英語八種基本時態(tài)

1、英語八種基本時態(tài)一概念：英語中表示不同時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)， 需用不同的動詞形式表示，這種不同的動詞形式稱為時態(tài)。二種類： （基本時態(tài)）一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一般將來時現(xiàn)在完成時一般過去時過去進(jìn)行時過去將來時過去完成時三用法：1一般現(xiàn)在時：1）一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)和普遍真理。一般現(xiàn)在時常以動詞原形表示，但當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞詞尾加-s或 -es。2）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 .（包括 be 動詞）賓語 She is an engineer.He has breakfast at 6:00every day.3）注意：a)一般現(xiàn)在時通常與 always , of

2、ten , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等時間狀語連用。I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening .They go home once a week .We usually do our homework at home .b)表客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)或普遍真理。The sun always rises in the east .The light travels faster than the sound .c)表永遠(yuǎn)性的動作或狀態(tài)。He lives in the country .4）第三人稱單數(shù)變化

3、形式。a)一般情況動詞在詞尾加 -s .come-comesspeak-speakswork-workslive-livesb)以 o, s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的單詞在詞后加 -es.do-doesgo-goesfinish-finishesbrush-brushesfix-fixespass-passeswatch-watchesc)以 “輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的單詞變y 為i 加 -es.Study-studiescarry-carriescry-criesd)以 “元音字母 y”結(jié)尾的單詞直接加 -s.play-playsstay-stays例句：我們每天晚上九點(diǎn)做作業(yè)。我在早上七點(diǎn)半起

4、床。他每天七點(diǎn)去上班。我們經(jīng)常下午打籃球。他喜歡音樂。地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)?；疖嚵c(diǎn)出發(fā)。5）否定句和疑問句。a)-He is an engineer.-He isn t an engineer.-Is he an engineer?-Yes, he is ./ No, he isn t.b)-We get up at 7:30 in the morning .-We don t get up at 7:30 inthe morning .-Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ?-Yes, we do. / No, we don t.c)-He likes mu

5、sic.-He doesn t like music.-Does he like music?-Yes ,he does./ No, he doesn t .2一般過去時1）一般過去時表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示過去的時間狀語 yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days等.連用。I was a student 6years ago.I went to Beijing last year.They saw a film last night .2）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 .過去時賓語例句：昨天他很忙。去年他抽煙

6、了。兩年前他去參軍了。他在 1990 年去世了。3）否定句和疑問句。a)-He was busy yesterday.-He wasn t busy.-Was he busy?-Yes, he was./ No, he wasn t.b)-He smoked last year.-He didn t smoke last year.-Did he smoke last year?-Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn t.c)-He joined the army in 1990.-He didn joinedt the army in 1990.-Did he join the

7、 army in 1990?- Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn t.4）動詞過去式變化規(guī)則。a)一般情況下的詞加 -ed.work-workedcall-calledlaugh-laughedExplain-explainedfinish-finishedknock-knockedb)以不發(fā)音的字母e 結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-d .live-livedchange-changedsmoke-smokeddie-diedgraduate-graduateddrive-drovec)以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變y 為i 加 -ed.study-studiedcarry-carrie

8、dcry-criedtry-triedmarry-marriedd)以“元音字母y”結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-ed.play-playedstay-stayede)以“一個元音字母一個輔音字母 ”結(jié)尾的單詞應(yīng)先雙寫這個輔音字母然后再加 -ed.stop-stoppedplan-plannedpat-pattedf) 動詞不規(guī)則變化：do-did go-went come-came run-ran write-wrote begin-began drink-drank keep-kept leave-left sleep-slept make-made lie-lay dig-dug eat-ate k

9、now-knew cut-cut set-set let-let read-read hurt-hurt例句：我前天拿走了這本書。去年我買了一輛自行車。每天晚上我聽音樂。她通常待在家里。兩天前我完成了這項工作。復(fù)習(xí)：1) I(be) a teacher 2 years ago.2)He(be) a student now.3)He(do) his homework at home every day.4)They(join) the Party in 1998.5)We(not eat) apples yesterday.6)We(not play) basketball every day.

10、7)He(not go ) home once a week.8) I am 16 years old. (劃線部分提問 )9) I go to work at 8:00 every morning. (劃線部分提問 )10) They joined the Party in 1990. (劃線部分提問 )11) I went to Beijing last year. (劃線部分提問 )3一般將來時1)表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來的時間狀語tomorrow, theday after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等連用。2

11、)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 will/shall V. 原形 （第一人稱用 shall）I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.They will have a meeting next week.-She will be 20 years old. -Will she be 20 years old? -Yes, she will./ No, she won 3)主語 will/shall V.原形 t .be(am, is, are)going toThey will have a meeting next Sunday.(will=are going to )-What w

12、ill they do next Sunday ?-When will they have a meeting?4) be about toV.原形I am about to leave school.不能與表示時間的副詞連用。They are about to set out.()They are about to set out soon.()復(fù)習(xí)題：1.He2.They3.We(do) his homework at school every day.(finish) their work yesterday.(visit) their farm next year.4.我半小時后要吃午

13、飯。5.他將騎自行車去學(xué)校。6.他們下周日將去買汽車。4過去將來時1）過去將來時是立足于過去某時，從過去的觀點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。主要用于賓語從句中。2）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +would/should was/were going to +V.原形 + He said that he would have a meeting next week.(He says that he will nave a meeting next week.)They said we should leave school tomorrow.(They say we shall leave school tomo

14、rrow.)5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。通常與 now, at present等時間狀語連用。2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +be(am, is, are)+ v-ing +You are listening to me carefully now.She is writing a letter this year.Look! They are dancing.We are studying English at present .It s raining hard now.3）動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成一般動詞直接在詞后加 -ingdo doingwork workingr

15、ead - readingthink thinkingstudy studying go goingwatch watching jump - jumping以不發(fā)音的字母e 結(jié)尾的動詞，應(yīng)先去掉e 然后加 inglike likingtake takingleave leavinglive livingreceive receiving dance dancingcome comingsmoke smokingwrite - writing以“一個元音字母 + 一個輔音字母 ”結(jié)尾的動詞，應(yīng)先雙寫這個輔音字母然后再加 -ingstop stoppingbegin beginningdig d

16、iggingswimswimmingrun runningsit sitting(注意： listen listening open opening eateatingrain rainingsleep - sleeping)4)6 過去進(jìn)行時1）表示過去某一時刻或某階段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作，通常與 at 6:00 yesterday, atthis/ that time yesterday, when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語等連用。2） 基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語 +be (was/were) +v- ing +1. It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.2.

17、 They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.3. We were reading when the teacher came in.We weren t readingWere you readingWhat were you doing when the teacher came in.3) 例句 1. 前天那個時候 Tom 正在看電影。2. 上周日四點(diǎn)我們正在游泳。3.師看見我們時我們正在玩撲克。4. I _ (do) my homework yesterday.5. He _ (do) his homework at

18、5:00 yesterday.6. He _ (do) his homework now.7.現(xiàn)在完成時1） 1. 表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響2表示過去某時間已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)通常與下列時間狀語連用 up to now, in the past, recently, by,for 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just2)基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語 + have/has + P.P(動詞過去分詞 )1.I ve finished this work.2.He has ever been to Australia.3

19、.I have not heard from her recently.4.I have already read this book.Have you read ?Yes, I have. No, I haven t.What have you read?3) 過去分詞的構(gòu)成 （規(guī)則變化同過去式的構(gòu)成）不規(guī)則變化如下do did donego wentgoneeat ateeatencomecame comehavehad hadwritewrotewrittenbe was/were beenseesawseenhearheard heardswim swamswumdrinkdrankd

20、runkgive gavegivenforget forgotforgottentaketooktakenkeepkeptkeptsleepslept sleptteachtaughttaughtbuy bought boughttell toldtoldmake made madecutcutcuthurthurthurtreadreadreadlet letlet4）注意1.含有終止意義或暫短意義的動詞不能與for, since連用。引導(dǎo)的一般時間狀語（buy, begin, die, come, go , join, leave等）A) I have bought a book.I ha

21、ve bought a book for 3 day.(wrong)I have had a book for 3 years.B) He have joined the army for 3 years. (wrong) He has been in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years ago.C) He has been dead for 3 years.He died 2 years ago.It is 2 years since he died.He has died for 2 years.(wrong)D) He has

22、gone to Australia.He has been to Australia.2. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 （時間狀語的區(qū)別）I _ (hear) form her recently / yesterday.3. 例句：他已經(jīng)閱讀了這本書。我們到目前為止已學(xué)習(xí)了兩千個單詞。他們居住在中國三年了。他看這部電影兩次了。Bob 自從 1997 年在這所學(xué)校教學(xué)。8.過去完成時1）表示動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào) “過去的過去 ”， 常與 by the time, by the end of,before等引,by導(dǎo)時間的狀語連用。2） 基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語 + had + 動詞過去分詞+When I got to the cinema yesterday the film had begun already.昨天當(dāng)我到達(dá)電影院時電