彈性思維案例

1、Foundations in the Material Environments of Aging 老齡人物質(zhì)環(huán)境基礎Chapter 4: Supporting the Elastic Mind 第四章:支持彈性思維Dr Megan StrickfadenDepartment of Human EcologyUniversity of AlbertaforYunshi International Education Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd.CASE STUDY: Brain GamesMr. and Mrs. Zhao live independently i

2、n a lavish city apartment. Mr. Zhao was working at a local import company as a top administrator up until very recently when he suddenly had a stroke. Mrs. Zhao has been a homemaker for many years. She was totally shocked when her husband had a stroke: he had always been very strong. Fortunately Mr.

3、 Zhaos stroke was not considered too severe. Even so, Mrs. Zhao noticed that the weakness in his left side had minor affects to his ability to eat, bathe, dress, walk and he has a slight limp, all of which the therapists say can be improved if he is dedicated to his physical therapy. What is most co

4、ncerning, however, is Mr. Zhaos verbal skills and ability to make decisions. Simple things are easily muddled and sometimes Mr. Zhao even yells at his wife when she doesnt seem to understand him. From Mr. Zhaos standpoint, he believes he is saying the correct word when in fact he is often saying som

5、ething else. For example, Mr. Zhao wished to go to the park for a walk and he kept calling it the university. Even though the words dont sound remotely similar, the stroke has caused Mr. Zhaos brain to get confused in ways that are based on subjective past experiences that seem completely illogical

6、to bystanders. Doctors say that Mr. Zhaos linguistic aphasia and critical thinking abilities will improve in time if he practices, through playing various games. The trouble is that Mr. Zhao has been a businessman for many years and is used to working efficiently, making his own decisions and is not

7、 used to the idea of playing games.As a dedicated wife, Mrs. Zhao knows that she needs to support her husband through stroke recovery. She is an intelligent lady who is well-educated and well-read. In fact, when her husband went to hospital and she knew that he had a stroke she immediately began to

8、read literature about stroke recovery. Mrs. Zhao discovered that the first three months is the most crucial time frame in order to recover as fully as possible from the brain incident. She also looked into ways in which the brain can be retrained after a stroke. As such, Mrs. Zhao decided to trick h

9、er husband into rehabilitating his brain. She could see that physical therapy was straightforward for him because he was perfectly willing to do all the physical exercises prescribed by the therapists, but the games were another thing. Initially Mrs. Zhao was concerned. She tried to get her husband

10、to play cards, board games, word puzzles and more but to no avail. He simply yelled at her telling her he is not a child and pushed the games to the floor. Mrs. Zhao decided to sleep on her little problem to help her husband, perhaps in the morning she would come to a good solution. When Mrs. Zhao a

11、woke in the morning, she realized what she needed to do. Although the doctor had not given specific brain exercises beyond games to play, she had read about different ways to help build or rebuild pathways in the brain. She began by using a series of techniques with her husband that she called: perf

12、orm, switch, flex and change. Perform involved exposing her husband to more than one sensory stimulation at a time. One way Mrs. Zhao did this was by placing fresh flowers on the table during meals. She made foods with contrasting flavors and when she saw that her husband was chewing his food and ve

13、ry involved with the tastes she would draw his attention to the smell of the flowers. Mrs. Zhao did other things relating to perform such as playing loud music while he was showering and reading her book out loud while he put the dumplings together. Switch involved getting Mr. Zhao to change the way

14、 he did things before from the left to right side and vice versa. This was particularly easy for Mrs. Zhao to encourage since Mr. Zhaos left arm and leg were not working to full capacity. While switch relates to change related to the different hemispheres of the brain, change involved switching thin

15、gs around in random patterns. For example, Mrs. Zhao randomly changed the sides of the bed they would sleep in, which was somewhat annoying to her husband but he acquiesced in the end when she told him that she had pain in her side that required different positions to sleep. Switching and changing m

16、eant that Mrs. Zhao would mindfully hand her husband things to his left hand when normally he would prefer to use his right and place things in the house in different locations such as putting his grooming supplies and tools in different places in the bathroom. Flex involved encouraging Mr. Zhao to

17、use different senses than he would typically use. Although Mrs. Zhao normally communicated verbally what she would cook for meals she instead called to him to smell what was being made and asked him to guess the ingredients. She also used more non-verbal communication through gestures and facial exp

18、ressions as a means to engaging Mr. Zhao in different ways of experiencing everyday life. The acts of practicing perform, switch, flex and change was a way for Mrs. Zhao to intentionally disrupt her husbands embodied patterning.While Mrs. Zhaos methods to support her husband towards brain rehabilita

19、tion are unconventional, the techniques really worked. At Mr. Zhaos next doctors appointment he had progressed really well and was showing reduced aphasia and fewer signs of confusion. Mrs. Zhao sat quietly while her husband told the doctor that he adamantly did not need to play games and that his m

20、ind had sharpened spontaneously on its own. Interestingly, Mrs. Zhao was certain that her brain games had inadvertently improved her own reasoning skills.案例研究：大腦游戲趙先生和趙女士獨立生活在一個豪華的城市公寓。趙先生在中風前，是當?shù)剡M口公司的頂級管理員。趙女士是多年的家庭主婦。在得知她丈夫中風的消息時，她感到非常驚訝：他身體一直很健壯。幸運的是，趙先生的病情不是很嚴重。但即便如此，趙女士注意到，他左側的肢體麻木對他吃飯、洗澡、穿衣、走路

21、會有輕微的影響。而且，他還有輕微的跛行。但治療師說，如果趙先生專心進行物理治療，是可以改善他目前的狀況的。然而令人最關注的是趙先生的口頭表達能力和決策能力。趙先生容易弄胡涂簡單的事情，并且有時候在他妻子不能理解他的時候，便對他妻子大吼大叫。從趙先生的角度上講，他相信他用的詞是對的。而實際上，他經(jīng)常用錯詞。例如，趙先生想去公園走走，但是他卻把公園說成了學校。即使這些詞聽起來完全不一樣，中風導致趙先生的大腦在基于主觀的過往經(jīng)驗時，會把詞語弄混。而這些詞對于旁觀者而言，是完全不符合邏輯的。醫(yī)生說如果趙先生通過玩各種游戲進行訓練，他的失語癥和批判性思考能力將會得到改善。問題是，趙先生從商多年，習慣了效

22、率工作，自己做決策，而且不習慣玩游戲這個想法。作為一位忠實的妻子，趙女士知道她需要幫助她的丈夫進行中風的康復治療。她是一位聰明的女士，受過良好的教育并且飽讀詩書。事實上，當她的丈夫去醫(yī)院并在得知她丈夫確診中風后，她立即開始閱讀有關中風康復治療的書籍。趙女士發(fā)現(xiàn)，要想從大腦事件中盡可能完全康復，最初的三個月是最重要的時間框架。她也查閱了中風后大腦再訓練的各種方式。因此，趙女士決定騙她的丈夫去進行大腦康復治療。她看得出來物理治療對他而言是簡單的，因為他完全愿意做治療師指定的所有物理訓練。但游戲就是另一回事了。起初，趙女士感到擔心。她試著讓他丈夫打牌、玩棋盤游戲、填字游戲等等，但都無濟于事。他只是大聲呵斥她，告辭她他不是一個小孩，并且把玩游戲的東西弄到地上。趙女士決定先睡一覺，也許第二天早上她會想到一個好的解決辦法。當趙女士早上醒來時，她意識到自己需要做什么了。雖然除了玩游戲，醫(yī)生沒有給出具體的大腦訓練，但她看過關于幫助大腦建立或重建通道的不同方法。她與她丈夫開始用一系列技巧。她把這些技巧稱為：表演、轉變、曲折和變化。表演包括使他丈夫在同一時間接觸多個感官刺激。趙女士實現(xiàn)這個技巧的其中一種方式是