建筑施工企業(yè)在激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的生存與發(fā)展

1、建筑施工企業(yè)在激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的生存與發(fā)展建筑施工企業(yè)在激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的生存與發(fā)展1 引言1 introduction隨著建筑施工機(jī)械化水平的不斷提高,建筑機(jī)械已成為影響工程進(jìn)度、質(zhì)量和成本的關(guān)鍵因素。 保證施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)建筑機(jī)械經(jīng)常處于良好狀 態(tài)、提高利用率、延長(zhǎng)使用壽命 ,已是施工企業(yè)提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力的重要環(huán)節(jié)。目前在工程機(jī)械維修方面還存在許多問(wèn)題,如何搞好工程機(jī)械維修管理工作 ,提高維修質(zhì)量 ,降低維修費(fèi)用 ,縮短維修時(shí)間是值得我們探討的問(wèn)題。With the continuous improvement of construction mechanization level, const

2、ruction machinery has become a key factor to influence project schedule, quality and cost. Often to ensure the construction site construction machinery in good condition, improve the utilization rate, prolong service life, improve the economic benefit is construction enterprise and enhance competiti

3、on ability important segment. At present there are many problems in the engineering machinery maintenance, how to do a good job of the engineering machinery maintenance management, improve the quality of maintenance, reduce the maintenance cost, shorten the maintenance time is a problem worth our di

4、scussion.2建筑施工機(jī)械保養(yǎng)與維修中存在的問(wèn)題2 the Problems existing in the construction machinery maintenanceand rep air2.1設(shè)備重使用輕保養(yǎng)2.1 equipment heavy use light maintenance由于傳統(tǒng)觀念的束縛，施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)不少施工人員與指揮人員只一味的追 求施工進(jìn)度，對(duì)設(shè)備只注重使用，而對(duì)其維護(hù)保養(yǎng)工作不聞不問(wèn)，這就造成了操作人員為了完成施工指揮人員指定的工作任務(wù)，沒(méi)有時(shí)間對(duì)所操作的機(jī)械設(shè)備進(jìn)行保養(yǎng)的可能 ，如此以來(lái)，等到出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，不得不進(jìn)行大范圍修理工作，不少時(shí)候要更換總

5、成，既浪費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間， 又在無(wú)形之中提高了設(shè)備的修理成本。Due to the bondage of traditional ideas, many construction site con structi on personnel and comma nd personnel only bli ndly pu rsuit of con structi on pr ogress, p aid atte nti on to only on equipment use, and the maintenance work, which creates a comma nd p ers onnel

6、desig nated by the operators in order to complete the construction task, no time for the operation of machinery and equipment for maintenance, so, wait for a pr oblem, have to make a wide range of rep air work, a lot of time to change the assembly, which wastes a lot of time, and in the intangible i

7、n crease the rep air cost of the equipment.2.2維修基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施跟不上2.2 maintenance in frastructure can't kee p up有些較先進(jìn)的設(shè)備，對(duì)配件的質(zhì)量以及燃料、潤(rùn)滑油、液壓油的質(zhì)量 要求較高，一些采購(gòu)人員業(yè)務(wù)知識(shí)欠缺，責(zé)任心不強(qiáng)，購(gòu)置了一些劣質(zhì) 配件和劣質(zhì)油料，使一些較先進(jìn)的機(jī)械設(shè)備，由于使用了劣質(zhì)配件和劣 質(zhì)油料，造成機(jī)械設(shè)備的早期損壞，降低了機(jī)械設(shè)備的使用效率?；蛘?由于工地現(xiàn)場(chǎng)常是地處窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤，交通不便,給工程機(jī)械維修配件采購(gòu) 工作帶來(lái)一定困難，配件訂貨周期長(zhǎng)，因而延長(zhǎng)了設(shè)備停機(jī)時(shí)間，造成 極大損失

8、。Some of the more advaneed equipment, quality of spare parts, and the quality of the fuel, lubricati ng oil, hydraulic oil, the dema nd is higher, some buyers lack of bus in ess kno wledge, the sense of respon sibility is not strong, bought some inferior fittings and inferior oil, make some more adv

9、a need mach inery and equipment, due to the use of in ferior p arts and in ferior oil, due to the early damage of mecha ni cal equipment, reduce the use of mach inery and equipment efficie ncy. Or because the site is located in the hin terla nd, the traffic inconven ie nee, engin eeri ng machi nery

10、rep air p arts p rocureme nt work bring certa in difficulties, accessories order cycle is long, and thus exte nd the equipment dow ntime, caus ing great losses.2.3維修技術(shù)力量薄弱2.3 maintenance tech ni cal force is weak先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和檢測(cè)技術(shù)得不到廣泛應(yīng)用，對(duì)于制造精度越來(lái)越高、結(jié)構(gòu)越來(lái)越復(fù)雜和控制技術(shù)越來(lái)越先進(jìn)的現(xiàn)代設(shè)備，很難憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)故障隱患。許多的施工企業(yè)都實(shí)行二級(jí)單位承包制，設(shè)

11、備和維修、技術(shù)人員都分散到各施工點(diǎn)，而各施工點(diǎn)的技術(shù)力量、水平參 差不齊，不能及時(shí)解決維修疑難問(wèn)題，延長(zhǎng)了停機(jī)時(shí)間，影響了維修質(zhì) 量。Adva need compu ter tech no logy and detecti on tech no logy is not widely used, for manufacturing precision is higher and higher, the structure is more and more comp lex and con trol tech no logy is more and more adva need moder n e

12、quipmen t, it is difficult to found the p roblems in time accord ing to exp erie nee. Many con structi on companies have a sec on daryun it of con tract system, equipment and maintenan ce, tech ni cal p ers onnel are dis persed to each ShiGo ngDia n, and each ShiG on gDia n tech no logy strength and

13、 their proficiencies of English vary, not timely solve the maintenance p roblems, exte nded the dow ntime, affect the maintenance quality.2.4設(shè)備維修滯后浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重2.4 maintenance lag waste is serious由于目前大部分施工企業(yè)還未能有效地實(shí)行點(diǎn)檢制度等保養(yǎng)措施，設(shè)備維修管理往往局限于“事后維修” “預(yù)防維修”意識(shí)不夠，對(duì)設(shè)備的 故障及劣化現(xiàn)象未能早期發(fā)覺(jué)、早期預(yù)防、早期修理 ，以致造成人力、物力、財(cái)力不必要的浪費(fèi)；施工企業(yè)機(jī)械

14、設(shè)備“浪費(fèi)維修”的現(xiàn)象也 十分嚴(yán)重，個(gè)別維修人員為了貪圖方便，對(duì)一些仍有很大修復(fù)價(jià)值的舊 件不加以修復(fù)利用，任憑其主觀隨意地報(bào)廢，更有甚者，不考慮其他設(shè) 備的整體性能，采取“拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻”的做法，得過(guò)且過(guò),只要機(jī)械能動(dòng) 就交差了事，結(jié)果也只會(huì)是事倍功半。Because most of construction enterprises also failed to effectivelyH；implement the tally system maintenance measures, such as equipment maintenance management are often conf

15、ined to "in" "preventive maintenan ce" con scious nessis not eno ugh, the equipment failure and degradatio n phenomenon is not found early, early p reve nti on, early rep air, so as to cause unnecessarywaste of manpower, material and financial resources; Construction enterprise e

16、quipment waste "maintenance" phenomenon is very serious, the in dividual maintenance personnel in order to convenien ce, for some value still has a lot to rep air old n ot rep air them to use, let its subjective casually discard, what is more, not to consider the overall performanee of the

17、 other equipment, a policy of "robb ing P eter to pay P aul", muddle along, as long as mecha ni cal work is a job, the results also can only be the wasted effort.2.5設(shè)備維修人才建設(shè)不全2.5 equipment maintenance personnel training市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期的施工企業(yè)追求的是經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，致力于工程機(jī)械設(shè)備的 完好率和利用率，施工不僅要結(jié)構(gòu)合理，更要有各有所長(zhǎng)的各類人才。施工企業(yè)在設(shè)備管理

18、方面都應(yīng)配備機(jī)務(wù)管理、工程機(jī)械操作、工程機(jī) 械維修、工程機(jī)械設(shè)備材料管理等人員。而有些單位為了節(jié)約開(kāi)支 不顧個(gè)人能力，常常一人兼多職，比如管Market economy p eriod of the con structi on enterp rise is the pu rsuit of econo mic ben efit, is committed to engin eeri ng machi nery equipment in tact rate and utilizati on, the con structi on is not only to reas on able struc

19、ture, more must have the strengths of all kinds of talents.Con structi on en ter prises in the equipment man ageme nt should be equipped with management and operation of engineering machinery, engin eeri ng mach in ery, engin eeri ng mach inery and equipment maintenance material man ageme nt, etc. A

20、nd some of the un its in order to save mon ey, regardless of in dividual ability, ofte n one person more hats, such as tube理人員兼設(shè)備材料管理，操作人員兼維修人員。由于技術(shù)能力不足和 精力不夠，這些兼職工作人員常常不能滿足工程機(jī)械維修工作的需 要。工程機(jī)械操作人員和維修人員的技術(shù)水平直接影響著工程機(jī)械的 技術(shù)狀況、經(jīng)濟(jì)性和完好率。目前來(lái)說(shuō)，大部分施工企業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都不是學(xué)機(jī)械出身的，他們認(rèn)為維修技術(shù)人員的工作只不過(guò)是填填表，機(jī)器壞了換些零件這些簡(jiǎn)單工作而已，從而對(duì)維修技術(shù)人員

21、的重視不夠。Material and equipment management, operating and maintenance personn el. Due to lack of tech ni cal ability and effort is not eno ugh, these p art-time staff ofte n cannot meet the n eeds of the engin eeri ng mach inery maintenance work. Con structi on mach inery op erators and maintenance per

22、sonnel of the technical level directly affects the construction machi nery's tech no logy state, economy and pipe. For now, most of the con structi on enterp rise's leadersh ipis not lear n mecha ni cal backgro und, they thi nk that maintenance tech ni cia ns to work is just fill in the form

23、, the machi ne is broke n in some p arts of these sim pie work, not eno ugh atte ntio n to maintenance tech ni cia ns.3做好建筑機(jī)械保養(yǎng)與維修工作的對(duì)策Three countermeasures for construction machinery maintenance and rep air work3.1設(shè)備保養(yǎng)與維修當(dāng)以預(yù)防為主3.1 equipment maintenance and rep air in p reve ntio n以預(yù)防性維修為主，即在設(shè)備故障發(fā)生前

24、，按照設(shè)備的大、中、小型維 修計(jì)劃或相應(yīng)的技術(shù)規(guī)定進(jìn)行維修保養(yǎng)，以保證設(shè)備正常運(yùn)行，使生產(chǎn) 順利進(jìn)行。對(duì)于主要生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，在日常巡檢中做到隨時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，隨時(shí) 整改,以避免造成設(shè)備停機(jī)故障而影響生產(chǎn)等隱患。為了確保車間正 常生產(chǎn)，把需要檢修的設(shè)備均放在節(jié)假日，這樣對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行必要的檢修 是非?？茖W(xué)的，避免了由于檢修設(shè)備而使車間停產(chǎn)給企業(yè)造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損 失。With preventive maintenance is given priority to, namely before the equipment failure, according to the equipment of large, me

25、dium and small maintenance p la n or releva nt tech ni cal regulati ons, carry out rep airs and maintenan ce, in order to en sure the no rmal op erati on of equipment, make the p roducti on smoothly. For the main p roducti on equipment, to do in the daily insp ecti on found the p roblem at any time,

26、 at any time the rectificati on, in order to avoid caus ing equipment outages and affect the production etc. In order to ensure the normal production, the need to overhaul of equipment are on holiday, so for the n ecessary maintenance of equipment is very scie ntific, avoid because of maintenance eq

27、uipment and make the workshop production caused economic losses to the enterp rise.3.2采用適用的維修新技術(shù)3.2 the app licable maintenance new tech no logy根據(jù)設(shè)備的狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)和故障診斷技術(shù)，在對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行維修的同時(shí)，適時(shí) 地進(jìn)行設(shè)備的局部技術(shù)改造和更新，建立專業(yè)分工的維修體制，配備先 進(jìn)的維修機(jī)具，掌握維修新技術(shù)，培育維修質(zhì)量好、工期短的維修能力； 對(duì)燃料、潤(rùn)滑油料實(shí)行科學(xué)管理，根據(jù)油質(zhì)化驗(yàn)結(jié)果確定使用期。這 樣可以花費(fèi)較少的資金，提高設(shè)備的整體性能，從而大大提高經(jīng)

28、濟(jì)效益 和社會(huì)效益。Accord ing to equipment con diti on mon itori ng and fault diag no sis tech no logy, maintenance on the equipment at the same time, timely tech ni cal reno vatio n and up date equipment part and set up the system of maintenance of specialization, equipped with advaneed machines and tools m

29、aintenan ce, new tech no logy to mai nta in and foster good maintenance quality, time limit for a project short maintenance ability;We impiement scientific management for fuel, lubricating oil, oil test results accord ing to determ ine the lifes pan. So I can spend less money, improve the overall pe

30、rformanee of the equipment, so as to greatly improve the econo mic ben efit and social ben efit.3.3保養(yǎng)與維修相結(jié)合3.3 maintenance and rep air維護(hù)保養(yǎng)是修理的基礎(chǔ)，修理是維護(hù)保養(yǎng)的保證，兩者同等重要，缺一 不可。做好設(shè)備的維護(hù)保養(yǎng)工作，及時(shí)處理發(fā)生的問(wèn)題，隨時(shí)改善設(shè)備 的技術(shù)狀況，防患于未然，把事故消滅在發(fā)生之前，就能穩(wěn)操主動(dòng)權(quán)。大 量事實(shí)證明，機(jī)械維修保養(yǎng)工作做得好與壞，很大程度上直接關(guān)系到機(jī) 械能否正常運(yùn)行，能否充分發(fā)揮效能和壽命，關(guān)系到企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和生產(chǎn)安全。工

31、程機(jī)械的維修保養(yǎng)工作目前仍舊堅(jiān)持傳統(tǒng)的清潔、緊固、 調(diào)整、潤(rùn)滑和防腐。在此基礎(chǔ)上，有條件的企業(yè)應(yīng)盡可能地將狀態(tài)監(jiān) 測(cè)與維護(hù)保養(yǎng)工作結(jié)合起來(lái)，提高維護(hù)保養(yǎng)工作的科技水平。Maintenance is the basis of the rep air, rep air is a guara ntee of maintenance, both are equally important, be short of one cannot.Equi pment maintenance work, timely deal with the p roblem, improve the tech no logy

32、 of the equipment at any time, nip in the bud, to elim in ate the accident before happening, can hold the initiative. Lots of facts have proven that mechanical maintenance work is doing good and bad, to a large exte nt is directly related to mach ine can run no rmally, can give full p lay to the eff

33、icie ncy and life span, is related to the econo mic ben efits of enterp rises and p roducti on safety. Engin eeri ng machi nery maintenance work is curre ntly still adhere to traditi onal clea n and tighte n, adjustme nt, lubrication and corrosion protection. On this basis, the conditional enterp ri

34、ses should as far as po ssible comb ined con diti on mon itori ng and maintenance work, improve the maintenance level of scienee and tech no logy.3.4加強(qiáng)維修人員培訓(xùn)3.4 to stre ngthe n the maintenance personnel trai ning企業(yè)可以針對(duì)維修技術(shù)的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，選擇有主動(dòng)性、有責(zé)任心、有能力的中高級(jí)人才參加國(guó)家和行業(yè)主辦的高級(jí)技術(shù)人才培訓(xùn)；或是從工程機(jī)械生產(chǎn)廠家、高等院校、科研機(jī)構(gòu)聘請(qǐng)專家為本企業(yè)有針對(duì)

35、性的 培訓(xùn);或是直接參加工程機(jī)械生產(chǎn)廠家、高等院校、科研機(jī)構(gòu)舉辦的 學(xué)習(xí)班。然后由這些高級(jí)技術(shù)人員再負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)企業(yè)內(nèi)部一般技術(shù)人員及 管理人員的培訓(xùn)，再由一般技術(shù)人員及管理人員對(duì)機(jī)械操作手培訓(xùn)。企業(yè)培訓(xùn)要堅(jiān)持系統(tǒng)性原則，要有組織計(jì)劃地、系統(tǒng)地補(bǔ)充和更新必 要的基礎(chǔ)理論知識(shí)和專業(yè)知識(shí)，并要緊密聯(lián)系實(shí)際，采用分階段逐步提 高的辦法培養(yǎng)出知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)合理，能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備管理與維修的專門 人才。Enterp rise can accord ing to the maintenance tech no logy of the weak link, choose to have the initiative,

36、has the sense of responsibility, has the ability of senior personnel to p artic ip ate in the n ati onal and in dustry's senior technical personnel training; Or from engineering machinery manufacturer, institutions of higher learning, scientific research in stituti ons to hire exp erts as the co

37、mpany targeted trai ning; Or directly to p artic ip ate in the con structi on mach inery manu facturers, worksh ops held by the in stituti ons of higher lear ning, scie ntific research in stitutio n. And then by the senior technical personnel to be responsible for general tech ni cal p ers onnel and man ageme nt p ers onnel training with in the enterprise, then the general mechanical manipulator and training of tech ni cal personnel and man ageme nt personn el. Enterp rise want to in sist on the principle of systematic tr