初中英語閱讀理解專項技巧

1、閱讀理解題型猜測詞義題 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 主旨?xì)w納題 推理判斷題 v閱讀能力課標(biāo)要求：閱讀能力課標(biāo)要求：v1 1、能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解生詞、能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義。的含義。v2 2、能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。、能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。v3 3、能找出文章中的主題，理解故事的情節(jié)、能找出文章中的主題，理解故事的情節(jié)，預(yù)測故事清潔的發(fā)展和可能的結(jié)局，預(yù)測故事清潔的發(fā)展和可能的結(jié)局。v4 4、能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運用簡單的閱讀、能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息策略獲取信息 123閱讀技巧快速閱讀短文，通讀測試題。快速閱讀短文，通讀測試題。認(rèn)真逐題

2、作答。認(rèn)真逐題作答。 仔細(xì)校對所選答案。仔細(xì)校對所選答案。 有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對文中某個詞語、有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實進(jìn)行某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可提問，所提問題一般可直接直接或或間接間接在文章中找到答案。提問的特殊疑在文章中找到答案。提問的特殊疑問詞常有：問詞常有：what, who, which, what, who, which, where, how, whywhere, how, why 等。中考閱讀理等。中考閱讀理解的題解的題大部分大部分是這樣的題型，答案是這樣的題型，答案基本能在原文中找到，答題時需要基本能在原文中找到，答題

3、時需要注意注意關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)鍵句、關(guān)鍵段落關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)鍵句、關(guān)鍵段落。howwherewhat細(xì)節(jié)理解題 whenwhowhy細(xì)節(jié)理解題 In the book, a sailor named Captain Ahab spends a lot of time trying to find and kill enormous white whale named Moby Dick.范例范例(2014青島中考青島中考)【解析】選C。事實細(xì)節(jié)題。33.Moby Dick is_.a story written by Heman Melville a sailor the name of a white

4、whale A. a famous dinosaur _主旨?xì)w納題 議論文和說明文議論文和說明文的主的主題句經(jīng)常在開頭或結(jié)尾。題句經(jīng)常在開頭或結(jié)尾。記敘文記敘文往往沒有主題句，往往沒有主題句，需要在讀懂全文、體會需要在讀懂全文、體會作者用意的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行作者用意的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行概括。概括。中考閱讀理解這樣的題中考閱讀理解這樣的題有有兩至三題兩至三題。 主旨?xì)w納題 2012年青島中考150. The main idea of this article is about_.230.What is the story mainly about?2013年青島中考335. The passage is ma

5、inly about _.2014年青島中考猜測詞義題 該題型考查通過該題型考查通過上下文判斷詞義的能上下文判斷詞義的能力。詞義題的考查有力。詞義題的考查有兩種兩種: 超綱詞含義超綱詞含義的的推斷和推斷和熟詞生義熟詞生義的推的推斷。中考通常有斷。中考通常有一至一至兩題兩題這樣的題型。這樣的題型。根據(jù)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折、因果轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系猜測詞義關(guān)系猜測詞義 通過通過同義詞同義詞和和反義詞反義詞的關(guān)系及構(gòu)詞法的關(guān)系及構(gòu)詞法通過通過定義定義或或釋義描述關(guān)系釋義描述關(guān)系來推測詞義來推測詞義根據(jù)根據(jù)上下文上下文的意思來猜測的意思來猜測 范例范例(2013青島中考青島中考) 原文：Sam was a fiftee

6、n-year-old boy living with his little sister, Julie. Their parents passed away long ago. Sam had taken care of Julie by himself 考題：28.“Their parents passed away long ago” means “ Their parents _ long ago.”A. died B. went on C. left home D. passed by根據(jù)上下文的意思來猜測答案根據(jù)上下文的意思來猜測答案 一、根據(jù)上下文意思猜測詞義 猜測詞義 _A二、通

7、過定義或釋義描述關(guān)系來推測詞義 對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標(biāo)點表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標(biāo)點符號引出并加以解釋說明。符號引出并加以解釋說明。 The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是是一種生活

8、在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。猜測詞義 _三、通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞 同義法 常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測。反義法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊~與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。猜測詞義 He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)根據(jù)not at all.handsome我們不難推測我們不難推測出出homel

9、y的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。思。 猜測詞義 _ developdevelopment，statestatement，argueargumenthappyunhappy，fairunfair，importantunimportantvisitvisitor，workworker，waitwaiter前綴前綴un-表反義詞表反義詞后綴后綴-ment表名詞表名詞后綴后綴-er、-or表名詞表名詞四、通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞 猜測詞義 該題型考查通過文章表層信該題型考查通過文章表層信息推測其隱含信息的能力息推測其隱含信息的能力, 要求要求學(xué)生揣摩作者的意圖。雖不能在學(xué)生揣摩作者

10、的意圖。雖不能在原文中找答案原文中找答案, 但有間接的暗示但有間接的暗示和線索。中考這樣的題有和線索。中考這樣的題有一至兩一至兩題，很難得分。題，很難得分。推理判斷題 推理判斷題 范例范例(2013中考模擬題中考模擬題) . . . A news story is not only correct, but also relevant to its readers. People are mostly interested in news that happens near to them. That is why you care more about what happens at you

11、r school than that at American schools. It is also why newspapers in Beijing dont talk about much news in Shanghai or Hong Kong. . . . 問題問題According to the writer, newspaper in Qingdao should talk about much news in .A. Qingdao B. Hong Kong C. Shanghai D. Beijing _A【解析解析】推理判斷題。文章介紹好的新聞稿件應(yīng)該與讀者生推理判斷題。

12、文章介紹好的新聞稿件應(yīng)該與讀者生活密切相關(guān)活密切相關(guān), 故青島人關(guān)心更多的應(yīng)該是青島的事。故選故青島人關(guān)心更多的應(yīng)該是青島的事。故選A。數(shù)字推算題 范例范例(2012中考模擬題中考模擬題) There are also some traditional festivals about dragons in China. Such as Dragon Head-Raising Day and Dragon Boat Festival. We have different kinds of activities to celebrate them. These two festivals come

13、 every year, but the Year of the Dragon comes every twelve years. . . . This year (2012)is the Year of the Dragon. Good luck to you! 問題問題Which of the following years is the Year of the Dragon? A. 1988 B. 1998 C. 2008 D. 2018 _ _ _【解析解析】數(shù)字推算題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句可知數(shù)字推算題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句可知2012年是龍年是龍年。年。12年是一個輪回年是一個輪回,

14、可計算出可計算出1988年是龍年。年是龍年。 Not only a popular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas donated to two men who needed them, which helped them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started to learn

15、 the piano at the age of 4, and she sang her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Competition and won the first prize.2015年中考英語閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)熱點素材拓展v1 She became well-known to the public after making a series of song

16、s for the hit TV drama “The Legend of Zhenhuan” in 2012, and the mandarin version (中文版本) of “Let It Go” from Disneys “Frozen”. In July 2013, she competed in The Voice of China II and finally got the second place in Na Yings team. She had won a lot of music awards before she was famous. Yao Beina was

17、 unfortunate to be diagnosed（診斷） with breast cancer (乳腺癌) and had a successful operation in 2011. Since then, she has fought against the disease for about four years while keeping singing, but sadly she failed. She originally thought of donating all of her organs (器官) to save others lives, but faile

18、d to do it because of her serious illness. 2015年中考英語閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)熱點素材拓展 Shes gone, even though she had never stopped struggling with cancer. Heaven just got another beautiful angel, with her beautiful voice and kindness.（ ）1. The word “corneas” in the passage probably means_. A. 眼角膜眼角膜 B. 器官器官 C. 心臟心臟 D. 腎

19、臟腎臟（ ）2.Yao was born in a _ family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. A. doctor B. farmer C. music D. worker（ ）3. How old was Yao Beina when she she competed in The Voice of China II and finally got the second place in Na Yings team. A. 23. B. 22. C. 32. D. 33. （ ）4. Which is TRUE about Yao Beina according

20、 to the passage?A. She started to play the piano at the age of 5. B. She had great voice and won a lot of awards in music.C. She was a weak and selfish girl.D. She won over the breast cancer in the end.（ ）5. Whats the passage mainly about?A. Yao Beinas family. B. Yao Beinas disease. C. Yao Beinas te

21、acher. D. Yao Beinas art achievements. 2015年中考英語閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)熱點素材拓展ACCDB【主旨大意主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文，主本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了姚貝娜的生平。姚貝娜出生要介紹了姚貝娜的生平。姚貝娜出生于音樂世家，四歲學(xué)鋼琴，九歲上臺于音樂世家，四歲學(xué)鋼琴，九歲上臺表演，榮獲過許多音樂獎項。表演，榮獲過許多音樂獎項。2012年為年為甄嬛傳甄嬛傳、冰雪奇緣冰雪奇緣等影等影視劇唱主題曲；視劇唱主題曲；2013年在年在“中國好中國好聲音聲音” 第二季中獲亞軍。不幸的是，第二季中獲亞軍。不幸的是，她得了乳腺癌，于她得了乳腺癌，于2015年年1月月16

22、日辭日辭世。姚貝娜生前曾打算捐贈全身器官，世。姚貝娜生前曾打算捐贈全身器官，由于病情惡化，全身器官感染，最后由于病情惡化，全身器官感染，最后眼角膜捐給了兩名眼疾患者。網(wǎng)友和眼角膜捐給了兩名眼疾患者。網(wǎng)友和粉絲稱她為粉絲稱她為“有美麗歌喉的善良天有美麗歌喉的善良天使使”。 Not only a popular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas donated to two men who needed them, which helped

23、them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started to learn the piano at the age of 4, and she sang her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Competition

24、and won the first prize.2015年中考英語閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)熱點素材拓展v1 _猜測詞義題 Not only a popular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas (眼角膜) donated to two men who needed them, which helped them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 2

25、6, 1981 in Wuhan. She started to learn the piano at the age of 4, and she sang her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Competition and won the first prize.2015年中考英語閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)熱點素材拓展v1細(xì)節(jié)理解題 Not only a popular sin

26、ger was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas (眼角膜) donated to two men who needed them, which helped them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started to learn the piano at the age of 4, and she san

27、g her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Competition and won the first prize.2015年中考英語閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)熱點素材拓展v1推理判斷題 Not only a popular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas (眼角膜) donated to two men who needed them, which helped them see the world clearly again. Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started to learn the piano at the age of 4, and she sang her first song on the stage