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1、專題十三 反意疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句 以及其它特殊句式【考綱解讀】高考英語在重視對語義和功能考查的同時(shí),并未完全放棄對語言形式和語言知識類題目的考查,主要涉及強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、省略句、反意疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句以及其它特殊句式如there be 句型等。反意疑問句是高考經(jīng)??疾榈恼Z法項(xiàng)目之一,考查的重點(diǎn)是:祈使句和含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句及句尾的附加成分等。主要考點(diǎn)有:1. 祈使句的判斷2. 祈使句固定結(jié)構(gòu)3. 反意疑問句一般用法及特殊用法【知識要點(diǎn)】反意疑問句由“陳述句+附加疑問句”構(gòu)成,附加疑問句常常表示反意,因此附加疑問句通常被稱為反意疑問句。附加疑問句由“助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系

2、動詞+主語”構(gòu)成,它們需要與陳述句的動詞和主語對應(yīng)。如果陳述句的主語是名詞,附加疑問句的主語要用相應(yīng)的代詞替換。 一、反意疑問句重點(diǎn)知識梳理 例7 Thats unfair, isnt it? 這是不公平的,是嗎? 例8 The meeting is unimportant, isnt it? 這個(gè)會議不重要,對嗎? 4 如果陳述句是“Im”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),反意疑問句用arent I。 例9 Im a good student, arent I? 我是一個(gè)好學(xué)生,對嗎? 例10 Im going to attend your lecture, arent I? 我打算聽你的講座,好嗎? 5 如果陳述句

3、是“There be”句型,反意疑問句也借助there。 例11 There is a tall tree in front of your house, isnt there? 你家房前有一棵大樹,是嗎? 例12 There used to be a bus stop near our school, usednt there/didnt there? 我們學(xué)校附近曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)汽車站,對嗎? 例13 There stands an old temple on the top of the mountain, doesnt there? 山頂矗立著一座古廟,是嗎? 6 如果陳述句的主語是one,

4、反意疑問句的主語在正式場合用one, 在非正式場合用you。 例14 One can never be careful enough, can one/can you? 人再細(xì)心也不為過,對嗎? 7如果陳述句是含有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句,反意疑問句的主語和謂語動詞往往與主句的主語和謂語動詞保持一致。 例15 Tom said (that) all the students in their class studied Chinese very hard, didnt he? 湯姆說他們班上所有的學(xué)生都努力學(xué)習(xí)漢語,是嗎? 例16 She thinks (that) I am bet

5、ter at learning languages than anyone else in Class 5, doesnt she? 她認(rèn)為我在5班比其他任何一個(gè)學(xué)生更擅長學(xué)語言,是嗎? 例17 We think (that) she is a nice girl, dont we? 我們認(rèn)為她是一個(gè)好女孩,對嗎? 注意:(1)如果陳述句的主句是I think/believe/suppose/guess等時(shí),反意疑問句的主語和謂語動詞往往與that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的主語和謂語動詞保持一致,此時(shí)要特別注意否定前移的情況,這就是所謂的“反賓不反主”。 例18 I think (that) it wi

6、ll be fine tomorrow, wont it? 我認(rèn)為明天天氣會很好,對嗎? 例24 We ought to help the poor, shouldnt we/oughtnt we? 我們應(yīng)該幫助窮人,對吧? 例28 You must be very thirsty, arent you? 你一定很渴,是嗎? 例29 He must be playing basketball on the play ground at this time yesterday, wasnt he? 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他肯定在操場上打籃球,對吧? 例30 You must have watched TV

7、 last night, didnt you? 昨天晚上你肯定看電視了,對吧? 例31 You must have read this story, havent you? 你一定讀過這個(gè)故事,對吧? 11如果陳述句是祈使句,反意疑問句常用will you, wont you, would you,有時(shí)也用can you, cant you等。 例32 Remember me to your parents, will you/wont you? 代我向你的父母問好,好嗎? 例33 Be quiet, cant you/can you? 安靜,好嗎? 注意:(1)如果陳述句的祈使句以Lets開

8、頭,反意疑問句用shall we;如果祈使句以Let us或Let me開頭,反意疑問句用will you。 例34 Lets take a rest, shall we? 咱們休息一會兒,好嗎?(表示提議,包括對方在內(nèi)) 例35 Let us take a rest, will you?(你)讓我們休息一會兒,好嗎?(表示請求,不包括對方在內(nèi)) 例36 Let me have a look at your new car, will you?(你)讓我看一下你的新車,好嗎?(表示請求,不包括對方在內(nèi)) (2)如果陳述句的祈使句是否定形式,反意疑問句只能用will you。 例37 Dont

9、talk aloud in class, will you? 課堂上不要大聲說話,好嗎? 12 有時(shí)用到同向反意疑問句,但是不太常見。 例38 Oh, youve got it, have you? 哦,你得到它了,是嗎?(表示譏諷或輕蔑) 例39 You wont obey the rules, wont you? 你不肯遵守規(guī)章制度,是吧?(表示威嚇) 例40 You dont want to do that yourself, dont you? 你不想自己做那件事,對吧? 祈使句是日常交際中的常用句型,因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人在日常生活中難免會請求、命令、建議、要求、叮囑、祝愿或厭煩某人干某事。隨著

10、英語交際功能的被重視,高考題中祈使句的出現(xiàn)頻率越來越高?,F(xiàn)對祈使句的各種用法總結(jié)如下: (2)有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)向誰提出要求、發(fā)出命令或分配任務(wù),第二人稱主語也可以表示出來,這時(shí)主語須重讀。例如: Boys,you carry water.Girls,you clean the windows.男生們,你們提水;女生們,你們擦窗子。 Dont you do it again!你再也不要做這種事了! 4.有時(shí)加上第二人稱,主語可表示急躁、厭煩或憤怒等情緒。例如: You mind your own business!管好你自己的事!/別管閑事! You get out of my way!請你別擋我的

11、道! 5.祈使句的前后還可以有呼喚語。例如: Tom,behave yourself.湯姆,規(guī)矩點(diǎn)。 Each of you,go back to your seat.你們每個(gè)人,都回到你們的座位上去。 二、第三人稱作主語的祈使句 祈使句的主語有時(shí)也可以是第三人稱。例如: Everybody stand up!大家都站起來! Jack stand over there.杰克站到那邊去。 Someone open the door.誰去把門打開。 注意比較: Everyone stands up.每個(gè)人都站著。 Jack stands over there.杰克站在那兒。 Someone ope

12、ns the door at seven every morning.有人每天上午七點(diǎn)把這門打開。 3.Let+第三人稱代詞或名詞+不定式。例如: Let him be here by eight oclock.讓他八點(diǎn)前到這。 Let promises be kept.一定要信守諾言。 這一結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式是Dont let. Dont let such a thing happen again.不要再讓這樣的事發(fā)生。 Dont let anyone leave his position.不許讓任何人離開崗位。 四、祈使句的省略形式 祈使句的省略形式一般在緊接上下文作簡短反應(yīng)時(shí)使用,可用do,d

13、ont等代替全句。例如: A:Shall I get you a cup of tea? B:Yes,please do./No,please dont. A:May l use your phone? B:Do,you are welcome. 2.有些無動詞結(jié)構(gòu)也是祈使句的一種省略形式。例如: Louder,please!請大聲點(diǎn)說! Out with it!帶著它滾出去! Not so noisy!不要這么大聲! 五、祈使句的倒裝形式 若祈使句中有in,out,away,up,off等作狀語的副詞,則會因強(qiáng)調(diào)這些狀語而把它們置于句首。例如: Out you come!你出來! Away

14、you go!你走吧! Up you stand!你站起來! 六、祈使句可作為條件句使用 Another try,and you may succeed.(=If you have another try,you will succeed.)如果你再試一次,你也許會成功。 七、祈使句后的附加疑問句式 1.第二和第三人稱的祈使句后多用will you,用would you語氣更加委婉;也有用wont you,can/cant you或why dont you的。例如: Wait a minute,will you? Keep quiet,will you?/wont you? Have anot

15、her cup of tea,would you?2.以Let開頭的祈使句有兩種形式。Lets開頭的祈使句用shall we,Let us開頭的用will you。例如: Lets go home,shall we?我們一起回家吧,怎么樣? Let us go home,sir,will you?先生,讓我們回家吧,行嗎? 八、用作習(xí)語的一些固定祈使句式 Take your time.別急。 Pardon me?對不起,請?jiān)僬f一遍。 Make yourself at home.請隨便點(diǎn)。/就當(dāng)在家里。 Take it easy.別著急。 Go ahead.朝前走;去做吧!(鼓勵對方做某事) D

16、ont mention it.不用客氣!(對別人感謝的回答) Come on.加油;快點(diǎn);振作起來;得啦,算了吧!(指責(zé)對方剛剛說的話不正確) 【考點(diǎn)詮釋】方法總結(jié)反意疑問句考點(diǎn)歸納解析 1. 祈使句的反意疑問句句尾附加成分 (1) 以Let開頭的祈使句 If you want helpmoney or anything, let me know, _ you? (2003 上海春季) A. dont B. will C. shall D. do 解析以Let開頭的祈使句,其反意疑問句句尾附加成分用will you或wont you,故選B。 (2) 帶主語的祈使句 -Alice, you f

17、eed the bird today, _? -But I fed it yesterday. (NMET1999年) A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you (3) 否定祈使句 Dont smoke in the meeting-room, _? (NMET1991年) A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you 解析祈使句是否定形式時(shí),其反意疑問句句尾附加成分只能用will you,故選B。 (4) 肯定祈使句 Be sure to write to us, _? (NMET1993年)

18、A. will you B. arent you C. can you D. mustnt you 解析祈使句是肯定形式時(shí),其反意疑問句句尾附加成分常用will you或wont you,故選A。 2. 一般簡單句的反意疑問句句尾附加成分 His wife had the front door painted green yesterday, _ she? (1994上海卷) A. did B. had C. didnt D. hadnt 解析此題的關(guān)鍵是認(rèn)準(zhǔn)had在語境中的詞義。陳述句中的謂語動詞had為使役動詞,表示“使、叫、讓”,而非“有”,由此先排除B和D兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù) “前肯定,后否定”

19、的規(guī)則,故選C。 3. 主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句句尾附加成分 (1) 不含賓語從句的復(fù)合句 The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _? (2000 上海卷) A. did they B. didnt they C. did it D. didnt it (2) 含賓語從句的復(fù)合句 Brain told you that there wasnt anyone in the room at that time, _? (2002 上海春季) A. was there B. wasnt there C. didnt

20、he D. did he Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _? (2002 上海卷) A. is he B. isnt he C. doesnt she D. does she Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _? (2004 上海卷) A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt he D. is he 解析解這三個(gè)題的關(guān)鍵是認(rèn)清主句的主語和謂語動詞

21、。這三個(gè)題均為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句,其反意疑問句句尾附加成分的主語和謂語動詞往往與主句的主語和謂語保持一致,再根據(jù) “前肯定,后否定;前否定,后肯定”的規(guī)則,故分別選CDA。 I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _? (2001 上海卷) A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they 解析當(dāng)主句是I think/believe/suppose/guess等時(shí),其反意疑問句句尾附加成分的主語和謂語要與賓語從句的主語和謂語保持一致,還要特別注意否定的前移,故該題選C。 4. 含must的陳述句的反意疑問句句尾附加成分

22、There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _? (2004 上海春季) A. didnt they B. dont they C. mustnt they D. havent they 一、考查祈使句的動詞形式 祈使句的典型特征就是以動詞原形開頭, 否定形式就是dont加動詞原形。如: 1. Mary,_hereeverybody else, stay where you are. (2006年全國卷I) A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming 解析 2.

23、Ive never seen anyone run so fast_David go. (2004年浙江卷) A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 解析 3. There are eight tips in Dr. Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is:_ to bed early unless you think it necessary. (2004年重慶卷) A. doesnt go B. not to go C. not going

24、D. dont go 解析 二、考查祈使句后附加疑問句的構(gòu)成 祈使句后的附加疑問句一般用will you, 但在“Lets.”后用“shall we / shant we”,在“Let us / me / him”后用“will you / wont you”。 4. If you want helpmoney or anything,let me know,_you? A. dont B. will C. shall D. do 解析 5. Dont smoke in the room,_? A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you 解析 6

25、. Be sure to write to us,_? A. will you B. arent you C. can you D. mustnt you 7. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing,_? A. wont weB. doesnt she C. dont weD. shall we 解析 解析 三、考查祈使句的應(yīng)答方式 祈使句所作應(yīng)答是對自己未來的行為向?qū)Ψ剿鞯某兄Z, 承諾“要做什么”時(shí), 說“I will”;承諾“不會做什么”時(shí), 說“I wont”。如: 9. -Write to me when you get home. - _. A. I mu

26、stB. I shouldC. I will D. I can 解析 10. - Please dont make a noise. - _. Ill be as quiet as a mouse. A. Yes, I wont B. No, I wontC. No, I will D. Yes, I will 解析 11. - Dont forget to come to my birthday tomorrow. - _. A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent (一)“祈使句”句首的動詞形式。如: 12. Help others wheneve

27、r you can_you will make the world a nicer place to live in. A. and B. or C. unless D. but 解析 13._straight on and youll see a church. You wont miss it. A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going 14. - English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? -Yes. _more words and expressions and you will find it easi

28、er to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known 15. _blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give (二)“祈使句”與“陳述句”之間連詞的選擇。祈使句相當(dāng)于肯定的條件狀語從句時(shí),用連詞and; 祈使句相當(dāng)于if. not. 時(shí),用or / or else / otherwise。如: 16. -How can I apply for an online course? -Just f

29、ill out this form and we_what we can do for you. A. see B. are seeing C. have seen_D. will see 17. Stand over there _youll be able to see it better. A. or B. while C. but D. and 18. Start out right away,_youll miss the first train. A. and B. but C. or D. while (三)“陳述句”中的時(shí)態(tài)。該句型中陳述句的謂語動詞通常用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)(will

30、 +動詞原形)或“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”。如: 19. Lets keep to the point or we_any decision. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reachD. never reached 20. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you_advertisements showing happy families. A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often

31、 seen (四)在該句型中連詞and可用破折號替代。如: 21. _some of this juiceperhaps youll like it. A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried 【高考鏈接】1.(09湖南卷)32. You and I could hardly work together, ?A. could you B. couldnt I C. couldnt we D. could we【答案】D【解析】考查反義疑問句的用法。根據(jù)陳述部分是肯定形式,疑問部分用否定形式;反之。陳述部分中含有否定詞hardly,故疑問部分用肯定形式,主語是you and i。故應(yīng)選D。2.(09遼寧)34. Its the first time that he has been to Australia, ? A. isnt he B. hasnt he C. isnt

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