【良心出品】holysonnet10

1、Holy sonnentIO 譯文越能早日獲得身體的休息，靈魂的解脫。 你是命運(yùn)、機(jī)會(huì)、君主、亡命徒的奴隸， 你和毒藥、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、疾病同住在一起， 罌粟和咒符和你的打擊相比，同樣， 甚至更能催我入睡；那你何必趾高氣揚(yáng)呢? 睡了一小覺(jué)之后，我們便永遠(yuǎn)覺(jué)醒了， 再也不會(huì)有死亡，你死神也將死去。死神，你莫驕傲死神，你莫驕傲，盡管有人說(shuō)你 如何強(qiáng)大，如何可怕，你并不是這樣； 你以為你把誰(shuí)誰(shuí)誰(shuí)打倒了，其實(shí)， 可憐的死神，他們沒(méi)死；你現(xiàn)在也還殺不死我。休息、睡眠，這些不過(guò)是你的寫(xiě)照， 既能給人享受，那你本人提供的一定更多； 我們最美好的人隨你去得越早， 介紹 The Holy Sonnets are a se

2、ries of nineteen poems by the English poet John Donne.Many of the po ems are believed to have bee n writte n in 1609 and 1610, duri ng a p eriod of great personal distress and strife for Donne who suffered a comb in atio n of p hysical, emoti on al, and finan cial hardsh ips duri ng this time. This

3、was also a time of personal religious turmoil as Donne was in the pro cess of conversion from Roma n Catholicism to An glica ni sm, and would take holy orders in 1615 des pite profound relucta nee and sig ni fica nt self-doubt about beco ming a p riest. I n Holy Sonn ets, Donne addresses religious t

4、hemes of mortality, divi ne judgme nt, divi ne love, and humble penance while reflect ing dee ply personal an xieties.Tone Hop eful Highly in flue need by the dictio n and imageryAnalysis |該詩(shī)以語(yǔ)意的逐層遞進(jìn)為特點(diǎn)，由三組四行詩(shī)和一個(gè)偶句組成。第一組四行詩(shī)以擬人的手法呼吁死神不要驕傲,(“Death, be not proud )起句突兀，表達(dá)了對(duì)死神的嘲笑和蔑視，然后立刻指出死神不應(yīng)驕傲的第一條理由：Fo

5、r those, whom thou think ' sthou dostoverthrow, Die not, poor Death, nor yet canst thou kill me.”第二組四行詩(shī)指出死神無(wú)需驕傲的另一條理由：死亡不過(guò)是更安逸的休息、更甜美的睡眠，“ Much P leasure,then from thee much more must f low, 人們都會(huì)爭(zhēng)著希望得到身體的休息, r bones, and soul ' s delivery.第三組四行詩(shī)嘲笑死神奴隸般的從屬地位：靈魂的解脫，“ Rest of their"Thou

6、9; rt slave to Fate, cha nee, kin gs, and des perate men, And dost with poison, war, and s ickness dwell,并以'罌粟和咒符來(lái)襯托死神的無(wú)能為力：“ And poppyor charms can make us slee p as well, And better tha n thy stroke"既然這樣，你何必趾高氣揚(yáng)呢？“why swell ' st thou then?”這三組四行詩(shī)以不同的理由對(duì)死神威脅的解構(gòu)確實(shí)已非同一般。然而，接下來(lái)的偶句并不放過(guò)對(duì)死神的

7、最 后一擊：睡一小覺(jué)之后，我們便永遠(yuǎn)覺(jué)醒了，再也不會(huì)有死亡，不可一世的死神將走向自身的死亡，“ AndDeath shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die."詩(shī)歌的說(shuō)理遞進(jìn)模式在此戛然而止，生與死原有意義上的關(guān)系 徹底逆轉(zhuǎn)：死亡是瞬間的，將很快不復(fù)存在，而死后的歡樂(lè)則是永恒的，人對(duì)于死亡的畏懼變成了死亡自 身的恐懼，死亡對(duì)于人來(lái)說(shuō)不過(guò)是通往幸福永生的大門(mén)。In this po em, Donne uses a variety of po etic eleme nts. These eleme nts function in enhancing t

8、he work ' s unconventional themof man's superiority over death.“ Die not pooThroughout the po em, there is a stro ng use of ass onance, the rep etiti on of vowel sound with in a p hrase. The sound of the words helps in structuri ng Donn e's writi ng. Nearly every line contains a repetiti

9、on of "o" sounds .In the following line, an example of this device is clear: Death, nor yet canst thou kill me." The freque nt use of ass onance does not directly enhance the po em's theme, yet it does help convey its message more vividly by making the lines flow, thus allowi ng t

10、he reader to un dersta nd each sta nza more easily. Since each in dividual line and its associated thought are easy to un dersta nd, the cen tral idea of the en tire poem is easy to un dersta nd too.John Donne effectively uses tone to enhance the poem's theme. The work has a tone of triumphant c

11、on fide nee and defia nee in the face of death. Donne boldly denoun ces death, making it clear that he is not con trolled by the fear of it as others ofte n are. Although many may believe death to be mighty and dreadful, he feels this is not so. Donne sees death as being dependent on mankind for its

12、 survival. Death relies on fate, cha nee unfortun ate occurre nces, the legislatio n of kin gs, and the actions of des perate men to claim its victims. This dependence in itself is a weak ness, in that death is not self-s upporting, yet relies on certa in asp ects of the lives of people. Donne's

13、 final and most derogatory comment comes in the poem's final lines where he portrays death as nothing more tha n a tran siti on into an eternally vast afterlife; Death is a short slee p from which we wake forever. It is nothing to fear in this situati on. And, in this afterlife, death no Ion ger

14、 exists or poses a threat. Death itself dies. All of these examples of Donne's use of tone greatly enhance the po em's theme that man is sup erior to death. Death's in timidati on is dimini shed as he points out its weak nesses one by one and bravely faces it head on.It is also someth in

15、g not com monly personi fied and sp oke n to. The comb in ati on of a personi fied Death and the reference to it by means of apostrophe is very effective and crucial to the po em's theme. Donne is better able to pro fess (openly declare) his sup eriority over death by show ing it as a huma n adv

16、ersary, cap able of defeat, rather tha n an uncon trollable n atural force. His desire to prove his freedom from the imprisonment of fear is visible in the angry and arroga nt mono logue he p rese nts to death in his po em. Donnes a'lsefeerieg pressed in a situati onwhich people can relate to a

17、confrontation in which one party addresses another. The superiority theme is enhanced as a result of this man-versus -man conflict depiction.Theme： Man is superior to Death死亡是瞬間的，將很快不復(fù)存在，而死后的歡樂(lè)則是永恒的,人對(duì)于死亡的畏懼變成了死亡自身的恐懼，死亡對(duì)于人來(lái)說(shuō)不過(guò)是通往幸福永生的大門(mén)。這種強(qiáng)烈的戲劇 化效果和反諷意味的獲得最終是通過(guò)悖論語(yǔ)言實(shí)現(xiàn)的?！?Death Be Not Proud ” is amon

18、g the most famous and most beloved poems in English literature. Its popularity lies in its message of hope couched in eloquent, quotable Iangua ge. Donne ' s theme tells the reader that death has no right to be pro ud, since huma n beings do not die but live eter nally after “ one short sleep. ”

19、 Although some people depict death as mighty and powerful, it is really a lowly slave that depends on luck, accide nts, decrees, murder, disease, and war to put men to slee p. But a simple poppy (whose seeds provide a juice to make a narcotic) and various charms (incan tatio ns, amulets, sp ells, et

20、c.) can also in duce slee p and do it better tha n death can. After a human being ' s soul leaves the body and enters eternity, it lives on; only death dies.Figures of Sp eechD onne relies p rimarily on personi ficati on, a type of meta phor, that exte nds through the entire poem. (Such an exten

21、ded metaphor is often called a conceit.) Thus, death becomes a person whom Donne addresses, using the sec ond-person sin gular (imp lied or stated as thou, thee, and thy). Donne also uses alliterati on, as the followi ng lines illustrate:Alliteration For those whom thou think'st thou dost overth

22、rowDie not, poor Death, nor yet canst thou kill meMuch pl easure; the n from thee much more must flowAnd dost with poison, war, and sick ness dwell And better tha n thy stroke; why swell'st thou the n One short slee p p ast, we wake eter nally (Note: One begi ns with a w sound; thus, it allitera

23、tes with we and wake.)And death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt dieMetaphorThou Death art slave to fate, cha nee, kin gs, and des perate menComp aris on of death to a slaveMetaphor With Personification Death, be not proud Comparison of death to a person Paradox and Irony Donne ends the poem with

24、 paradox and irony: Death, thou shalt die.P oetic elementsAssonance半諧音)refers to the repetition of vowel sounds within a phrase. Nearly every line contains a repetition of“ o" sounds.For example,“ Die not, poor death, nor yet canst thou kill meThe frequent use of assonance does not directly enh

25、ance the poem' s theme, yet it helps conveyits message more vividly by making the lines flow, thus making readers to un dersta nd each sta nza more easily.P ersonificationCapitaliz ing Death (li ne 1)the huma n trait ofDonne personi fies death in his po em, cap italiz ing the word and givi ng it

26、 pride.By telli ng death not to be pro ud, he imp lies death does not have the ability to feel pro ud.Apo stro pheAddress ing Death (li ne 1)Donne addresses some one (death) intan gible in this po em.EnjambmentThe running over of the sense and grammatical structure from one verse line or couplet to

27、the n ext without a pun ctuated p ause Lines 1-2s supeAll these p oetic eleme nts' function in this poem is emp hasiz ing the theme of manover deathThe poem imp lies an unsp oke n fear that death can still p ack a wall op only good and faithful Christia ns will enjoy eter nal life, while every o

28、ne else will spend eter nity sufferi ng the pains of hell, a fate that Christia ns believe to be much worse tha n death.Purpose of Commas?A comma creates a p ause in the sentenceHow is the poet trying to defi ne death in this sonn et?A small p ause in our existe neeStyle：wrote a compi ex, highly in

29、tellectual verse filled with in tricate and far-fetched meta phors.His works are no table for their realistic and sen sual style and in clude sonn ets, love po etry, religious po ems, Lat in tran slati ons, epi grams, elegies, son gs, satires and serm ons. His po etry is no ted for its vibrancy of I

30、an guage and inven tive ness of meta phor, esp ecially as com pared to that of his contempo raries.John Donne's masculine, ingenious style is characterized by abrupt openings, paradoxes, dislocations, argumentative structure, and "conceitswhich imnOgetfeiings seem in gly un like.These featu

31、res in comb in atio n with his frequent dramatic or everyday sp eech rhythms, his tense syn tax, and his tough eloque nee were both a react ion aga inst the smooth ness of conven ti onal Elizabetha n po etry and an ada ptati on into En glish of European baroque and mann erist tech niq ues.Rebelli on

32、 aga inst the conven ti onal imagery of the Elizabetha n lyric.Po ems are in tellectually complexIrregular rhythms, sta nzasColloquial, conden sed Ian guage, give and take of actual sp eechUse of meta physical con ceit: ingenio us, stra in ed; links images from differe nt con texts;in tellectual; su

33、btle argume ntSamuel Joh nson:"a comb in ati on of dissimilar images or discovery of occult resembla nces inthings apparently unlike. The most heterogeneous ideas are yoked by violenee together. Nature and art are ran sacked for illustrati ons, comp aris ons and allusi ons”.SummaryJoh n Donn e&

34、#39;s poem deals with the subject of death, com monly used in various literary works. The sp eaker exp resses his view that death is not Someth ing to be feared, as it ofte ntimes is, and has bee n, since the begi nning of time. He the n goes on to explain the basis for his argume nt. He points out

35、the weak nesses of death and, with a triu mphant and con fide nt tone, declares his victory over it by means of his lack of respect and fear for its implications. Donne belittles death by comme nti ng on its strong dependence on huma ni ty. He goes on to describe it as a mere tran siti on, which doe

36、s not serve as an end, but in stead, a new awake ning to an eter nal afterlife.CommentsSome critics argue that Donne's sp eaker is trying to convince himself that death is not to be feared, and failing dismally;The poems ' various arguments do not at all address the speaker's basic fears

37、. E.g., he argues on flimsy evide nee that death must be better tha n slee p (5-6), the n that slee p is better tha n death (11-12). The last 4 words of the po em, which should crow n the argume nt, actually un derm ine it: if death is nothing to be afraid of, the sp eaker can hardly use it as a thr

38、eat.John Carey notes, "He stamps his foot with fine dramatic conclusiveness, and plummets straight through a trap door. It sp oils the act, but improves the po em, for it shows how little its reasoning have impin ged on the sp eaker's basic fears.“Carey's in sight into this poem is gen

39、eralized by R.T Jon es: it is freque ntly claimed that Donn e's po etry shows a compi ete union of thought and feeli ng, but Jones argues that what we usually get is the exact oppo site, a sense of con flict or tension betwee n what the heart wants to be true or fears to be true and what the min

40、d knows or can argue; a sense of the poet always trying to convince himself of someth ing. We no ted this po ssibility inA Valedict ion:Forbidding Mourning .But we would not be thinking in terms of terror at all if we had taken seriously the earlier arguments, e.g., "from rest and slee p"-

41、 we don't take this seriously because we do not really accept that the relation between death and sleep is in all important resp ects the same as the relation between a p icture and the thing depi cted; we cannot really believe that if a p icture gives us pl easure the thing it depi cts.Holy Son

42、net 10-Death, to be not proudThe poem is addressed to p hysical death which poet thinks is not frighte ning. And the n the p oem explains why death is n ot afraid worthy. Within those words there are several themes.From line one to line four, poet p rese nts his differe nt attitude towards death and

43、 shows his courage. Death is mighty and dreadful, and can kill people freely to some people, but p oet overthrow theimpression. Poet tells death not to proud, and he even calls death a poor death. The so-called mighty death thinks he has the power to kill people, but actually he does not. But how co

44、uld death be death without the power of killing. Poet quotes the definition of death in the Bible. The Bible describes death as separation: physical death is the separation of the soul from the body, and spiritual death is the separation of the soul from God. The death in the poem is physical death.

45、 Death can not kill people, because death can not destroy the spiritual life.From line five to line eight, poet compares the death to rest and sleep, and presents the death of best men. Rest and sleep brings pleasure to people, but death can bring more pleasure than rest and sleep. So, there is no r

46、eason for people to afraid of death. After the best men followed with death, their physical bodies get pleasant rest and their spiritual life just begin.From line nine to line twelve, poet introduces the methods that death uses to kill people physically. Death only is a hatchet man for fate, chance,

47、 kings, and separate men. Fate is thought to control everything happens to people, including when should one dies. Chance is the opposite of fate. Chance is luck, the possibility of things that will happen to someone. Kings are from different perspective. Kings are real power in human world, but the

48、y can also have the power to decide one 'lsife. Desperate men have no power to control their fates; they have no chance or power. However, desperate men can make a suicide choice. They have the rights to control their own life. Poison, war, sickness dwell, poppy and charms are the methods death uses to kill people.theIn the line five and six, poet compares death to rest and sleep. In the line thirteen, past ”means the physical death past; “ wewake eternally m”eans our spiritual life just begins. During this piece of work, John Donne had suffered a major illness during his eighth