氮 carb on oxides 碳氮化物 sulfur oxides 硫氧化物 n itroge n oxides 氮氧化物 hydrocarbons碳氫化合物 photochem

5、ical oxida nts 光化學(xué)氧化物 particulates 顆粒物 inorganic compound 無機化合物 organic compound有機化合物 radioactive substa nee 放射性物質(zhì) heat熱 noise 噪聲 suspe nded solids (SS ) )固體懸浮物 volatile suspe nded solids (VSS) 揮發(fā)性 懸浮固體顆粒 orga nic matter 有機物質(zhì) total orga nic carb on, TOC 總有機碳 chemical oxyge n dema nd, COD 化學(xué)需氧量 bioch

6、emical oxyge n dema nd, BOD 生化需 氧量 biodegradable 可微生物分解的 chlori nati on 氯化消毒 prechlori nati on 氧消毒 aerati on softe ning 軟化 carb on活性炭 adsorptio n 吸附 osmosis反滲透淀 filtrati on 過濾 disi nfectio n 消毒 microbial degradati on 微生物降解 biological degradati on 生化降解 biofilm process 生物膜法 activated sludge process 活性

7、污泥法 attached-growth 吸著生長 suspended-growth 懸浮生長 shock load ing 沖擊負荷 orga nic loadi ng 有機負荷 desali nati on 脫鹽處理 mixed liquor suspe nded solids 混合液懸 浮固體 metabolize 使代謝化 metabolism新陳代謝 dissolved oxyge n 溶解氧 pretreatme nt process 預(yù)處理工藝 primary clarifier 初沉池 equalizati on bas in 均質(zhì)池凝聚 沉 預(yù)加氯 ozon ati on 曝氣

8、 activated reverse 精心整理 biological treatme nt process -藝 aerati on bas in 曝氣池 sec on dary clarifier biomass生物質(zhì) solid waste 固體廢 物 municipal城市化 in dustrial Lan dfilli ng 生物處理工 二沉池 agricultural 的 hazardous 危險的 reside ntial 住宅的 incin erati on: 農(nóng)業(yè) compacti on:壓實， san itary Ian dfill 垃圾 mun icipal waste e

9、n ergy recovery 工業(yè)的 土地填埋 緊湊 衛(wèi)生填埋 bala nee 剩下的, heterotrophic bacteria 異養(yǎng)菌 autotrophic bacteria 自養(yǎng)菌 hydraulic retention time (HRT) 留時間 sludge reside nee time (SRT) commercial 商業(yè)的 putrescibl e e 易腐爛 的 combustible 易燃的 焚燒 compost ing: 水力停 污泥停留時間 flammable可燃的 explosive 易爆的 radioactive 放射性 的 堆肥 余額，結(jié)余 batc

10、h-fed 分批投料 refus 城市垃圾 能量回收 perform:執(zhí)行 shut dow n: 關(guān)閉 in complete combustio n an aerobic厭氧硝化 中英互譯短語 Biological degradatio n aerati on bas in 曝氣池 sludge blocs 污泥絮體 dissolved oxyge n 溶解氧 suspended-growth 懸浮生長 biofilm 生物膜 well-compacted Ian dfill mass-burning大量燃燒 fluidized fed in carcerati on 溫室效應(yīng) green

11、house effect world carb on budget 天氣自然波動 natural fluctuations 腐爛 Putrefied 甲烷 methane climatic model 正常濃度：normal concentration determining factor 光化學(xué)氧化物：photochemical oxidants sulfur-co ntai ning 放射性物質(zhì)：radioactiue substanee oxidati on 濕式氧化 不完全燃燒 生化降解 combustion 燃燒 volume reduction 體積縮小 equalizati on

12、 bas in settli ng tank pulverized refuse 沉淀池 調(diào)節(jié)池 垃圾破碎 壓實填埋場 nu trie nt source 營養(yǎng)源 硫化床燃燒法 soil con diti oners 由 co2co2 引起的 caust by CO2 全球變暖 global warming 臭氧層 ozone layer 嚴重污染物：heavily polluted 土壤改良劑 世界碳預(yù)算the 厭氧的an aerobic 氣候模型 決定因素： 液體微滴：liquid particulates 汽車尾氣:automobile exhaust wet 1 1、 Environm

13、ent is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that 含硫的： which we can see, hear, touch, smell, and taste . 環(huán)境是我們周圍的物理和生物環(huán) 境，我們可以看到、聽到、接觸到、聞到和品嘗到的。 2、 Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that

14、 can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of humansor other living organisms污染可以定義為大氣、水或者土壤在物理、化學(xué)或者生物方面的特征所產(chǎn)生的不愉快的變化，它 對人類的健康、生存和活動或者其他的有機體都產(chǎn)生了有害的影響 。 精心整理 3、 Two examples of i nteractio n betwee n systems that cause major en vir onmen tal disturba nces are prese nted-the buildup of

15、atmospheric carb on dioxide, a global problem, and the acid rai n problem, no rmally of regional nature目前大氣中二氧化碳的增多，是一個全球性的問題，還有酸雨問題，一般來說它都具有一定的區(qū)域 特性，這就是兩個關(guān)于系統(tǒng)之間的相互聯(lián)系而產(chǎn)生重大環(huán)境問題的例子。 4、 With these improveme nts, however, have come disturb ing side effects, such as lost arable land, disappearing forests

16、, environmental pollution, and new orga ni sms resista nt to con trols. 經(jīng)過這些進步，盡管還是有一些破壞性的影響，例如耕地、森林的消失，環(huán)境的污染和新的生物反抗的控制 5、 Both phe nomena, urba ni zati on and in dustrializati on, were and are fun dame ntal causes of water and air polluti on which the cities of that time were unable to handle. 城市化和

17、工業(yè)化兩者的現(xiàn)象，是 過去和現(xiàn)在水污染和大氣污染的根本 原因，在過去這些城市是處理不了的 6、 Rapid adva nces in tech no logy for the treatme nt of water and the partial treatment of wastewater took place in the developed countries over the next few decades.在接下來的幾十年理發(fā)達國家，在水治理和部分廢水治理技術(shù)方面都取得了快速的進展 。 1、 What Is Air Pollution? Air pollution is norm

18、ally defined as air that contains one or more chemicals in high eno ugh concen tratio ns to harm huma ns, other animals, vegetation or materials. There are two major types of air pollutants .A primary air pollutant is a chemical added directly to the air that occurs in a harmful concen trati on. It

19、can be a n atural air comp onent, such as carb on dioxide, that rises above its no rmal concen trati on, or somethi ng not usually found in the air, such as a lead compo un demitted by cars bur ning leaded gasoli ne. A sec on dary air polluta nt is a harmful chemical formed in the atmosphere through

20、 a chemical reaction among air components. Serious air pollution usually results over a city or other area that is emitting high levels of pollutants during a period of air stagnation. The geographic location of someheavily populated cities, such as Los An geles and Mexico City, makes them particula

21、rly susceptible to freque nt air stag nati on and polluti on buildup 什么是大氣污染？大氣污染一般定義為 含有一種或多種濃度足夠高得而且對人類、其他動物、植物或者物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生有害影響的物質(zhì)，有兩種主要類型的大氣污染，一次 大氣污染是一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)直接排放到大氣中并達到一定的有害濃度，他可以是空氣仲的自然組分，例如二氧化碳，當(dāng)它的濃度 升高到超過它的正常值時，或者一些平常在大氣中找不到的組分，例如汽車燃燒含鉛汽油而導(dǎo)致大氣中散發(fā)岀一些化合物。二 精心整理 次大氣污染物是指在大氣中通入現(xiàn)有組分間發(fā)生的化學(xué)反應(yīng)而產(chǎn)生的一種有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

22、嚴重的大氣污染通常是在靜風(fēng)條件下 經(jīng)過一段時間后結(jié)果一個城市或其他地區(qū)的大氣中有高濃度的污染物。 一些人口非常稠密的城市的地理位置， 例如洛杉磯和墨 西哥的地理位置，使得它們經(jīng)常特別易受空氣流動停滯和污積物的增加的影響。 1 1、 The most severe consequenee of CO2induced global warming would be melting of the polar ice caps and he subsequent rise of ocean levels and inundation of coastal plai ns. 二氧化碳導(dǎo)致全球變暖最嚴重的

23、后果將會是兩極冰塊的融化和海平面的上升以及沿海地區(qū)洪 水的泛濫。 2、 Although global warming from the already elevate levels of atmospheric CO2has been predicted by most climatic models, such a warming has not been empirically observed. 雖然全球氣候變暖已經(jīng)是通過大氣仲 CO2的濃度升高而被許多氣候模型而預(yù)測得到，如 此的一種變暖還沒有以經(jīng)驗為主地觀察 3 3、 Although they indicate trends in

24、 average surface temperatures and climate, they unfortun ately coin cide with in creased in dustrializatio n and polluti on 雖然他們指出表面溫度和氣候的平均趨勢，但是他們不幸地與工業(yè)化增加和污染相一致 4 4、 High biomass systems: Manycurrent approaches to high biomass system employ a comb in ati on of fixed film suspe nded biomass in the

25、process. High biomass systems have gained a certa in popularity in Europe. During the past few years, a number of investigations undertaken in the Federal Republic of Germa ny have bee n reported. AmonQhe adva ntages attributed to such systems have been improvements in nitrification performanee, slu

26、dge settleability, and efflue nt quality. 高生物質(zhì)系統(tǒng)：現(xiàn)在很多應(yīng)用在高生物質(zhì)系統(tǒng)的方法是生物質(zhì)固定膜上的組合工藝法。 高生物質(zhì)系統(tǒng)在歐洲得到了廣泛的普及，在過去的幾年里，由德國聯(lián)邦政府著手的大量調(diào)查研究都被報道，在這樣的優(yōu)勢歸因 于系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)改善了硝化性能，污泥的沉降性和岀水水質(zhì) 5、 Reas ons for select ing high biomass systems over con structi on of additi onal aeratio n tanks and clarifiers(or other sec on dary tre

27、atme nt process) in clude reduced space requireme nts, in creased process stability, and capital/operat ing cost sav in gs. 選擇高生物質(zhì)系統(tǒng)的原因是在傳統(tǒng)的曝氣池和澄清池或者其他 二次處理工藝的構(gòu)筑物中都有減少空間的需要，增加工藝的穩(wěn)定性能和節(jié)省操作費用 6 6、 High biomass systems call for installation of supplemental equipment over that contained in a conven ti o

28、nal activated sludge pla nt, More in stalled equipme nt gen erally implies more maintenan ce, and, to some exte nt, this is true for someof the systems. In addition, the presenee of both suspended and fixed biomass forms and higher biomass concentrations may require a certa in level of additi onal o

29、perator time to achieve optimum system performanee.高生物質(zhì)系統(tǒng)需要安裝輔助設(shè)精心整理 備在那些常規(guī)的活性污泥廠里面，很多安裝的設(shè)備一般需要較多的維修費 用，在某些程度上，對于一些系統(tǒng)來說這是真的，除此之外，現(xiàn)場的懸浮和固定的生物質(zhì)的形式和高生物質(zhì)濃度都需要一個合 適程度的額外操作時間來達到最佳的系統(tǒng)性能。 7 7、 The presenee of inert support media and higher biomass concentrations in these systems can in crease overall power

30、con sumpti on. To achieve desired mixi ng patter ns in retrofitted aerati on tan ks, power in put may have to be in creased. Also, the prese nee of additi onal biomass in creases system oxyge n requireme nts which, in turn, requires additi onal power in put. I n additi on, high biomass systems gen e

31、rally yield higher levels of nitrification, which also can affect overall power consumption. Such factors should be addressed whe n an alyz ing operati ng costs. 這些系統(tǒng)的惰性支 持介質(zhì)和較高的生物量集中的岀現(xiàn)能增加全部的耗電量。 為了達到在曝氣池改進理想混合模型，使輸入有力量可能必須被增加。 同時另外生物量的岀現(xiàn)增加系統(tǒng)氧需求，依次需要額外的電源輸入。除此之外，高生物質(zhì)系統(tǒng)一般達到較高的硝化水平，也能 影響全部的耗電量。當(dāng)分析操作費用的時候，如此的因素應(yīng)該被提到。 英譯中 1、 Typical waste gen erati on facilities, activities, or locatio ns associated with each of these sources are prese nted in Tablei. The types of wastes gen erated, which are discussed n ext, are also ide ntified. 固體廢 棄物的來源與設(shè)備、活動和土地有關(guān)的每一個這些來源在 Table