狀語從句用法詳解

1、1狀語從句用法詳解內(nèi)容提要:一、時間狀語從句二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句三、方式狀語從句四、程度狀語從句五、原因狀語從句六、結(jié)果狀語從句七、目的狀語從句八、條件狀語從句九、讓步狀語從句十、比較狀語從句一、時間狀語從句:1、時間狀語從句通常用下列從屬連詞來引導(dǎo)：after, before, as,on ce, till, un til, (ever) sin ce, whe n, whe never, while, now(that), as long as, as soon as。如：Now (that)youve grown up, you must stop this childishbehaviou

2、r.2Whe neverwe met with difficulties, they came to help us.Come and see us whenever you have time.People do not know the value of healthtill they lose it.2、有些詞，女口 immediately, directly, instantly 等，當(dāng)用于 as soon as意義時，也可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，如:I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.My sister ca

3、me directly she got my message.The machi ne will startin sta ntlyyou press the butt on.I l telephone youdirectly I hear the news.Will you look for it immediately you get there?3.某些表示時間的名詞詞組，如 the (very) mome nt ( = as soonas ), the minute ( = as soon as ), the instant ( = as soon as ), the day, they

4、ear, the morning, every time, each time, next time, the first time 等， 也可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，如：I l tell you about itthe moment you come.I started the in sta ntI heard the report.The in sta nt she saw him she knew he was her brother.Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.3Im going to see himn ext tim

5、e he comes to Shen zhe n.4He left Europe the year World War II broke out.He had impressed me that way the first time I met him.I started the very moment I got your letter.I l tell him the minute (that) he gets here.4.有些關(guān)聯(lián)從屬連詞，如 no soonerthan / hardly when /scarcely whe n / barelywhe n 等，也能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。

6、女口果把 no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely置于句首，它所連帶的這部分就要倒裝，如：She had no sooner heard the n ewstha n she fain ted.= No sooner had she heard the n ewstha n she fain ted.They had hardly started to workwhe nthe trouble began.= Hardly had they started to workwhe nthe trouble began.He had scarcely en tered

7、 the roomwhe n the pho ne rang.= Scarcely had he en tered the room whe n the pho ne rang.5二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句:1、地點(diǎn)狀語從句常用 where, wherever 來引導(dǎo)，如:We will stay where you stay. (where = in the place in which;where 既連接主句與從句，又在從句中作副詞修飾謂語stay。)I found my books where I left them.Wherever he happe ns to be, Joh n can ma

8、ke himself at home.He will work wherever the people n eed him.Let mego wherever (= to any place to which) they like (to go).2、有時，-where 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞也可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，如:Everywhere they went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed.Weilgoany where the Party directs us.6三、方式狀語從句:1、方式狀語從句通常由 as, as if, as thoug

9、h 來引導(dǎo)，如:You must do the exercises as I show you.Please do exactly as your doctor says.It looks as if it might snow / is going to snow.He acted as if / thoughnothing had happened.He walked as if he was / were drunk.Mary was behaving as though she hadn grown up.2、在非正式文體或口語中，也可用 the way (that) (= as =

10、in theway in which), how, like 等來引導(dǎo)，如:Jean doesn do it the way I do.She is doing her work the way I like it done.You can do the job howyou like.The Ian dlord was watch ing him like (= just as) a cat watches a mouse.Do you make bread like you make cakes?7like 作連詞的用法補(bǔ)充說明:1). Conjunction (informal)( 非正

11、式):in the sameway that; as同-樣，如likethey cha nge clothes.換國籍像換衣服一樣的人2). as though; as if好像，如同I felt like Id been kicked by a camel.我覺得好像被駱駝踢了似的。四、程度狀語從句：程度狀語從句可用 to such an extent that / to such a degree that ,tothe degree/ extent that, in so far as( 在的范圍內(nèi)”等來引導(dǎo)，如：The temperature rose to such an exten

12、t that the firemen had to leave thebur ning build ing.The temperature lowered to such a degree that the water froze.8試比較:The temperature rose so high that the firemen had to leave the9burning buildi ng.The temperature lowered so much that the water froze.從以上例句可以看出，程度狀語從句往往也表示達(dá)到某種程度時所引 出的結(jié)果，所以程度狀語從句和

13、結(jié)果狀語從句在意義上有相通之處。At that time politicianswere not known to the degree that theyare today.那時政治家們并不像今天這樣為人所知曉。Ill help you in so far as I ca n.我會盡我所能幫助你。五、原因狀語從句:1、引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句最常用的連詞是because, since, 和 as，所引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中 because 語 because 通常表示說話人認(rèn)為這種理由或原因是聽話人所不知道的，全句強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)在原因上，不在主句表示的結(jié)果上?；卮饂hy提出的問

14、題時，只能用 because;在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中也只能用 because 從 句，不能用 since, as 等，如：si nee 次之,as 又次之10Because I can see very well, I have to sit near the front.It was because he was illthat he didn go with us.It was because he was illthat he didn come. since 和 as 引導(dǎo)的句子，重點(diǎn)在主句的內(nèi)容，其原因或理由在說 話人看來已很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉，since 和 as 只是一種附 帶的說明

15、原因，不是對原因進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，如：As he is work ing hard, he is likely to succeed.Since he can a nswer the questi on, you better ask some one else.As / Since he was not at home, I spoke to his brother.Since you insist, I will reconsider the matter.As he was in a hurry, he left his bag at home. for 是并列連詞，它引導(dǎo)的句子只能后置。表示因

16、果關(guān)系時，可以和 because 換用；但當(dāng)它用于對主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷時, 不能用because 代替，如：He couldn have seen me, because / for I was not here.The gro und is wet, for / because it rained last ni ght.It rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning.11 because 之前可以加上 simply, only, just 等強(qiáng)調(diào)詞，如:You shouldn get angry just because

17、 some people speak ill of you.2、復(fù)合連詞也可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，這些連詞有：now (that),see ing (that), con sider ing (that), for the reas on that, by reason that, forfear that, that等，如：Now (that) (= Si nee)you men ti on it, I do remember.Now(that) he is absent, youll have to do the work by yourself.Now (=Sinee) the rain

18、has stopped, let start.Seeing (that) all the guests have arrived, let have dinner.She didn go for fear that she would get lost.He has done very well, eon sideri ng (that) he has no experie nee.I haven finished writing the report yet,not that (= notbecause) I dislike the work, but that (= but because

19、) I have not time.Con sideri ng that they are just beg inn ers, they are doing quite a goodjob.3、在“主語+ be +形容詞+ that ”句型中，主語通常是人，形容詞通常為：glad, happy, pleased, sorry等表示感情的形容詞，這時 that 可以看作原因狀語從句，如：12harvest.I m glad (that)you are all right.Weare sure thatour team will win.Im pleased thatyou have decide

20、d to come.六、結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句往往放在主句之后， 通常主句是因，從句是果，這和原因狀語從句剛好相反，例如：He was ill, so that he did n come.He didn come because he was ill.1、結(jié)果狀語從句通常用下列連詞引導(dǎo)：sothat, such (a)that,such that, so that, that等，例如：He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word.We are glad that (= because)we have reaped a

21、no ther bumper13The book is written in such simple Englishthat we beginnerscan understand it without much difficulty.It was such a bad accidentthat several people got injured.His dilige nee was such that he made great progress.He didn plan his time well, so that he didn finish the work in time.She w

22、orried so that she could hardly eat her supper.What have I done that you should be so angry with me?2、應(yīng)注意的幾個問題：1在非正式文體中，由 sothat, such (a)that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，往往可以省略連詞 that，這時，從句之前往往用逗號與主 句隔開，在口語中則用停頓表示省略。He was so tired (,) (that)he could hardly sta nd.Peter is such a good boy (,) (that) he is loved by e

23、verybody.You walk so fast (that) I can keep pace with you.We left in such a hurry (that) we forgot to lock the door.He was so rude (that) she refused to speak to him.2當(dāng) so 修飾動詞時，后面應(yīng)稍停頓，如：His heart beat soAthat he could hardly breathe.She worried soAthat she could hardly eat her supper.143當(dāng) so 位于句首時，

24、主句的語序應(yīng)倒裝，如:So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital.So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.15七、目的狀語從句1、目的狀語從句通常使用的連詞有： so that, in order that, that,so。否定的句式常用 lest, in case, for fear that來引導(dǎo)。目的狀語從句中一般要有 can, may, could, might, will, would, should 等情態(tài)動詞，如：Bri ng it closer(s

25、o) that I may see it better.I put dow n his address for fear that I should forget it.The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can / may un derstand well.Well sit nearer the frontso we can hear better.( 非正式或口語)16The driver looked over the engine carefully gowrong on the way.Please remi nd

26、me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.Take an umbrella with you, in case (= for fear that)it rains/ it may rain / it should rain.He left early in case he should miss the train.2、so that / so 既可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從 句，其區(qū)別可以根據(jù)上下文的意義來判斷，也可以從其結(jié)構(gòu)上來判斷1凡在講話時，so that / so 從句之前有停頓，在文字中 so that / so 從句之前有逗號

27、，則為結(jié)果狀語從句，否則為目的狀語從句，如：Weall arrived at eight, so (that) the meeting began promptly.(結(jié)果狀語從句)Wellcome at eight so (that) the meet ing can begi n early.( 目的狀語從句)2有時，由 so that 或 so 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句之前并沒有逗號， 這時，就要看從句中有沒有 can, may, could, might, will, would, should 等情態(tài)動詞，如果有，多半是目的狀語從句，如果沒有，多 半是結(jié)果狀語從句，如：lest it (s

28、hould)17I am going to the lecture early(目的狀語從句)I went to the lecture earlyso that I got a good seat.( 結(jié)果狀語從句)3目的狀語從句可以移至句首，而結(jié)果狀語從句不能前移，如:So that he could be heard in every room, John spoke through amicrophone.(目的狀語從句)Joh n spoke through a microph one so that he was heard in everyroom.(結(jié)果狀語從句)八、條件狀語從

29、句1、條件狀語從句通常用下列連詞引導(dǎo)：if, unless, supposing (that) (僅在問句中使用)，suppose (that), in case, so / as long as,so far as, on con diti on (that), provided (that)等，例如：In case he comes, let me know.so that I get a good seat.18You can go out, as / so long as you promise to be back before eleve pletely.I willcome ag

30、ain tomorrow provided (that)I have time. (= if)Suppos ing (that)it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? (= if)Unless you tellhim yourself,helllose faith in you19Wlet you use the roomon con diti on that / provided thatyou keep it clean and tidy.2、有時可以把祈使句作為條件從句，祈使句后面要搭配and,如:Come tomorrow, and I will te

31、ll you.(=If you come tomorrow, I will tell you.)Give him an inch and he take amile.(=If you give him an in ch, he注：當(dāng)表示否定的條件時，可用連詞or 或 otherwise ，女口:Hurry up, or (else) you be late.Make up your mind, or you miss the cha nee.Start at once,or / otherwise you miss the train.(=If you dont start at once,

32、you miss the train.)(= Uni ess you start at on ce, you miss the train.)3、if only 是 if 的強(qiáng)調(diào)式，通常表示說話人強(qiáng)烈的愿望，但愿，真 希望”如：If only it clears up, we go.If only somebody had told us, we could have warned you.take a mile.)20如果有人告訴了我們，我們就會讓你提防的。注：if only 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句有時可以不依附于主句而獨(dú)立存在，表 示說話人的希望、愿望或遺憾等心情，如：If onlyhe come

33、s in time. (= I hope he will come in time.)If onlyhe didn drive so fast. (= I wish he didndrive sofast.)If only I hadn been late for work.(=I wish I had n bee n late for work.)4、在真實(shí)條件句中，從句動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間，主 句通常帶有情態(tài)動詞，如：If you move I l shoot you.If I press this butt on, what will happe n?If you come

34、you can see it.If you finish early, you maygo.注 當(dāng)從句表示將來已經(jīng)完成或正在進(jìn)行的動作時，動詞用現(xiàn)在完 成時或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，如：I will retur n the book on Mon dayif I have read it .The police won take your car away if you are sitting in it.21注 如果從句表示現(xiàn)在的意圖、意愿、決心等，則可以用will /22shall ,如：If you will read the book, Illet you have it.If you will

35、help me, we can finish by six.If you will give up smoking / drinking, your health will improve.5、有一種條件句，其從句動詞不管主語的人稱和數(shù)如何，一律用“ should +不定式”，主句動詞可根據(jù)意義需要米取不同形式，如:If he should hear of your marriage, he would be surprised.If you should hear the n ews, please let us know.If you should be in terested, Il t

36、ell you the whole story.If it should rai n , we had better stay in doors.If he should come tomorrow, I would tell him everyth ing.注：在正式文體中，可用 should I (we, you etc) 代替 If I (we, you etc.)should ，如：Should I be free tomorrow, I will come.Should you see Mike, will you ask him to ring me up?Should you s

37、ee my mother, tell her I am quite well.6、非真實(shí)條件句：1當(dāng)從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件時，從句動詞用一般過去時或23were 型虛擬式，主句動詞用 would / should / could / might +不定式，如：If I were you, I should con suit a doctor.If I lived in the twenty-first century, my life might be differe nt in a nu mberof ways.2當(dāng)從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的條件時，從句動詞用過去完成時，主句動詞用 wo

38、uld / should / could / might + 不定式完成式，如:If he had tried hard last term, he would have succeeded .If he had take nhis doctor advice, he might not have died3當(dāng)從句表示將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件時，從句動詞用一般過去時或 were / was to + 不定式，主句動詞用 would / should / could / might +不定式，如：What would you do if it snowedtomorrow?He would n d

39、o ituni ess you were to order him to.4在正式文體中可用“ were +主語”等倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)代替“ if +主語+were”等結(jié)構(gòu)；“ had +主語+ ed 分詞”代替“ if +主語+ had + ed 分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，如：Were I in your place, I would be very worried.Were Joh n to go to the uni versity, he would have to work hard.24Hadthe captain been more careful,his ship would not have bee

40、nsunk.Hadit not bee n for the expe nse, I7、uni ess 與 if not 的用法比較：If you do n start at once, you will miss the train.Uni ess you start at on ce, you will miss the train.uni ess 在意義上相當(dāng)于 ifnot ，在有些場合兩者可以交替使 用，但在有些場合又不可以互換，以下是不可互換的情況:1當(dāng) ifnot 引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件狀語從句時，一般不可以改用 unless，例如：If she werent so silly, she w

41、ould understand.（事實(shí)上她很傻，改成 Un less she were so silly含義為她不傻）If I hadn stopped her, she would have jumped into the river.（事實(shí)上我阻止了她，改成 Un less I had stopped her含義為我沒有阻止她。）2un less 表示除外的唯一條件，因此通常不能用and 連接兩個unless 從句，而 ifnot 則不受此限，如：She won lose weightif she does not keep a diet and if sheshould have gon

42、e to Italy.25does not take exercises every day.Shewon lose weight uni ess she keeps a diet and takes exercisesevery day.(不說：uni ess she keeps a diet and uni ess she takes exercises everyday.)3unless 從句中可用否定詞，而 if not 從句中不可再加否定 詞，因此在 unless 引導(dǎo)的否定從句中，不可用 if not 代替 uni ess ，如：I will gouni ess no one el

43、se does.I will go if no one else does nXDonask me to expla in uni ess you really donu ndersta nd.Donask me to expla in if you really not donu ndersta nd.X4在 ifnot 從句中通常用非肯定詞，而在 unless 引導(dǎo)的肯定形 式的條件從句中，通常用肯定詞，而不用非肯定詞，如：I will be very angryif you haven spoken to her yet.I will be very angryuni ess you h

44、ave already spoke n to her.九、讓步狀語從句1.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的主要連詞有although, though, as, even26though / if 等。He is unhappy though he has a lot of money.雖然他很有錢，但他不快樂。They will stand by youeven if you fail.即使你沒成功，他們也會支持你注意：although/though 不可與 but 連用，但可與 yet, still 等連用。例如。Though it was raining hard, yet they went on p

45、laying football.雖然雨下得很大，但他們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)踢足球。2. as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，需倒裝，從句中的表語和狀語或動詞原 形要置于句首；though 引導(dǎo)時，倒裝或不倒裝皆可。如表語是名詞, 不可加冠詞；若動詞原形前置，從句要有 may 或 might。例如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.盡管是個孩子，他卻懂得很多Try as he might, he could not find a job.不管怎么努力，他還是找不到工作。3. when 和 while 也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然”。例如:While they are my n eighbors, I do not know them well.27雖然他們是我的鄰居，但我并不很熟悉他們。4. whetheror可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為：不管是.還是不論是否。例如：28You will have to attend