必修四Unit1Womenofachievement語法導學案

1、必修四 Unit1 Women of achievement 語法導學案主謂一致 SubjectVerb AgreementTeaching aims:Enable the students to grasp “Subject V Agreement”概念引入：I am a teacher She often does her homework in the morning. There is only one box on the table. There are 50 students in our class.語法講解：什么是主謂一致？ 1） 語法形式上要一致，即單復數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。

2、2） 意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復數(shù)要與謂語的單復數(shù)形式一致。3） 就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)用動詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)用動詞復數(shù)。 在英語的句子中，謂語動詞的形式應與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如何判定，則要看句子的意思。多數(shù)情況下，根據(jù)句子的主語形式就能判定，但有的則要看整句的意思，及強調(diào)的內(nèi)容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。 比如:He are a teacher. I is a student.分類講解一、語法一致原則1、單數(shù)主語，不定式，動名詞或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)A student is studyin

3、g English. Serving the people is my great happiness. When we deliver the goods hasnt been decided. When and where we will go hasnt been decided.但當what引導的句子做主語，若后面是 “be +名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語隨名詞變化。 What you did is right. What you need are these dictionaries.2、 復數(shù)名詞、代詞作主語，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式 All the students _clever. Th

4、ey _English very much. 3、 用and或bothand 連接的單數(shù)名詞、代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語及主語從句 作主語謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 1). Both my father and my mother _farmers. 2). What I think and what I do _been fairly in disagreement. 注意:(1)當and連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前有each，every, no或者many a 等限定詞時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。 1). Each student and each teacher _been given a task

5、. 2). Every flower and every bush _to be cut down. (2)當主語由and連結(jié)時，如果表示同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，此時and后面的名詞無冠詞。 1).The worker and writer _(be) from Wuhan. 2). The worker and the writer _(be) from Beijing. 4、不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, no

6、thing等作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式; Something _ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch. Anybody who _ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. 5、 each of/either of./one of謂語動詞用單數(shù).none of/neither of可單可復，根據(jù)說話人的意思決定；*但代表不可數(shù)名詞時，用單數(shù) 1) Each of the students _a book. 2) None of us _perfect. 3) Neither of them _the ans

7、wer. 4) None of this _me. None of this money _mine. *neither作形容詞時與單數(shù)名詞連用，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Neither statement _true. 6、“many a +單數(shù)名詞 more than one+單數(shù)名詞 one and a half +復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)1.) many a foreigner_ been to the Great Wall. 2.)More than one student_ turned up at the meeting. 3.) One and a half bananas _e

8、aten by the boy. 7. Some /a lot of /half of./the rest of./part of/plenty of/分數(shù)（%）+ofthe majority of + 名詞”等作主語，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于of后的名詞或代詞的單復數(shù)形式。1). Two-thirds of the students _from countryside. 2). Ninety percent of the work _ been done. 8. 定語從句中的主謂一致。 1)與先行詞一致。定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞who, that, which 時，從句謂語動詞應與先行詞保持一

9、致。 I, who _your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you.(am)2) .which/as代替一句話內(nèi)容,謂語動詞用單數(shù) As _known, I am beautiful. 3) one of +復數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句,從句中的謂語用復數(shù)形式; the only/exact one of+復數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句,從句中的謂語用單數(shù)形式。 Tom is one of the students who_ good at playing football. Tom is the only one of the student

10、s who_ good at playing football. 2、 意義一致原則：9. 集體名詞family, audience, crew, club, class, company, committee, party, crowd group, army, government, the public等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)形式；如果指集體中的各個成員，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 The group _ made up of nine students. The group_ dancing happily. 注意1：集合名詞cattle, clothes, people

11、, the police表示復數(shù)意義謂語動詞永遠復數(shù).people 民族（可數(shù)名詞，peoples) The Chinese people _a brave people Chinese people_ making our country richer and richer. 2. Population The population of China _over 1.3 billion and 80% of the population_ farmers 10.表示時間、距離、金錢，度量衡等復數(shù)名詞作主語，表達一個整體概念時,謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式Two years _ passed sinc

12、e I left NingboOne million dollars _ a great sum of money. 11. 有些名詞如：fish, deer, sheep, means, works, species, 等用作單數(shù)或復數(shù)均可，謂語動詞 隨其含義而定。1 This glass works _built in 1978. 2 Two steel works_ east of the city. 3 Every means_ been tried. 4 Many species _ died out. 12. 學科名詞，或 以-ics結(jié)尾的學科名稱作主語時，如physics, ma

13、thematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics. statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 謂語動詞通常用作單數(shù)。 Physics _a fundamental subject in science. 13. 成雙成對出現(xiàn)的復數(shù)名詞如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors 等作主語時，謂語通常用復數(shù)，*但如果前有a/the pair of, a/the suit of等詞語修飾時，謂語動詞與pai

14、r, suit等一致，用單數(shù) 1) My trousers _very nice. 2)A pair of shoes_under the bed. 14. 主語是疑問代詞who, what, which,不定代詞all, more, most, any, none等以及名詞half, part, the rest等既可表示復數(shù)意義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語視它們所代指的名詞而定。 1). Which _more valuable, health or wealth? 2).Which_ prettier, these or those? 3). we had some paper, but t

15、he rest _put back. 15. theadj.作主語,theadj.,表示一類人，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等,the+ adj.,表示某個人或一類抽象的事物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如the beautiful, the good等1).The old _ taken good care of in our society. 2).The rich _ for the decision but the poor _against it. 3). The wounded _ a young boy. 4). The be

16、autiful _not always the same as the good. 16. a/this/that + kind of +名詞（單數(shù)或復數(shù)）作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果主語是kinds（types) of+名詞或復數(shù)名詞of+ a ( this, that）kind時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。即 kind(s) of +n.,謂語與kind一致 n+ of this kind 謂語與名詞一致 The kind of apples _ well.(sell) Men of this kind _ dangerous . 注意 : 由kind, form, type, species

17、, series 等修飾的主語，其謂語形式取決于這些詞的單復數(shù)，而不是他們后面所跟的名詞1). This new type of machine_ now on show. 2). Some new forms of art _discussed at the meeting. 17. 主語是a large/small quantity of +名詞（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果是“l(fā)arge (great) quantifies of +名詞（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）”時，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)。也就是說謂語動詞隨quantity單復數(shù)而定 There _a large quantity of mil

18、k/apples on the farm Large quantities of water /coal/bricks _needed here 18. a number of （a group of , a variety of)+名詞復數(shù)作主語時謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；The number of(the variety of.) +名詞復數(shù)謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 A number of workers _out of work. The number of the students in our school _eight thousand. 19. 兩數(shù)相減或相除,謂語動詞用單數(shù)；兩數(shù)相加或相

19、乘，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復數(shù)。 Sixty minus seventeen _forty-three. (leave) Six and eight _fourteen. (make)20. 若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 “The Arabian Nights”_ an interesting story-book. The United states _on the south of Canada. 21.名詞性物主代詞作主語，謂語動詞根據(jù)指代對象而定 Your shoes are white; Mine _ black. His coat _yellow; Hers_ red. 三. 就近一致原則謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定于最靠近它的詞語。22. 由or, nor, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，隨后的動詞 形式通常按照“就近原則”處理。1.You or she _good at English