高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)：連詞講解+練習(xí))

1、語(yǔ)法：連詞Link words連詞是虛詞，不能在句中單獨(dú)擔(dān)任成分，只起連接作用。按其用法，連詞可分為兩大類：并列連詞（Coordinate Conjunctions）和從屬連詞（Subordinate Conjunctions）。一.并列連詞：連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。1. 并歹 U 關(guān)系：and, not only but also , both and , neither norI used to live in Paris and London.Both Jane and Jim are interested in fishing.The weather here is neit

2、her too cold nor too hot.She is not only kind but also honest.2. 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but, yet, while（然而）,when（然而，偏偏）The car is very old but it runs very fast.The problem was a little hard, yet I was able to work it out.The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.Why did you borrow the book whe

3、n you had one?3.選擇關(guān)系：or, not but , either or ,Would you like to live or would you like to stay?He is not a teacher but a writer.You can come either on Saturday or on Sun day.4.因果關(guān)系：forIt must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.The leaves of the trees are falling, for it s already autu

4、mn.5.區(qū)別（1）and 和 or1）并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，or 通常用于否定句，and 用于肯定句。2）但有時(shí) and 也可用于否定句。請(qǐng)注意其不同特點(diǎn)：There is no air or water in the moon.There is no air and no water on the moon.在否定中并列結(jié)構(gòu)用or 連接，但含有兩個(gè)否定詞的句子實(shí)際被看作是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，因此要用ando典型例題I dont like chi eke n_ fish. -1 dont like chicke n,_I like fish very much.A. and ; and B. a nd; but

5、 C. or; but D. or; and 答案 Co 否定句中表并列用or, but 表轉(zhuǎn)折。判斷改錯(cuò)：（錯(cuò)）We will die without air and water.（錯(cuò)）We cant live without air or water.（對(duì)）We will die without air or water.（對(duì)）We cant live without air and water.（2）表示選擇的并列結(jié)構(gòu)11）or 意思為”否則”。I must work hard, or I ll fail in the exam.2) either- or 意思為或者.或者.。注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

6、詞采用就近原則。Either you or I am right.(3) 表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?) but 表示轉(zhuǎn)折，while 表示對(duì)比。Some people love cats, while others hate them.典型例題-Would you like to come to dinner tonight? I d like to,_I m too busy.A. and B. so C. as D. but答案 Do but 與前面形成轉(zhuǎn)折，符合語(yǔ)意。而表并列的and,結(jié)果的 so,原因的 as 者 E 不符合句意。2) notbut 意思為不是.而是. not 和 but 后面的

7、用詞要遵循一致原則。They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.(4) 表原因關(guān)系1) for判斷改錯(cuò)：(錯(cuò))For he is ill, he is absent today.(對(duì))He is absent today, for he is ill.for 是并列連詞，不能置于含兩個(gè)并列分句的句子的句首，只能將其放在兩個(gè)分句中間。2) so, thereforeHe hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game.、I 注息：a. 兩個(gè)并列連詞不能連用，

8、但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列連詞連用。You can watch TV, and /or you can go to bed.He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldnt play in the game.b. although yet- -,但 although 不與 but 連用。(tt) Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work.(對(duì)) Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to d

9、o the work.注意：not only but also 關(guān)聯(lián)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，一個(gè)分句因有否定詞not 而必須倒裝。Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.neither -nor 意思為”既不也不”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則，與 nor 后的詞保持一致。比較 so 和 such其規(guī)律由 so 與 such 的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little 連用，形成固定搭配。1s

10、o much/little money.such rapid progressso many peoplesuch a lot of peopleso many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many,但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用 such 搭配。 so- that 與 suchthat之間的轉(zhuǎn)換即為so 與 such 之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。二.從屬連詞：指在復(fù)合句中引導(dǎo)從句的連結(jié)詞。常見(jiàn)的從屬連詞有:引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的：引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的：引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的：引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的：引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的：引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的：引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的：引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的：引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的：

11、after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as because, since, asalthough, though, no matter (無(wú)論)，even if (though)if, unless, once, as (so) long asso, so that, sothat -, suchthatso, so that -, in order thatasas -, not so (as), as, thanas, as if , as thoughwhere, wherever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)

12、、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)從句)的連詞主要有：that, whether, if 三個(gè)。其中 that和 whether 間或還可以引起同位從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。(一)某些用法比較特殊的從屬連詞用法區(qū)別1當(dāng) while, when, as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別：1while 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為進(jìn)行時(shí)，或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般時(shí)。while 的這些用法可用 when 代替，等于 at the time that ” , during the time that ”例女口: Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying ；2when 除

13、可指一段時(shí)間外，還可用來(lái)指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，等于at the time, when 引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是終止性的，也可以是延續(xù)性的。因此主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)可以是一般時(shí)，進(jìn)行時(shí)，或完成時(shí)。例女口: When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.(不能用 while)He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English. (when 可換成 while )3as 常可與 when, while 通用，但強(qiáng)調(diào) J 邊、一邊”。例女口: As (when, while)

14、 I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37.4when 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，主、謂是主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，這時(shí)主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞可以省略。例女口: When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man.She II be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary.so + adj.so + adj. + a(n) + n.so + adj. + n. (pl.)so + adj. +

15、 n.不可數(shù)so foolishso nice a flowerso many/ few flowerssuch + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl.)such +n. (pl.)such +n.不可數(shù)such a foolsuch a nice flowersuch nice flowers5when 有時(shí)代替 if,引導(dǎo)條件句，意為 如果、假如，例如：I II come when (if) I m free.2、before 作連詞一般表示時(shí)間，意為在之前”，但有些句子中這樣譯就顯得別扭。試看以下句子的翻譯：He almost knocked me down before h

16、e saw me.他幾乎把我撞倒才看見(jiàn)我；Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及插話，他已經(jīng)給我量好了尺寸。3 till, until 作為介詞式從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句，用于否定句時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為 notuntil (till)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞延續(xù)與非延續(xù)皆可，意為 直到才”。用于肯定句時(shí)，只與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，表示 到為止”。例如：They played volleyball until (till) it got dark.They didn tts（l 延續(xù)）until （till） the interpreter（譯

17、員）came.He didn tgotobeE 延續(xù)）until（till）the his father came back. ；until 可以放在句首，till 則不行，例女口: Untilthe last minute of the match we kept on playing.Not until he finished his work did he go home.（倒裝）；till, until 只用于時(shí)間， 以下句子是錯(cuò)誤的：We walked till the edge of the forest.（要用 as far as 或 to）。4、because, since,

18、a 囲導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)注意使用上的區(qū)別：1如果原因構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分，一般用 because 因此 because 引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在句末。用 why 提問(wèn)的句子，一定用 because 回答。例女口: He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.;2如原因已為人們所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as,或 sinceo since 比 as 更正式些。as 和since 引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開頭。例女口: As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since every one is her

19、e, now let s begi n.5、although 和 though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句往往用法一樣，但注意以下區(qū)別：1although 用于各種文體，而 though 則多用于非正式的口語(yǔ)或書面語(yǔ)中。注意由 although, though 引導(dǎo)的從句后，主句不能用but,但可用副詞 yet, still。例女口: Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working. （或 yet they went on working ）2though 常與 even 連用，even though 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)

20、，意為即使，但不能說(shuō) even although ,例女口: Even though I didn t understand a word, I dept smiling.3though 可用作副詞，意為然而”，常用逗號(hào)與句子分開。although 則不能這樣使用，它只作連詞。例女口: It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though.6、once 作副詞譯 曾經(jīng)”，作為連詞譯 旦”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。相當(dāng)于if 的加強(qiáng)形式。例如：I don t believe he was once a thief, （one 這里是副詞”O(jiān)nce Aristo

21、tle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as atruth to his students. （once 連詞）7、unless 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句等于if not o例女口: He II accept the job unless the salary is too low. （ = He II accept tejisbri if分開使用，有時(shí)它可與 whether 合起來(lái)使用，但不能與if 合起來(lái)使用。例女口: I don t know w

22、hether/ if they will come or not./I don t know whether or not they will come.6if 可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，譯 如果，whether 則不行。例女口: If you work hard, you are sure to succeed.40、as 作從屬連詞可引導(dǎo)多種狀語(yǔ)從句。1as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為 當(dāng)時(shí)”。例女口: As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked.2as 引

23、導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為象一樣。例如： We must do as the Party teaches us.3as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。意為由于，例如：As you are tired, you had better rest.4as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。意為雖然、 盡管Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, hecan do it well.) 另外，as 做為關(guān)系代詞還可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，女口： I have the same book as you.連詞while是高考一個(gè)命題的熱點(diǎn)，你知道其考點(diǎn)主要涉及哪些方

24、面嗎？一、.考查表示時(shí)間的用法，其意為當(dāng) 的時(shí)候 。女口：We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們要趁熱打鐵。Stand still while I take your photograph. 我給你拍照時(shí)站著不要?jiǎng)?。Have we got enough books to read while we are on holiday? 假期里我們有足夠的書看嗎？Were there any calls for me while I was out? 我出去的時(shí)候，有人來(lái)過(guò)電話嗎？She hates anyone listening while she is

25、telephoning. 她打電話時(shí)不愿讓任何人聽(tīng)。二、考查表示讓步的用法，其意為“盡管”“雖然”。女口：While the work was difficult, it was interesting.雖然工作有難度，但很有趣。While I understand what you say, I can t agree with you.雖然我理解你的意思，但我還是不同意。三、考查表示對(duì)比的用法，其意為“而”“但”。女口：Some people waste food while others haven t enough. 一些人糟踏食物而另一些人卻食不果腹。I went swimming

26、while the others played tennis.我去游泳，而其余的人則去打網(wǎng)球了。Prices are rising sharply, while in comes are laggi ng far behi nd. 物價(jià)飛漲而收入去卩遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后。注：這樣用時(shí)， while 引出的句子通常位于末，但有時(shí)也可位于句首。女口：While most chi Id re n learn to read easily, some need extra help.大多數(shù)兒童學(xué)會(huì)閱讀很容易，有一些兒童卻 需要特別幫助。While Deauville is a holiday resort, Tr

27、ouville is more of a working town.特維爾是個(gè)度假勝地，而特魯維爾更多的卻是個(gè)工業(yè)城市。四、考查其省略用法，即主句與從句主語(yǔ)相同，且從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有動(dòng)詞be 時(shí)，通?？墒÷詮木渲髡Z(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞 be。如：While (he was) in prison, she wrote her first novel.她在獄中寫出了第一部小說(shuō)。He had strayed from home while still a boy. 他小時(shí)候就離開家到處流浪了。He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework.他做著做著功課就睡著了。I

28、 was only listening to the radio with half an ear, while (I was) preparing some food.我正在做吃的東西， 沒(méi)太留心聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。3【考點(diǎn)實(shí)訓(xùn)】1. She just sits there reading her story book,_ I do all the work.A. until B. while C. because D. though2. Their economy has expanded enormously,_ ours, by contrast, has declined.A. while B

29、. unlessC. in case D. which3. Could you watch my bags for me,_I go to the toilet?A. though B. unless C. what D. while4. The professor is typing his own letters_ his secretary is ill.A. what B. which C. if D. while5. She said she was going to the shops and asked me whether I wanted anything_she was o

30、ut.A. though B. while C. which D. before6. Tea is the most popular drink,_coffee comes second.A. since B. until C. what D. while7. Schools in the north tend to be better equipped,_ those in the south are relatively poor.A. since B. before C. while D. because8. It is no accident that men fill most of

31、 the top jobs in nursing,_ women remain on the lower grades.A. after B. since C. while D. which9. _ trying to open the can, I cut my hand.A. Though B. Because C. For D. While10. Some people prefer a vegetarian diet,_others prefer a meat-based diet.A. though B. while C. which D. for11. He didnt ask m

32、e in; he kept me standing at the door_ he read the message.A. while B. before C. after D. which12. Nows the time to buy a car,_ the interest rates are low.A. but B. which C. while D. until13. The couple took good care of the baby_occupied by their work.A. while B. after C. which D. since14. How did

33、you spend your time_ you were on holiday?A. although B. while C. which D. since15. Because Jane had once had a bad accident_driving, she was afraid to try it again.A. though B. unless C. for D. while（以上答案均是 while）練習(xí)連詞1 .He is very old,_ he still works very hard.A. butB.ifC.whenD.as2. _ you are dismi

34、ssed.A. Neither you go norB. Either you go orC. Whether you go orD. Both you go and3. They had camped once before,_they knew what to take.A. becauseB. nowC. soD. since4. Why these things happened was_ the driver had been careless.A. because ofB. owing toC. due toD. that5. Although, its raining,_ are

35、 still working in the fields.A. theyB. but theyC. and theyD. so they6. _we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.A. SoB. Since thatC. Now thatD. By now.7. Write clearly_your teacher can understand .you correctly.A. sinceB. forC. becauseD. so that8. Youll miss the train_ you hurry up.A

36、. unless B. as C. if D. until9. Francis did the task_ his brother.A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as10. The size of the audienee,_we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.A. asB. whatC. thatD. whom11thought he hated the TV .You are right,_he still watches the program.A.

37、yetB. besidesC. alsoD. then12. It looks_ its going to rain.A. that B. as C. as if D. like that13._ to New York, her father has not heard from her.A. Because she wentB. After she went14. _ he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky.A. Until B. Since C. While D. During15. We arrived at the station_th

38、e train had left.A. after B. before C. since D. when16. _ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as every one else.A. ButB. AlthoughC. Even ifD. If17. Give me one more minute_ ni have finished.A. so B. until C. and D. when18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,_ he could not fi

39、nd any work.A. andB. yetC. or19. Hurry up,_ youll be late.A. orB. andC. so20. Do not make the same mistake_I did.C. When she wentD. Since she wentD. and butD. yet4A. soB. as C. likeD. that21. My sister is expecting me,_ I must be off now.A. however B. or C. so D. otherwise22. We should pay attention

40、_ to industry_ to agriculture.A. either, orB. neither, norC. not, butD. both, and23. He ran of_ I could stop him.A. beforeB. afterC. sinceD. when24. _you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.A. Till B. Until C. After D. Since25. Where have you been_you left home?A. before B. as C. since D.

41、when26. _the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.A. UntilB. SinceC. After27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year_ we did last year.A. asB. thanC. like28t is late;_, rm too tired to go out.A. besides B. except C. except for D. except that29. Everything around us is_s

42、olid .liquid_ gas.A. not. .but.B. either., .or.C. neither., .nor.30. He will come_ you ask him.A. whetherB. unless C. if D. while31. _he will come or not is still unknown.A. If B. Where C. That D. Whether32dorT t know_ to stay at home or go out.A. whether B. ifC. how D. where33. He spoke loudly_the

43、audienee could hear him clearly.A. soB. thatC. so that34. The book is not easy._its rather difficult.A. On the one hand B. On the contrary C. On the other hand D35. You must work hard,_ you will not learn English well.A. ifB. whetherC. otherwise36. It rained heavily,_ the basketball match had to be

44、put off.A. so thatB. whenC. otherwise37. We must do_ the people want us to do.A. whateverB. howeverC. wherever38. You are certainly right,_others may say.A. what B. whatever C. that D. as39. _makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever40II discuss it with you_ you like to

45、come.A. whenB. whereC. whoeverD. UnlessD. whiteD. whether., .or.D. in order toOn the other contraryD. unlessD. thereforeD. wheneverD. wheneverrd like to go swimmingthe water is not too cold.41._you work, you must always serve the peopleheart and soul.A. WhereverB. Whenever_you understand this rule,

46、you will have nofurther difficulty.A. OnceB. At onceC. Only_ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.A. No matter how B. No matter whatC. No matter whenWe can surely overcome these difficulties _A. so far asB. so long as_I know he will stay here for half a year.A. as soon asB. as lon

47、g asPlease write me_ you arrive in New York.A. as well asB. so long asC. as far asThat is not_I want.A. thatB. whyC. whatD. who sehe did it remains a secret.It is quite clear_ he wont see us.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. howWould you tell me_way I should take?B. that C. which D. whoseI am sure_ you said is

48、 true.A. whatB. thatC. which D. whoThe trouble is_we can not find such an expert.A. whyB. thatC. whereIt has not been decided_ they will leave.A. whyB. whenC. whichWe shall go_ you are ready.A. while B. as soon as C. asD. sinceHe will tell you about it_you get there.A. whileB. as C. whenD. /Dont try

49、 to get off the bus_ it has stopped.A. whileB. asC. sinceni come and see you_ I go to the countryside.A. whileB. whenC. as soon asD. before_ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in thestudy of English.A. WhileB. WhenC. SinceD. AfterThings have ch a nged a lot_ I wrote to you

50、 last time.A. whenB. sinceC. asI cant use your pen,_there is no ink in it.A. for B. when C. if D. whether42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.we are closely united.C. as soon asC. so far asA. WhatB. WhomC. WhichD. HowD. WhenD. OnlythenD. as well asD. as well asD. as soon asD. /D. whatD. beforeD. beforeA. what5練習(xí)、連詞1.（全國(guó)卷 2）13. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall,_ , in fact, there were 40.A. while B. whether C. what D. which2.（北京卷）