2020秋高二英語外研版選修7學(xué)案：Module 6　The World''s Cultural Heritage Section Ⅱ Grammar——虛擬語氣和狀語從句 Word版含解析

1、module 6the worlds cultural heritage section grammar虛擬語氣和狀語從句語法圖解 課文原句感知they have recommended that the site be closed and repaired.they have suggested that the general public be encouraged to help with the problem.a professor at the academy has proposed that a fund be established to raise money.mary

2、 speaks as if she were chinese.its high time that we should have/had a rest.as long as youve got a raincoat, youll be ok.just stay where you are and dont move.hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.whatever happens, youre going to have a marvelous time.the little child eats whatever we give him.語法領(lǐng)

3、悟(1)以上句中，句謂語動詞均使用了虛擬語氣。從句中用should動詞原形，should可以省略。(2)句中黑體部分分別引導(dǎo)條件、地點、讓步狀語從句。(3)由句可知， as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，句子要采用倒裝語序。(4)句中黑體部分引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，句中引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。一、虛擬語氣1虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用(1)在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用advise, recommend, demand, propose, require, desire, insist(堅決要求)，suggest(建議), order, request等表示“建議、命令、要求、愿望”等的動詞后接的賓語從句通常用虛擬語氣，此時從句謂

4、語用“should動詞原形”，其中should可省略。janes pale face suggested that she was ill, and her parents suggested that she (should) have a physical examination.簡蒼白的臉色表明她生病了，她的父母建議她做個體檢。he requested the work (should) be finished by the weekend.他要求周末前完成工作。he proposed that we (should) go for a walk.他提議我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉?。the boss r

5、equired that the workers (should) work all night.老板要求工人們整夜工作。the doctor strongly recommended that he (should) take a holiday.醫(yī)生強(qiáng)烈建議他休假。名師點津 當(dāng)insist作“堅持說，固執(zhí)己見”解，suggest作“表明，暗示”解時，其后的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。試比較：we insist that you (should) accept these gifts.我們堅決要求你收下這些禮物。he insisted that he had done right.他堅持說自己做對

6、了。i suggested to him that we (should) deal with the problem in another way.我向他建議我們用另一種方式處理這個問題。his cold response suggested that he didnt like the idea.他冷漠的回應(yīng)表明他并不喜歡這個主意。would rather后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，從句謂語主要有兩種形式：i would rather you came to see me tomorrow.我寧愿你明天來看我。i would rather you hadnt told me the fact.

7、我寧愿你沒有告訴我實情。即學(xué)即練1單句語法填空i told her she shouldnt swim after a whole nights coughing, but she refused to give up and insisted she (should)_go (go)解析：句意：我告訴她，她咳了整整一晚上之后不應(yīng)該再游泳，但是她拒絕放棄并堅持去。insist作“堅決要求”講時，其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。we would rather our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us

8、, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.解析：句意：我們寧愿我們的女兒和我們待在家里，但是這是她的選擇，并且她不再是個孩子了。would rather的意思是“希望，寧愿”，后接從句時，從句常用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用一般過去時來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿侍顂tayed。(2)在主語從句中的應(yīng)用it is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day.我們每天打掃房間是有必要的。it is required that middle school students (s

9、hould) take at least one hours exercise every day.中學(xué)生被要求每天至少鍛煉一個小時。(3)在同位語從句中的應(yīng)用advice, suggestion, proposal, request, requirement, order, demand等表示建議、要求、命令、愿望等的名詞后的同位語從句通常用虛擬語氣，從句謂語形式為“(should)動詞原形”。we agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to beijing for sightseeing.我們同意他提出的去北京觀光的建議。he gave

10、the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once.他下令部隊馬上撤退。(4)在表語從句中的應(yīng)用 advice, suggestion, proposal, request, requirement, order, demand等表示建議、要求、命令、愿望等的名詞后的表語從句通常用虛擬語氣，從句謂語形式為“(should)動詞原形”。his suggestion is that we (should) persuade her to stay here first.他的建議是我們首先說服她待在這兒。my desire is that we (

11、should) not quarrel over such things.我的愿望是我們不要為這樣的事情爭吵。2虛擬語氣的其他用法(1)as if/as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句as if/as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句表示與事實相反的情況或?qū)戆l(fā)生的可能性不大，從句用虛擬語氣。不同虛擬條件下謂語的形式：he speaks as if/as though he knew all about it.他說起話來就好像他完全知道這件事似的。he talks about pyramids as if/as though he had seen them himself.他談?wù)撈鸾鹱炙砭秃?/p>

12、像他自己曾經(jīng)見過似的。特別提醒 as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句若陳述的是一般事實或所說的事情將來出現(xiàn)的可能性很大，那么從句可以不用虛擬語氣。(2)its (high/about) time (that).句型該主從復(fù)合句中that引導(dǎo)的定語從句通常用虛擬語氣，此時從句謂語動詞的形式為過去式或“should動詞原形”，必須注意的是should不能省去。it is about time that we were off.我們該離開了。it is high time that you should teach him to behave himself.早該是你教他守規(guī)矩的時候了。(3)if only

13、后的句子if only后的句子常用虛擬語氣，句子謂語用一般過去時表示當(dāng)前沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望，用過去完成時表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望。if only she had known where to find you.當(dāng)時她要是知道去哪兒找你就好了。if only i knew the answer.我要是知道答案就好了。即學(xué)即練2單句語法填空it was john who broke the window. why are you talking to me as if i had_done (do) it?解析：此處as if從句后面使用了虛擬語氣，因為第一句交代john打破窗戶是過去發(fā)生的事情，所以此

14、處表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。dont handle the vase as if it were (be) made of steel.解析：考查虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法。as if在此引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。由語境可知，顯然花瓶不是鋼做的，那么該狀語從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，所以從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而be動詞通常用were。jack is a great talker. its high time that he did (do) something instead of just talking.解析：考查虛擬語氣在定語從句中的用法。此處表

15、示杰克總是夸夸其談。他真該做點兒實事了，而不是光說不做。its high time that.句型中，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句中謂語動詞通常用一般過去時或“should動詞原形”， should不能省略。二、狀語從句(地點、條件、讓步)1地點狀語從句地點狀語從句表示地點，常見的引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的連詞有：where, wherever。where there is a will, there is a way.諺有志者，事竟成。you can park your car wherever you like in this area.在這個地區(qū)，你可以在任何你喜歡的地方停車。wuhan lies

16、 where the yangtze river and the han river meet.武漢位于長江和漢江的交匯處。即學(xué)即練3(1)選擇填空_ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.awherebascin case dnow that答案：a解析：句意：在他曾經(jīng)想要放棄的地方，他現(xiàn)在有更進(jìn)一步繼續(xù)前行的決心。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處缺少地點狀語，因此用where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。故選a。(2)單句語法填空i cannot hear the p

17、rofessor clearly as there is too much noise where i am sitting.解析：句意：我聽不清教授講話，因為我坐的那個地方噪音太大。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，_ i am sitting作狀語，表示地點，所以用where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。half an hour later, lucy still couldnt get a taxi where the bus had dropped her.解析：句意：半小時以后，露西在她下公共汽車的地方仍然沒有坐上出租車。where在此引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，表示“在地方”。2條件狀語從句條件狀語從句表示條件，對應(yīng)的

18、主句表示結(jié)果。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有if, unless, in case, as/so long as, supposing (that), provided/providing (that), assuming (that), on condition that等。i wont go to the party unless im invited.除非被邀請，否則我不會去參加聚會的。in case you need something, please dont hesitate to let me know.如果你需要什么東西，請別猶豫讓我知道。i will lend this book

19、to you on condition that you return it to me on time.如果你能按時把這本書還給我，我就把它借給你。即學(xué)即練4選擇填空she says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.aif bunlesscafter dwhen答案：b解析：句意：她說她將不得不關(guān)掉商店，除非生意好轉(zhuǎn)。unlessif.not(如果不)，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，符合句意。if表示“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，但不符合句意；after和when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。3讓步狀語從句(1)讓步狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞讓步狀語從

20、句表示讓步關(guān)系。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞通?？煞譃樗念悾篽e will come on time even though/if it rains.即使下雨，他也會準(zhǔn)時來。no matter what/whatever you may do, do it well.不論你做什么，好好地做。while i like the color of the hat, i do not like its style.我雖然喜歡這頂帽子的顏色，但是不喜歡它的樣式。(2)注意事項though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；但是as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，且作表語的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)位于句

21、首時，名詞前不加冠詞。though he is only fifteen years old, he has shouldered the burden to support the whole family.雖然他只有15歲，但他已經(jīng)肩負(fù)起養(yǎng)活全家的重?fù)?dān)。strong man as he is, general botha has gone through severe test during the past few weeks.波賽將軍雖然堅強(qiáng)，但在過去的幾個星期里也經(jīng)歷了嚴(yán)峻的考驗。although, though不可以與but連用，但可以和still, yet等連用。although

22、 everyone played well, we still lost the game.盡管每個人都打得不錯，我們還是輸了。“特殊疑問詞ever”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，可與“no matter特殊疑問詞”互換；引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，不可與“no matter特殊疑問詞”互換。no matter who/whoever you are, you must obey the law.無論你是誰，你都得遵守法律。keep calm, whatever/no matter what happens.無論發(fā)生什么事都要保持冷靜。即學(xué)即練5(1)選擇填空_ birds use their feathers

23、for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.aonce bifcalthough dbecause答案：c解析：句意：盡管鳥類用羽毛飛行，但是它們的一些羽毛也有其他用途。根據(jù)句意可知，空處用although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。(2)單句語法填空unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.解析：句意：除非你睡眠好，否則你一兩個夜晚后就不能集中注意力，不

24、能計劃，也不能保持積極性。unless “除非”符合句意。if we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.解析：句意：如果我們不阻止氣候變化，世界上許多動植物將不復(fù)存在。根據(jù)句意可知，此處用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。單句語法填空1the teacher advised that we (should)_make (make) good use of every minute.2my mom suggests that we (should)_eat (eat) out for a c

25、hange this weekend.3tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch and he (should)_be_set (set) free.4his advice is that we (should)_tell (tell) her the exciting news at once.5it is suggested that the students (should)_practice (practice) speaking as much as possible to learn english well.6one can always manage to do more things, however full ones schedule is in life.7his proposal