初中英語語法主謂一致(共12頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語語法主謂一致一、主謂一致：主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語 法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。 1. 語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語也用 復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Tom is a good student. 湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。They often play football on the playground.他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。2. 意義一致原則：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： My

2、 family are having lunch now. 我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.這本書 20 美元太貴了。3. 就近一致原則：指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且 他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。二、 主謂一致

3、?？碱}型： 1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)做主語， 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2. many a+單數(shù)名詞做主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。例如： Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學(xué)生到過上海。3. more than one+單數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語用單數(shù)。例如： More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。4. 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語做主語時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語用

4、單數(shù)形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長假。Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0 英鎊并不太重。Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很長的距離。Five minus four is one. 5 減 4 等于 1。5. 主語是 each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。Every man and ever

5、y woman is at work. 每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。6. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： One and a half hours is enough. 一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。7. 動詞不定式，動名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：To see is to believe 眼見為實(shí)。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。8. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：A student or two has failed the exam.

6、 一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。9. 當(dāng)主語部分含有 with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like 等介詞或介詞短語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： Mike with his father has been to England. 邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。10. 由 and 連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但 and 所連接的并列主語是同一個(gè)人、事物或概念時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種

7、情況區(qū)分如下： a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+ 單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。例如：The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)11. people, police 等集體名詞做主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family, class, group, team 等集體名詞做主語，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

8、。例如：People here are very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。My family all like watching TV. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。12. 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing 做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，例如：Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齊了嗎？Something is wrong wi

9、th him. 他有毛病。Nobody was in. 沒有人在家。13. each, either, neither, another, the other 做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：Each of them has an English dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英語詞典。Neither answer is correct. 兩個(gè)答案都不正確。14. 以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如 news, maths, physics 等， 例如： No news is good news. 沒有消息就是好消息。 No Maths is very popu

10、lar in our class 在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。15. 由 bothand 連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由 or, eitheror，neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做主語時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。例如：Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和媽媽都是老師。Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是湯姆就是杰克錯(cuò)了。Either this one or that one is ok. 這一個(gè)或那一個(gè)都行。16. a number

11、of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：A number of famous people were invited to party.許多名人都被邀請參加這個(gè)聚會。The number of the students is over eight hundred. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)超過 800人。17. 當(dāng) kind of, pair of, glass of 等表示確定數(shù)量的名詞短語修飾主語時(shí)，謂語與 kind, pair, glass 等一致。例如：This pair of shoes is Toms. 這雙鞋是湯姆的。Th

12、ere are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有兩杯水。18. the+形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式。例如：The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 窮人很快樂，富人卻過得不快樂。 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。19. 以 here，there 開關(guān)的句子，若主語在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致。例如：There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本書，三只

13、鋼筆。Here are some books and paper for you. 這是給你的書和紙。三、 初中英語“主謂一致”難點(diǎn)誤區(qū)：誤區(qū)一 誤認(rèn)主語1.       倒裝句 Between the two buildings are a big tree. （×）Between the two buildings is a big tree. （）【解析】 第句謂語動詞使用 are，錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為 the two buildings 是該句的主語，但實(shí)際上是介詞 between 的賓語，一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，而介詞短語不能充當(dāng)

14、主語。該句是一個(gè)倒裝句，真正主語是 a big tree。因此第句正確。特別提醒：倒裝句的常見結(jié)構(gòu)：副詞/介詞短語+謂語+主語2. 主語之后帶有介詞短語 The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. （×） The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. （）【解析】 第句誤認(rèn)為 apples , oranges 是主語，因此謂語動詞用 are，而實(shí)際上 the fruit 才是該句的主語，like apples , oranges 是介詞短語作后置定語修飾

15、 the fruit。該句譯為“像蘋 果、桔子之類的水果對我們的身體是有好處的”。因此第句是正確的。特別提醒：類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：主語+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ， 謂語動詞應(yīng)與主語一致，而與介詞短語之后的名詞無關(guān)。3. one of . . . + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)代詞There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. （×）There are twenty boys in our class. One of

16、 the boys is from Canada. （）【解析】 one of the boys 的中心詞是 one，因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)，造成第句錯(cuò)誤的原因主要是把 the boys 當(dāng)成了該句的主語。4. 定語從句 I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. （×）I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. （）【解析】 which were taken in Beijing 是一個(gè)定語從句，用于修飾先行詞 the photos，而 which 本身就代替先行詞 the photos。

17、因此謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，造成第句錯(cuò)誤的原因是沒有弄清楚關(guān)系詞 which 的實(shí)質(zhì)，只是從形式上看它是單數(shù)。特別提醒：定語從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。誤區(qū)二 被主語的表象迷惑1. 看似復(fù)數(shù)卻表單數(shù)概念Maths are my favorite subject. （×）Math is my favorite subject. （）【解析】 maths 本身是一個(gè)以“s”結(jié)尾的單詞，而不是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示單數(shù)概念“數(shù)學(xué)”這一學(xué)科，因此第句正確。類似的有：physics , news , politics . . .2. 看似單數(shù)卻表復(fù)數(shù)概念The police is search

18、ing for the robbers. （×）The police are searching for the robbers. （）【解析】 the police 譯為“警方”，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，而不是表示“那個(gè)警察”，因此第句 正確，類似的詞有：people , the + 形容詞，the + 姓 + family 等均表復(fù)數(shù)概念。3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)同形There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? （×）There is a little sheep eating grass on t

19、he hill. Can you see it? （）【解析】 sheep 是一個(gè)單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞，由于 sheep 之前用的 a little 修飾，加 上 Can you see it 中的 it 指代單數(shù)，因此 a little sheep 譯為“一只小綿羊”，因此第句正確。 如果將原題改為： There _ （be） a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them? 那又會怎么樣呢。特別提醒：類似的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的詞還有 fish, Chinese, Japanese 等，要根據(jù)句子的含義和結(jié)構(gòu)暗示來判斷其單復(fù)數(shù)。4.

20、集合名詞Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. （×）Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. （）【解析】 family 是一個(gè)集合名詞，表示整體概念時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)，表示個(gè)體概念時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。該句譯為“他們?nèi)液苄腋?，現(xiàn)在全家人正在看電視”。因此第一個(gè) family 表示整體概念，譯為“家庭”，第二個(gè) family 表示個(gè)體概念，譯為“家人”，第句正確。特別提醒：類似的還有 group, class, team 等既可表單

21、數(shù)也可表復(fù)數(shù)。誤區(qū)三 誤用語言規(guī)則1. 表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量、數(shù)量等名詞做主語Ten years are quite a long time. （×）Ten years is quite a long time. （）【解析】表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量、數(shù)量等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)做主語時(shí)看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，容易錯(cuò)誤理解為復(fù)數(shù)而出現(xiàn)第句的錯(cuò)誤。2. 由 and 連接的并列主語The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. （×）The twentieth lesson and last

22、lesson is very easy for students. （）【解析】 the twentieth lesson and last lesson 是表示同一概念，譯為“第 20 課即最后一課”，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。同學(xué)們?nèi)菀族e(cuò)誤理解“第 20 課和最后一課”，如果表示兩課， 應(yīng)該表達(dá)為“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。特別提醒：由 and 連接的并列主語表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，表示不同的概念 時(shí)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。3. 就近原則 Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. （×

23、） Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. （）【解析】 neither . . . nor 連接的并列主語（you , he）雖然表示兩個(gè)人，但根據(jù)語言規(guī)則，當(dāng)它連接并列主語的時(shí)候，謂語動詞根據(jù)就近原則，該由 he 決定，因此第句正確。特別提醒：類似的還有 either . . . or, not only . . . but also, not . . . but, 以及 there be 之后的 并列主語，謂語動詞的確定都根據(jù)“就近原則”。4. this kind of, a piece of, this pair of 等短語做主語This pa

24、ir of trousers are very new, but Toms trousers are very old. （×）This pair of trousers is very new, but Toms trousers are very old. （）【解析】 trousers 做主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)它被 this pair of 修飾時(shí)謂語動詞由 pair 的單復(fù)數(shù)確定。因此第句正確。特別提醒：this kind of, a piece of, a bag of, a box of 等，這類短語做主語時(shí)謂語動詞的單 復(fù)數(shù)由這些短語中的名詞決定，而與它們所修飾的

25、名詞無關(guān)。5. the rest of，half of 等短語做主語Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. （×） Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. （）【解析】 根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷 the rest of it 中的 it，指 the work，而 work 是不可數(shù)名詞，因此第句正確。特別提醒 all

26、 of, most of, half of, the rest of，以及 a lot of, some, any+名詞做主語時(shí)，要根據(jù)后面的名詞確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。6. 一句話提示：合成不定代詞（如 something，anybody 等）做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；動名詞、不定式、從句做主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；a number of + 名詞（復(fù)）做主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，the number of + 名詞（復(fù)）做主語，謂語用單數(shù)；none of . . . 作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。主謂一致精練（一） ：1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV

27、 now.A. were       B. is      C. was      D. are2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A. isnt     B. is     C. arent     D. are3. Ho

28、w many lessons do you usually have a day?Six lessons a day. And each of them _ 45 minutes.A. last     B. lasts     C. have     D. are4. Neither Liping nor I _ a basketball player.A. am     B. is     C

29、. be     D. are5. There _ many new words in Lesson One, It is very easy.A. is     B. arent     C. isnt     D. are6. The number of the students in our school _1200.A. is     B. are    &#

30、160;C. has     D. have7. Maths _ my favorite subject.A. be     B. is     C. am     D. are8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city.A. were sleeping     B. is sleeping  &#

31、160;  C. was sleeping     D. are asleep9. Every one except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began.A. are     B. is     C. were     D. was10. That place is not interesting at all, _ of us wants to go there.

32、A. Neither     B. Both     C. All     D. Some11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A. know     B. knows     C. have known     D. is12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? The

33、re _ some eggs and cakes on it.A. is     B. are     C. was     D. were13. This pair of glasses _ mine.A. are     B. be     C. is     D. will be14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party

34、 yesterday.A. invited     B. was invited    C. had invited     D. were inverted15. Two months _ quite a long time.Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.A. is     B. are     C. was  

35、;  D. were16. In the city the old _.A. take good care of          B. are taken good care ofC. is taken good care of       D. are been taken good care of17. His family _ all very kind and friendly, His family _ a happy on

36、e.A. are, is     B. is, is     C. are, are     D. is, are18. The singer and the dancer _ come to Beijing.A. has     B. have     C. Are     D. is19. The children in this class each

37、_ a new school bag.A. have     B. has     C. has got     D. are having20. All but one _ here just now.A. is    B. was     C. has been     D. were參考答案：15 BABAB   210 ABCDA 

38、; 1115 BBCBA   1620 BABAD主謂一致精練（二） ：1. The news _ very worth listening to.A. be     B. is     C. are     D. am2. _ this pair of glasses yours?No. My glasses _ on the desk.A. Is, is     B. Are, is   &#

39、160; C. Is, are     D. Are, are3. The old _ taken good care of in China now.A. was     B. are     C. is     D. were4. Nobody except the twins _ to Hong Kong before.A. have been     B. have gone &

40、#160;   C. has been     D. has gone5The writer and teacher _ coming now  Ais     Bare      Chas     Dhave  6His family _ a large oneThe whole family _ watching TVAis，is