(完整)初中英語介詞用法詳解與練習(xí).

1、詞類、句子成分和構(gòu)詞法：1、詞類：英語詞類分十種：名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞。1、名詞 (n.)： 表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱。如：boy, morning,bag, ball, class, orange.2、代詞 (pron.)： 主要用來代替名詞。如：who, she, you, it .3、形容詞 (adj.)：表示人或事物的性質(zhì)或特征。 如：good, right, white, orange .4、數(shù)詞 (num.)： 表示數(shù)目或事物的順序。如： one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.

2、5、動(dòng)詞 (v.)： 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如： am, is,are,have,see .6、副詞 (adv.)： 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞,說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度等。如： now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠詞 (art.)：用在名詞前 ,幫助說明名詞。如： a, an, the.8、介詞 (prep.)： 表示它后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。如in, on,from, above, behind.9、連詞 (conj.)： 用來連接詞、短語或句子。如and, but, before .10、感嘆詞 (interj.)表示喜、怒、哀、樂等

3、感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分：英語句子成分分為七種：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。1、主語是句子所要說的人或事物,回答是“誰”或者“什么” 。通常用名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如： Im Miss Green.(我是格林小姐 )2、謂語動(dòng)詞說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),回答“做 (什么 )”。主要由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。 如：Jack cleans the room every day.杰(克每天打掃房間 )3、表語在系動(dòng)詞之后 ,說明主語的身份或特征 ,回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫

4、萍萍 )4、賓語表示及物動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象或結(jié)果,回答做的是“什么” 。通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼這個(gè)詞 )有些及物動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語,一個(gè)指物 ,一個(gè)指人。指物的叫直接賓語 ,指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他給我寫了一封信 )有時(shí)可把介詞 to 或 for 加在間接賓語前構(gòu)成短語 ,放在直接賓語后面 ,來強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語。如： He wrote a letter to me . 他(給我寫了一封信 )5、定語修飾名詞或代詞 ,通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任。如：Shanghai i

5、s a big city .(上海是個(gè)大城市 )6、狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、 形容詞、副詞 ,通常由副詞擔(dān)任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力 )7、賓語補(bǔ)足語用來說明賓語怎么樣或干什么 ,通常由形容詞或動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。 如： They usually keep their classroom clean.他(們通常讓教室保持清潔 ) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常幫我做功課 ) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老師要我自學(xué)法語 )同位語通常緊跟在名詞、 代詞后面 ,進(jìn)

6、一步說明它的情況。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同學(xué)湯姆在哪里？ )3、構(gòu)詞法：英語構(gòu)詞法主要有：合成法、派生法和轉(zhuǎn)換法。1、合成法：如： spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。2、派生法：(1)派生名詞：動(dòng)詞 +er/or 動(dòng)詞 +ing 動(dòng)詞 +(t)ion 形容詞 +ness 其他 ,如：inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge(2) 派 生 形容 詞： 名 詞 +y 名 詞 +fu

7、l 動(dòng)詞 +ing/ed friendly dangerous Chinese; JapaneseEnglish French German 國名 +(i)an 如： snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily( 每日的 ),nervous, delicious(3)派生副詞：形容詞 +ly 其它 ,如：slowly, angrily, full fully, good well, possiblepossibly 等等。3、轉(zhuǎn)換法：(1)形容詞動(dòng)詞 ,如： dry(干燥的 )dry(弄干 ), clean(干凈

8、的 )clean(打掃 ,弄干凈 ),等等。(2)動(dòng)詞名詞 ,如： look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk 等等。(3)名詞動(dòng)詞 ,如： hand(手)(傳遞 ),face(臉 )(面對(duì) )等等。(4)形容詞副詞 ,如： earlyearly, fast fast 等等。(5)副詞連詞 ,如： when(什么時(shí)候 )(當(dāng) 時(shí)候 ),等等。(6)介詞副詞 ,如： in(到 里 )(在里面；在家 ),on(在 上 )(進(jìn)行 ,繼續(xù) ),等等初中英語介詞定義： 介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞 , 詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句字成分。 介詞后面

9、一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類， 短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語，表語，補(bǔ)語或介詞賓語。一、表示時(shí)間的介詞 ：1、in , on，at在 時(shí)in 表示較長時(shí)間，如世紀(jì)、朝代、時(shí)代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning,in the night, in one s life , in one 等。 s thirties on 表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚。如 on May 1st, on

10、 Monday, on New Year s Day, on a cold night in January, on a finemorning, on Sunday afternoon等。at 表示某一時(shí)刻或較短暫的時(shí)間，或泛指圣誕節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)等。如 at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of ,at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。注意：在 last, next, this, that, some, every 等

11、詞之前一律不用介詞。如： We meet every day.“ at 時(shí)間點(diǎn)，有 on 必有天， in 指月季年，也和色相連”就是說，有具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)的時(shí)候用 at，具體那一天用 on，說到月份，季節(jié)，年份，就用 in ；而且說誰穿了什么顏色的衣服的時(shí)候，也是用 in （ color） at 用于某一具體時(shí)刻或重大節(jié)日之前在初中階段常見的固定短語in English 用英語in a minute 一會(huì)兒、立刻in a short while 一會(huì)兒、不久in a hurry 匆匆忙忙in danger 在危險(xiǎn)中in full 全部地、詳細(xì)地in a word 一句話in all 總共in ev

12、ery case 不管怎樣in the end 最后in spite of 盡管in person親自in fact 事實(shí)上in good health 身體健康的in front of 在前面in some ways在某些方面in common 共同的in public 當(dāng)眾2、before、afterbefore 表示“在某時(shí)刻或某件事之前” ，after 用在時(shí)刻或某件事之后。3、by、until 、 till（ 1） by 表示“在之前，到為止”（ 2） till 與 until 都有“直到”或“直到為止”之意， till 多用于口語，且不能放在句首， till 和 until 用于肯

13、定句時(shí)，主句中動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作一致延續(xù)到till或 until 后的時(shí)間為止； till 和 until 用于否定句時(shí)， 主句中的動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)作， 它的動(dòng)作要到 till 或 until 后的時(shí)間才發(fā)生。 He can not be back _January直.到一月份他才回來。（till/until ） We waited _10 oclock last night.昨晚我們一直等到10 點(diǎn)鐘。（till/until ）4in ，after兩者都有“在一段時(shí)間之后”之意，但“ in+時(shí)間段”表示時(shí)間從現(xiàn)在算起，常用語將來時(shí)態(tài)；而“ after+時(shí)間段 /時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示的時(shí)間從過去算起，多用于過去式

14、。 Eg：（ 1） I will finish the work _two hours. 兩個(gè)小時(shí)后我將完成這項(xiàng)工作。（ 2） He returned his hometown _half an year半.年后他返回了他的故鄉(xiāng)。【考題再現(xiàn)】 No hurry.The bus will arrive _ten minutes.A .atB. forC.inD. by【解析】在將來時(shí)中， in 用在一段時(shí)間之前，表示在一段時(shí)間之后。故選C二、表示地點(diǎn)的介詞：表示方位的介詞： in、on、 to1 In 表示“在 內(nèi)”， on 表示“與 相鄰”，to 表示“在 之外，又不相鄰” A is in t

15、he northeast of B.A is on the west of B. B is to the east of A.2、表示“在 之上或之下”的介詞above, over, on在 上above 指在 上方 ,不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直，與below 相對(duì)；over 指垂直的上方 ,與 under 相對(duì) ,但 over 與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。on 表示某物體上面并與之接觸。The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.below, under在

16、 下面under 表示在 正下方below表示在 下，不一定在正下方3、表示在某地的介詞： at、in、 onat表示較小的地點(diǎn)， in表示較大的地方， on表示在一個(gè)平面上。4、表示“前、后”的介詞 in front of ，in the front of ，before 表示“在 之前”in front of = before 表示“在某一范圍之外的前面” in the front of 表示“在某一范圍之內(nèi)的前部” at the back of, behind, after三者均有“在 之后”之意， at the back of 是 in thefront of 的反義詞，表示“在某一范

17、圍之內(nèi)的后部” ，behind 是 in front of 的反義詞，表示“在某一范圍之外的后面” ，After 可與 behind 互換，也可以用于表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的詞詞后面。5、表示“里外”的介詞 in 表示“在 內(nèi)”，有靜止之意， inside 表示“在 里面”、“到 里面”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“以 為界”之意，into 表示動(dòng)作的方向，意為“到 內(nèi)”。 outside 是 inside 的反義詞，表示“在 外面”， out of 是 into 的反義詞，表示“到 外”。6. from, to, for, into, out of1)from從.The train started from Paris.She

18、 will fly from Beijing to HK.2)to到 .（目的地）去，向.He went to Guangzhou last year.They got to the town very late.3)for向 .，表目的方向He left for Tianjin on business yesterday.The train for Shanghai has been away.Towards, to 和for都可表示方向，其區(qū)別如下：Towards僅指朝向某個(gè)方向，不一定是目的地，而to和for都是“向目的地”。For 作“向（目的地）時(shí)，常用于固定搭配中，如：leave

19、for, start for4) into 進(jìn)入Please put the water into the bottle.The teacher came into the classroom.5)out of 從 .出來A girl in red went out of the shop.They pulled him out of the water.三、其他介詞1、表示材料與手段的介詞：with, by, in with 表示“用某種工具”。如：He broke the window with a stone. 他用石頭把玻璃砸壞了。注意： with 表示用某種工具時(shí)，必須用冠詞或物主代

20、詞。 by 指“靠 手段”，“用 方法”，“憑借 動(dòng)作”，所表示的方法、手段、途徑比較抽象，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，也可和 bus、plane、bike 等表示交通手段的名詞連用。 in 表示“所用材料以及所用的語言、聲音、衣飾等”2、of, from, aboutOf 表示“屬于 的”，表示數(shù)量或種類； from 表示“是哪里人”以及時(shí)間或時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)來自； about“關(guān)于 ”、“大約、左右”等。 四、幾個(gè)已混介詞的用法辨析1)表示“在 之間”的介詞：between, amongbetween指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間；among 指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間。2)by, with, in

21、表示方法、手段、工具by 以 方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具；with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段； in 表示用 方式，用 語言 (語調(diào)、筆墨、顏色 )等； He makes a living by selling newspapers.He broke the window with a stone.The foreigner spoke to us in English.五、含有介詞的固定搭配1、介詞與動(dòng)詞do well in在某方面做do with處置agreewith同意某人的好sb.begin with以 開始laugh at嘲笑help with在 方面幫助leav

22、e for動(dòng)身去某地catch up趕上geton/a 與 相處withlong witharrive到達(dá)make與 交take care of照顧、照in/atfriend with朋友料look at看listen to聽hear from聽說look for尋找turn on/off打 開 /派人去請(qǐng)關(guān)上send forlook after照看、照料put on穿上pay for為 付錢Look over檢查depend on依賴、等候依靠wait forfill with充滿ask for要，要求2、介詞和形容詞的固定搭配be satisfied with sb.對(duì)某人感到滿be we

23、ak in在某方面差意be good/bad for對(duì) 有益/有害be late for遲到be pleased with sb.對(duì)某人感到滿be busy with忙于意be angry at sth.因 而生氣be made of由 制成be angry at sb.生某人的氣be good at在 方面做的好be full of充滿bedifferent與 不同frombe strict with sb.對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)bestrict in對(duì)某事要求嚴(yán)格格sth.be proud of以 為榮3、介詞與名詞搭配in time及時(shí)at work在工作on time按時(shí)in fact事實(shí)上at

24、 home在家at once馬上at night晚上in trouble處于困境on foot步行on duty值日in a hurry匆忙in the sun在陽光下1() 1 Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on() 2 -There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon, is there?-No. We can have a game of table tennis.A. on B. in C. out D. up(

25、) 3 A lot of students in our school were born_March, 1981.A. in B. at C. on D. since() 4 Tim suddenly returned_ a rainy night.A. on B. at C. in D. during() 5 My grandfather was born_Oct. 10, 1935.A. on B. in C. at D. of() 6 The train is starting_five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D.still() 7 Mike does

26、his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on2( ) 1 The population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years.A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past ( ) 2 We returned to our hometown_.A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a w

27、eek ( ) 3 Great changes have taken place_.A. in the last few year B. in the last few years C. last year D. on the last year 3( ) 1 Children wake up very early_the morning of Christmas Day.A. in B. on C. for D. at( ) 2 _a cold winter morning, I met her at the bus stop.A. In B. On C. At DFor ( ) 3 It

28、happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet.A. at B. on C. with D. of( ) 4 Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A. on B. / C. at D. in 4( ) 1 He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year.A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; in( ) 2 Lucy was born_

29、the night of May 12, 1984. . .A. on B. in C. at D. to( ) 3 Mrs Brown came to China _ 1996.A.on B. of C. to, D. in( ) 4 _ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning_Joe Hill.A. On; to B. In; of . C. On; for , D. At; for( ) 5 Ann moved_Hangzhou_September, 1992

30、./; in i B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in( ) 6 They started off_an autumn afternoon.A. during B. at C. in D. on 5( ) 1 He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to( ) 2 He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. f A. at; in; at B. to; on; at

31、C. in; on; at D. in; at; on( ) 3 The English teacher told me to get there_ half past ten.A: in B. at C. on D. Of( ) 4 The children get up _ 6 o'clock.A. at B. on C. during D. in 6( ) 1 The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest.A. for; with B. on; without C. about; having D. for; without() 2 Iworkedo

32、n the problem _ a long timeand Iworkeditout_myself_ last.A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the( ) 3 A new factory will be set up:_ a year. A. for B. in C. after D. on ( ) 4 Two years_ he began to write another story-book.A. after B. later ; C. in D. late( ) 5 We will finis

33、h the picture a day.A. in B. on C. after D. on ( ) 6 The workers had been_ strike_almost a month.A. on; in B. at; in C. on; for D. on; during( ) 7 Mr Brown had lain _ the ground _ four hours before they finallyfound him.A. on; for B. at; in C. on; after D. in; during 7( ) 1 The teacher is coming bac

34、k_ an hour.A. after B. for C. in D. before ( ) 2 She lived in the mountain village_ the years 1940-1950.A. between B. during C. in D. since( ) 3 Miss Wang will come to Beijing_ two days.A. after B. in C. on D. before( ) 4 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won _ theend.A. by B

35、. at C. in D. on8( ) 7 Mary had finished her homework_ the time I got home.A. until B. by C. at D. when( ) 2 We stayed at the lab_ our teacher returned.A. till B. by C. during D. while( )3 They didn't leave the station_ they get on the train.A. until B. by C. after y D. at91 Don't worry. He

36、will return_.A. before long B. long before C. long long ago D. long ago 2 There lived an old man, fishing at sea_.A. long before B. before long C. long time ago D. soon 3 It was not _ they came back.A. long before B. before long C. long time before D. long after 4 I was told that his uncle had gone

37、to France .A. long before -B. shortly after C. before long D. long ago 10( ) 1 _ Tom gets up at five in the morning.A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Some times ( ) 2 I remember we met each other_ last year.A. Sometime' B. some times C. some time D. sometimes ( ) 3 Mary and I have been to

38、 the Great Wall,_.A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times( ) 4 He studied English for _ in London, and then he went to America.A. sometimes B. sometime newB. some time B. some times11( ) 1 I don't like to sit _ Tom's right. I would like to sit _ the back row.A. on; in B. in; on C

39、. on; at D. at; on( ) 2 There is a brook_ red flowers and green grass_ both sides. A. ofwith B. with; on C. of; at D. with; in( ) 3 There are many trees _ of the road! And _ of the trees isgrowing larger and larger. .A. on both side; a number B. on each sides; a numberC. on both sides; the number D.

40、 on every side; the number 12( ) 1 The plane is flying _.A. in the sky B. in. the air C. in space D. in sky( ) 2 There is a sweet smell_.A. in the air B. in the open air C. in the sky D. in the space ( ) 3 We held an interesting party_.A. in the air B. in the sky C. in the open air D. in space( ) 4

41、Seen from_, the earth appears to be a big blue ball.A. the space B. space C. a space D. this space13( ) 1 Tom sits_the classroom while John sits_the room.A. in front of; at back of B. in the front of; at the back of C. in front of; at the back of D. in the front of; at back of ( ) 2 Lucy sits_ the t

42、hird row, _Jim's left.A. on; on B. in; at C. at; in D. in; on( ) 3 Jiangsu is_ the east of China, but Japan is _ the east of China.A. to; in B. in; to . C. on; to D. to; on14( ) 1. -Can I look up a word_ your dictionary?-I haven't got_me.A. into; about B. in; with C. at; in D. on; on( ) 2 1

43、like mooncakes _ meat _ them.A. in; on B. with; on C. in; the D. with; in( ) 3 When you are _ trouble please ask help _ us.A. in; from B. in; for C. on; from D. on; of( ) 4 The shopkeeper said they had sold out the shoes_ your size.A. about B. in C. to D. of( ) 5 I saw him_hurry at the moment.A. in

44、a B. in C. on D. on a 15( ) 1 He put up a map _ the back wall because there was a hole _ it.A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at( ) 2 There is a door_ the wall. A. on B. to C. of D.in( ) 3 This kind of VCD is made_ China. .A. in B. from C. at D. on( ) 4 Any man _ eyes_ his head can see that he

45、9;s exactly like a rope.A. with; on B. with; in C. on; with D. in; with16( ) 1 There are some birds singing_ the trees.A. in B. on C. at D. from ( ) 2 Don't read _ the sun. It's bad _ your eyes.A. in; to B. under; for C. with; to D. in; on( ) 3 The woman_ a blue dress is my teacher.A. in B.

46、on C. of D. at( ) 4 There are so many apples_ that tree.A. in JB, on C. at , D. from 17( ) 1 The boat is passing_ the bridge.A. through B. below C. under D. across ( ) 2 Two planes are flying_ the city.A. through B. over , C. on , D, below( ) 3 We can see a river running to the east_ the hill.A. und

47、er B. below C. over D. on( ) 4 Do you see the kite _ the building.A. over B. cross C. on D. above 18( ) 1 The United States is _ the south of Canada and _ the east of Japan.A. to; in B.on;to C. in; beside D. at; on( ) 2 My hometown lies_ the city. _ I often go to the city by bike.A. 50 miles in the

48、east; However B. to the east 40 miles of; ButC. in the east 45 miles from; But D. 35 miles east of; However( ) 3 The man stood_the window, watching the boys playing outside.A. in B. by C. with D. to( ) 4 Japan lies_ the east of China.A. on B/ to C. in D. with19( ) 1 Is the street too narrow for the

49、bus to go _?A. through B. across C. on D. in( ) 2 A mother camel was walking _ her son _ the desert.A. without; along B. with; through C. next to; pass D. beside; through( ) 3 The river runs_ the city.A. across B. through C. over D. from( ) 4 It took us over an hour to walk_ this street.A. from B. t

50、hrough C. over D. across20( ) 1 Uncle Wang arrived_ No. 14 Middle School half an hour ago.A. at B. in C., to D. /( ) 2 Did your friend send you something _ the end of last week?A. at B. by C. in D. to( ) 3 The monument_ those heroes stands_the foot of the mountain.A. of; at B. to; on C. for; by D. t

51、o; at( ) 4 My uncle lives _ 88 Beijing Street.A. to B. of C. at D. on( ) 5 They are waiting _ a bus _ the bus stop.A. for; in B. on; at C. with; at D. for; at21( ) 1 Wood is of ten made_paper.A. by B. from C. of D. into( ) 2 _ research _ the universe scientists have put a lot of information _compute

52、rs.A. With; over; at B." On; at; to C. In; about; into D. For; with; through( ) 3; When a piece of ice is taken _ a warm room, it gets smaller andsmaller until _ the end it disappears completely.A. in; in B. out of; at C. into; in D. to; by( ) 4 A woman fell _ the boat _ the water.A. off; into B. at; below C. down;