過去完成時和虛擬語氣講解和練習(xí)

1、過去完成注意：過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，動作發(fā)生的時間是 個相對的時態(tài)，只有在和過去某個時間或動作相比較時才會用到。E.g. By the end of the match，they had kicked two goals.We had already had lunch before we arrived there.其結(jié)構(gòu)是had+had+過去分詞.它的否定句是在 hadhad 后邊加 notnot，變一般疑問句是把hadhad 提前。E.g. I had reached the station before 9:00 oclock.I had not

2、 reached the station before 9:00 oclock.Had you reached the station before 9:00 oclock？它通常和before，by the end of等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時間狀語連用。1.由時間狀語來判定一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：（1）by +過去的時間點。如：I had fini shed readi ng the novel by nine oclock last ni ght.（2）by the end of +過去的時間點。如：We had lear ned over two

3、 thousa nd En glish words by the end of last term.（3）before +過去的時間點。如：They had plan ted six hun dred trees before last Wedn esday.2.由“過去的過去”來判定。過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關(guān)系，動 作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：（1）賓語從句中 當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在kn ew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從

4、句。如：She said that she had see n the film before.（2）狀語從句中在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完成 時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如：After he had fini shed his homework, he went to bed.注意：before, after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于 從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如：After he closed the door, he left the classroom.（3）表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish,

5、 expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示”原本,未能We had hoped that you would come, but you did nt.3.根據(jù)上、下文來判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We had nt see n each other since he went to Beiji ng.單項選擇1.He asked me _ A. where I had bee n時 過去的過去.它是一told, said,before和after本身已表達了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、C.

6、 where had I bee n2. What Janeduri ng the summer holidays. B. whereI had gone D. where had I gone一bythe time he was sever?A. did, doB. has, done C did, did.3. I_ 900 En glish words by the time I was ten。A. lear nedB. was lear ningC. had lear nedlived here forD.had, doneD. learnt4. Sheyears.A. had, a

7、 few B. has, several C. had, a lot of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, ID. has, a great deal of_the dinner already.A had cooked B. cookedC. have cooked D. was cooked6.She said she_ the principle alreadyA .has see n B. saw C. will seeD. had see n虛擬語氣虛擬語氣表示一種假設(shè)的情況，或一種主觀的愿望，即動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)

8、并非事實，或不可能實現(xiàn)。英語虛 擬語氣的形式有下列幾種：一、與現(xiàn)在事實相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句If1.動詞過去式（或were）2.助動詞（過去式）+動詞原形ShouldWould+動詞原形couldmightIf had the time, Joh n would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.二.與將來事實相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句If1.should+動詞原形2.動詞過去式3.were to+動詞原形ShouldWould+動詞原

9、形couldmightIf you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there n ext time, you would see what I mean.三、與過去事實相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句themselves7. She said her family_ themselves_ the army duri ng the war.A. has hidde n, fromB. had hidde n, fromC. has

10、 hidde n, withD. had hidde n, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he_.A.has comp leted uni versityB.had compi eted an uni versity9. She had writte n a nu mber of booksA. forB. inC. bybefore he was 11 years old.B. had lear ned, the pianoD. lear ns ,piano.B. has compi eted the uni versityD. had c

11、ompi eted uni versity _ the endof last year.D. atto p lay_A had lear ned, pianoC. has lear ned, the piano用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We_ (paint) the house before we_ (move) in.2. That rich old man_ (make) a will before he_ (die)._(study) the map of the country before they_(leave). _ (run away )before the p oliceme

12、 n_ (arrive). (tur n off) all thelights before I_(go) to bed._(go) out with Jane after he_(make) a phone call.10. He3. They_4. The robbers5. I6. PaulA had cooked B. cookedC. have cooked D. was cookedIfhad+過去分詞ShouldWould+ have+過去分詞couldmightIf Id known that it w agoing to rain, I would never have go

13、ne for a walk in the country.四、虛擬語氣的幾種特殊用法省掉if的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)2.有時虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語從句來表示，如:A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water,)(=If you hadnt helped me,)3.有時條件從句中的動作和結(jié)果

14、從句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.五、 虛擬語氣的其他用法1、Suggest, advise等動詞之后賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：suggest, advise, recomme nd, dema nd,require, insist, urge, request, order,+that(should )+動詞原形decide, ask, move, propose等

15、注意：在此結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smok ing.上述動詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)時，that引導(dǎo)的從句仍用虛擬語氣。He made a request that they (should ) stop smok ing.如果that引導(dǎo)的從句所表達的內(nèi)容是事實，也可用陳述語氣。He in sists that he is right.2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity等+that引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：imp erative, advisable,動詞完成

16、式It is (was) + important, n atural, n ecessary, +that+(should)esse ntial, stra nge等動詞原形It is imp orta nt that you (should) follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish的用法動詞過去式或were與現(xiàn)在事實相反主語+wish(that)+主語+動詞過去完成式一與過去事實相反助動詞過去試+動詞原形一與將來事實相反I wish I were a pop si

17、n ger.(=I am sorry I am not a pop sin ger.)I wish I had n ever stopped teach ing.(=I am sorry I stopped teachi ng.)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。大可能實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較：(1)We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)(2)We wish they coul

18、d come,(We know they are not comin g.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語氣，如：He acts as if no thi ng had happen ed.I would rather you didnt tell him.5、Its (high) time that+動詞過去式或動詞原形，如：Its time (that) you had a hair cut.Its high time (that) we took some action.wish表示很難或不虛擬語氣用在主語從句中I

19、t is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句，謂語動詞用should加動詞原形，should可省略。It is可用的詞有三類that（should）dosuggested, ordered, required, propo sed, dema nded, requested, in sisterimportant, n ecessary, n atural, i mp erative, stra nge等a p ity, a shame, no won der等虛擬語氣用在同位語從句中。某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞后同位語從句需

20、用虛擬語氣，其表達形式為（should）+動詞原形。這類名詞常見的有：advice, suggestion, propo sal（提議），order,dema nd,desire, request, requireme nt,recomme ndati on（推薦），plan,resolution（決議），idea等。eg. We are all for your propo sal that the discussi on （ should ）be put off.虛擬語氣用在表語從句中。某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語時，表語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達形式為（should）+動

21、詞原形。這類名詞常見的有：advice, suggestion,propo sal,order,dema nd, desire, request, requireme nt,recomme ndatio n以及plan,idea, resolution等。eg. My suggesti on is that the mayor （should ）p rese nt the p rizes.虛擬語氣用在定語從句中It is（about/high）time+that sb.did sth/should do sth.eg. Dont you think its about time we went

22、 home?注：在this is the first time/seco nd time that.句型中，從句中謂語動詞用陳述語氣完成時態(tài)。eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong?虛擬語氣用在讓步、方式、目的狀語從句中1在帶有even if/ even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動詞形式與含有非真實條件句的虛擬語氣相同。如：Eve n if he had bee n ill, he would have gone to his office.即使生了病，他倆去辦公室。2.由a

23、s if或as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時。從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式分詞”。如：He treated me as if I were a stranger.他那樣對待我， 好像我是陌生人似的。really seen it.她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實看過一樣。3.虛擬語氣用在lest（唯恐、免得），for fear that及in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中。中需用虛擬語氣，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其謂語動詞多由eg. He was puni shed lest he should make the same mistake aga in虛擬語氣用情感語言中1.虛擬語氣在

24、表示客氣、遺憾以及祝愿等場合中，使用虛擬語氣。eg.You should nt have bee n follow ing him so closely;you should have kept your dista nee2.If only sb./sth. +時態(tài)后退型的謂語eg. If only I had known the result of the exam in ati on.虛擬語氣專項練習(xí)1.-Will you come to the party? -_A. Why notB. Only if2.If I_you, I_ go there.A. is; willB. is;

25、wouldC. were; would3._ If itrain tomorrow,We ll go on a trip.A. isn t B. doesn t C. won t4.I dont know if he _A. Will come B. comes（be用were）或 “had十過去She talked about the film as if she had在 由lest等 引 導(dǎo) 的 目 的 狀 語 從 句should+動詞原形構(gòu)成，should也可省略。_ you also in vite Blade.C. If notD. WhenD. was; willtomorrow

26、.C. cameD. has come5.The headmaster with his students_A. is going to; isnt rainy B. are going to; isnC. is going to; wont rain D. are going to; doesn6.If I_ a million dollars, I would give it to medical research.A. will have B. haveC. hadD. am havi ngHan gzhou P aradise Park if itt rai nyt raintomor

27、row.7.If Iyou, I would say ano ther stude nt could do it better.A. wasB. wereC. wereD. are8.What would you do if youthe lottery?Igive half of the money to charities.A. win, willB. win, would C. won, will D. won, would9.I am too busy now. If I_ free, I_to the cinema with you.A. am; will go B. am; wou

28、ld go C. were; would go10.What_ you do if you had a million dollars ?B. willC. didA. would11.Im going to Larrys party. But I donIf I_ you, I _ wear a dress.A. am; willC. were; would12.If I _ you, IA.was, wouldnB. were; willD. am; would_ be afraid .t were, wonC.were, wouldn13.If IAlice, Ithem the tru

29、th.A. was , would tellB. were ,would tellD. was; was goingD. dot know what to wear.C. am, will tell14.- If I-IfID. is , will tellone milli on dollars, I would give it to medical research._you, I would give it to charity.A. will have, am B. would have, was C. had, wereD. have, is15.If IA. was; didyou

30、, I wouldB. am; domy homework myself.C. were; do D. is; didTranslation翻譯1.我不知道他的電話號碼，否則我就打電話給他了。2.他本可以給你更多的幫助，即使他很忙。3.-如果可能的話你會不會打電話給他？-會的，不過我當(dāng)時在忙著做家庭作業(yè)呢。般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時，排除Co句意“如果不下雨，班主任和同學(xué)明天將要去杭州天堂公園。 ”故選A。1.單項選擇1.He asked me A during the summer holidays.A. where I had bee n B. where I had gone C. where

31、had I bee n2.What _D_Jane_ by the time he was sever?A. did, doB. has, doneC did, did.3.I_C_ 900 En glish words by the time I was ten7.She said her family _B_ themselves_ the army during the war.A. has hidde n, fromB. had hidde n, fromC. has hidde n, with D. had hidde n, with8.By the time he was ten

32、years old, he_ D_ .A.has compi eted uni versityB. has compi eted the uni versityhad comp leted an uni versityD. had compi eted uni versity1.We_ had painted_(paint) the house before we moved_ (move) in.2.That rich old man _had made_ (make) a will before he died(die).3.They _had studyed_ (study) the m

33、ap of the country before they _left_(leave).4.The robbers _had run away_ (run away ) before the p oliceme n arrived (arrive).5.I _turned off_ (tur n off) all the lights before I _went_(go) to bed.6.P aul wen t (go) out with Jane after he _made_ (make)a phone call.參考答案1.B【解析】略2.C【解析】 本題考查虛擬語氣，時。句意：如果

34、我是你的話，3.B【解析】這題考查時態(tài)的用法，if4.A【解析】考查時態(tài)。tomorrow為將來的時間故用一般將來時態(tài)，所以選5.A【解析】考查主謂一致和if從句。with連接幾個主語時，與第一個保持一致。排除B D; if條件句用A. lear nedB. was lear ning4. She A lived here forC. had lear nedD. learntyears.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I A the

35、dinner already.A had cookedB. cookedC. have cookedD. was cookedD. has, a great deal of6. She said she DA .has see n_the principle alreadyB. sawC. will seeD. had see nD. where had I goneD.had, doneB.9. She had writte n a nu mber of books_ C_the end of last year.C. by before he was 11 years old.B. had

36、 lear ned, the pianoD. lear ns ,piano.A. forB. inD. at10. He _B_ to play _A had lear ned, pianoC. has lear ned, the piano2.用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空if引導(dǎo)的與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣。從句用一般過去式，主句用過去將來 我會去那兒的。條件句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時，而且這里要填助動詞的否定式，選B。A。6.C【解析】這題考查if的非真實條件句的用法，如果和事實不符合， 相反，if條件句用過去時，主句用would do,所以選 研究。7.B【解析】在if虛擬條件句中，be用were，故本題選& D【解析】考查虛擬語氣。If引導(dǎo)的條件狀從指將來的情況，I give half of the money to charities.用would+do。所以選DoCoBoif條件句和主句要用虛擬語氣，和現(xiàn)在的事實句意是：如果我有1百萬美元，我會把它給醫(yī)學(xué)用過去式