中考英語(yǔ)句子成分與五大基本句型

1、英語(yǔ)句子成分與五大基本句型 適用學(xué)科英語(yǔ)適用年級(jí)初三適用區(qū)域全國(guó)課時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)（分鐘）1課時(shí)/60分鐘知識(shí)點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)句子成分與五大基本句型教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)：英語(yǔ)句子成分與五大基本句型方法：簡(jiǎn)明扼要的講解，并配套經(jīng)典習(xí)題的練習(xí)能力：提升對(duì)英語(yǔ)句子成分與五大基本句型的熟練程度教學(xué)重點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)句子成分與五大基本句型教學(xué)難點(diǎn)掌握規(guī)律，正確做題教學(xué)過程一、 課堂導(dǎo)入英語(yǔ)句子有長(zhǎng)在短，有簡(jiǎn)有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實(shí)質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。二、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)上一單元的知識(shí)點(diǎn)之后，以達(dá)到復(fù)習(xí)的效果。然

2、后給學(xué)生一些相關(guān)的單選或其他類型題目，再老師沒有講解的情況下，讓學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考，給出答案與解釋，促進(jìn)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，同時(shí)老師也能發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的盲點(diǎn)，并能有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行后面的講課。3、 知識(shí)講解知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：英語(yǔ)句子成分與五大基本句型1【考查點(diǎn)】英語(yǔ)句子成分句子成分包括：主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ), 補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)，插入語(yǔ)等。一主語(yǔ)名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、wh-+動(dòng)詞不定式、從句都可以作主語(yǔ)。1. Our English teacher is very kind.2. He is a good boy.3. Teaching them English is her job.二、賓語(yǔ)名詞、代

3、詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、wh+動(dòng)詞不定式、從句都可以作賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)包括及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)。1) I dont know the man over there.2) Our teacher will help us to solve these problems.3) Do you enjoy watching the movie? 4) He wants to be an engineer. 直接賓語(yǔ)(sth)和間接賓語(yǔ)(sb)1. He passed me a bottle of salt. = He passed a bottle of salt to me.2. He promised

4、 his teacher to help us.(對(duì)比) He asked his teacher to help him.三表語(yǔ)名詞、形容詞、表示方向或地點(diǎn)的副詞、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、wh+動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句都可以作表語(yǔ)。1) He isnt a teacher.2) John is tall.3) Are they in?4) His full-time job is selling newspapers.(對(duì)比) He is selling newspapers now.5) The cup is broken.(對(duì)比) The cup was broken

5、by the cat last night.6) He was to leave when the phone rang.7) The question is when and where to go for picnic.8) The children are in the reading-room now.9) The question is when and where we will go for a picnic.四定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)可分為：前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)。名詞、形容詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、(單個(gè))動(dòng)詞ing形式、(單個(gè))過去分詞常作前置定語(yǔ)。 1) The farmers ar

6、e planting apple trees.2）The tall boy is Toms elder brother.3) The dancing hall is being repaired now.4) The broken cup isnt mine.5) The sleeping girl is my younger sister.else 常作后置定語(yǔ)。1) Mum, is there anything else for me to do?2) What else did you say at the last meeting?3) Who else went there with

7、 you last night?4) Where else have you been besides Shanghai?形容詞修飾 something, anything, nothing, everything 等詞常作后置定語(yǔ)。1) A: Anything else to buy besides meat? B: Nothing else. Thank you, Jack.2) A: Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper? B: Yes. Look! And here is something important.形容詞短語(yǔ)、

8、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞ing短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞過去分詞短語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)等都常作后置定語(yǔ)。1) The boy full of bravery rushed into the burning house and carried an old lady out.2) Do you know the man with a blue hat on his head?3) Today there is a little homework to do.（比較）Jack is always the first student to arrive.4) The building being built next t

9、o the park is a museum.5) I cant recognize the bike stolen two weeks ago.6) The man whose son is a soldier lives here.注意 enough 和 nearby1) I havent got enough money. I cant afford it.2) We have money enough to afford the tickets.3) If you are in trouble, ask a policeman nearby for help.= If you are

10、in trouble, ask a nearby policeman for help.五狀語(yǔ) 1. 原因狀語(yǔ)1) Tom didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill / because of his illness.2) Having finished my homework, I went out to play football.3) Since all of us are here, lets begin our meeting. 4) As it was late, I made haste to go.2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1) They

11、 will be there at 8:00 a.m. Tomorrow2) The train had left before we got to the railway station.3) It was then that I recognize him at the airport.4) Only when she entered her house, did she find everything stolen.3. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)1) They wanted to go there for help2) My father works in this factory.3) We, you

12、ng people, should go where there are a lot of difficulties.4. 方式狀語(yǔ)1) I will go to visit the museum by bike this Sunday.2) A: How did you get to the mountain? B: On Foot.3) He looked at me strangely.4) The children came into the classroom, singing and laughing.5. 條件狀語(yǔ)真實(shí)條件1) If it rains tomorrow, we w

13、ont go out for a picnic.2) I wont come unless I am invited.= I wont come if not invited.3) You will go out so long as you promise to come back before 10 oclock tonight.(注意) I dont know if he is in the lab now.虛擬條件1) If I were you, I wouldnt say that.2) He would see my uncle if he stayed here now.3)

14、You would have met the famous professor if you had attended the meeting= Had you attended the meeting, you would have met the famous professor.6. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)1) He is so kind that all the children here like him very much.2) John got up so early that he caught the first bus this morning.7. 目的狀語(yǔ)1) He started

15、at 6:00 a.m. in order that he could arrive there in time.= He started at 6:00 a.m. in order to arrive there in time.= He started at 6:00 a.m. so that he could arrive there in time.= He started at 6:00 a.m. so as to arrive there in time.= In order to arrive there in time, he started at 6:00 a.m.8. 讓步

16、狀語(yǔ)1) Although he is young, he knows a lot.= Young as he is, he knows a lot.9. 比較狀語(yǔ) I. 同級(jí)比較1) He is as tall as I.2) This river is twice as long as that one.II. 比較級(jí) 1) Bob is taller than Tom.2) He ran much faster than his classmate, Jack.10. 程度狀語(yǔ)1) He works very hard.2) It is quite hot today.3) This d

17、ictionary is very helpful.六補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可分為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)名詞、形容詞、表示方向地點(diǎn)的副詞、動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞、動(dòng)詞的過去分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等都可以作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1) We all made Jack monitor at the last class meeting. Jack was made monitor at the last class meeting.七同位語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)： Our English teacher, Mr. Wang, is very strict with us. What do you think cause the global

18、 warming?2【考查點(diǎn)】五 大 基 本 句 型1.主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)(這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞)這些動(dòng)詞常見的有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如： The students work very hard. The accident happened yesterday evening.2. 主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ) 這種句型中的系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類： (1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound,

19、 keep, remain, 等。Several players lay flat on the playground. This kind of food tastes terrible. (2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如： Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. Don't have the food. It has gone bad. The facts prove true.3. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞或者

20、可以后接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。同時(shí)，句子中有時(shí)含有與賓語(yǔ)有關(guān)的狀語(yǔ)。如： You can put the books in your bag. Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables. She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage. 4.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)這種句型中作間接賓語(yǔ)的常常指“人”，直接賓語(yǔ)常常指“物”。如： Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present. The old man is te

21、lling the children stories in the Long March.這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：1) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)to sb.； 2) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) for sb如： Please show me your picture. Please show your picture to me. I'll offer you a good chance as long as you dont lose heart. I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart. 5.主語(yǔ)謂

22、語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)這種句型中的賓語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如： He painted the wall white. His mother told him not to play on the street. 注意：動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to。如： The boss made him do the work all day. He was made to work all day by the boss. 四、例題精析 劃分下列句子成分【例題1】 To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday.【答案】To catch the train ,（目的狀語(yǔ))I（主語(yǔ)) got up （謂語(yǔ))early yesterday （時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))【解析】主語(yǔ)：表示句子所說的是什么人或神秘物；謂語(yǔ)：說明主語(yǔ)是什么，做什么或怎么樣；表語(yǔ)：說明主語(yǔ)是說明或怎么樣；賓語(yǔ):表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象；定語(yǔ)：用來修飾名詞或代詞；狀語(yǔ)：用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞?！纠}2】 They are working on the farm no