工業(yè)鍋爐使用說(shuō)明書中英文匯總

1、工業(yè)鍋爐使用說(shuō)明書IndustrialBoilerOperationInstructionsCS-SM8一、前言Preface本說(shuō)明書適用于工作壓力（2.5Mpa，蒸發(fā)量35t/h的工業(yè)鍋爐。Thisbookissuitablefortheboilerwithcapacity<35t/h,andworkingpressure<2.5MPa.1、本說(shuō)明書僅作為用戶在制定運(yùn)行規(guī)程中的參考資料。Thisboosiswrittenaspertheboilerspecificationsandonlyforreferencetotheoperationregulationsofboiler.

2、2、有關(guān)燃料部分、傳動(dòng)部分使用說(shuō)明，請(qǐng)另見爐排，爐排傳動(dòng)裝置，碎渣機(jī)使用說(shuō)明書。Theoperationinstructionoffuelanddrivenpartshallseedetailsonthebooksofstoker,gratedrivendeviceandslagcrusher.3、本說(shuō)明書如與國(guó)家頒布的有關(guān)規(guī)程有抵觸，以上級(jí)規(guī)程為準(zhǔn)，建議用戶單位注意參閱。Ifthereissomethinginthisbookagainsttheregulations,subjecttothesuperiorsregulations.11二、鍋爐升火B(yǎng)oilerFiring（一）、升火錢的檢

3、查準(zhǔn)備Preparingbeforefiring1'爐墻不允許有凸出裂縫，所有看火孔、人孔、吹灰孔等均Thefurnacewallisnotallowedtobecracked.Allthefireholes,manholesandashholesshallbeclosed.2、所有煙道及風(fēng)道的擋板，閘門等位置應(yīng)正確，開關(guān)要靈活。Thebafflesandgatesofthefluegasductandairductshallbeintherightpositionwiththeflexibleswitches.3、各處保溫絕熱層均應(yīng)完整良好，不許脫落。Theentireinsulat

4、ionlayershallbekeptwell,withnofallenparts.4、鍋筒與水冷壁集箱等處的膨脹指示器，應(yīng)無(wú)卡住現(xiàn)象或頂碰等現(xiàn)象。Theexpansionindicatorsonthedrumandwatercoolingwallheadershallbeinthegoodcondition.5、燃燒室和各部分受熱面應(yīng)清潔正常。Thecombustionroomandallheatingareafacesshallbecleanandnormal.6、上、下鍋筒的檢查。InspectionoftopandbottomdrumA.上、下鍋筒的焊縫、脹口、封頭處人孔裝置，應(yīng)符合制

5、造安裝質(zhì)量要求。Theweldingbeam,bulgedringandthemanholeontheendenclosureshallbeproducedasperqualityrequirements.B.鍋筒內(nèi)壁、封頭人孔裝置、管孔、管座內(nèi)的泥土、水垢等物應(yīng)仔細(xì)清除。Themudandwaterdirtyinthedruminnerwall,endenclosuremanhole,tubeholeandtubebaseshallberemovedcarefully.c.水位指示儀應(yīng)清除泥土及水垢，防止水位波動(dòng)的擋板應(yīng)正確裝好。Themudandwaterdirtyinthewaterle

6、velindicatorshallberemovedandthebaffle,whichisusedforavoidingthewaterlevelchange,shallbeintherightplace.D.在鍋筒內(nèi)蒸汽空間部分的給水設(shè)備法蘭盤及分離器設(shè)備連接處應(yīng)嚴(yán)密，裝置尺寸應(yīng)符合圖紙要求。Thejointamongthewatersupplydevice,flangeplateandseparatorshallbetighten,thesizeshallmeettherequirementsofdrawing.7、檢查所有零件是否都已裝好，各處是否有被忘掉和沒有上緊的螺母、螺栓、墊料等

7、，所有雜物應(yīng)從管道中清除。Makesureallthepartsareintherightplace.Tightenallthenuts,boltsandgaskets.Allthedirtyshallberemovedfromthepiping.8、汽水系統(tǒng)及附件的檢查：Steam-watersystemandaccessoriesA.鍋筒、過(guò)熱器及省煤器等處安全閥位置是否正確，排汽管及安全閥應(yīng)很好固定。Makesurethesafetyvalvesondrum,super-heaterandeconomizerareintherightposition.Exhaustingpipeands

8、afetyvalveshallbefixedwell.B.水位計(jì)的旋塞及閥門等附件裝置應(yīng)正確，開關(guān)要方便。Thecockandvalvesofwaterlevelgaugeshallbeintherightpositionandmakesuretheswitchiseasytooperate.c.壓力表的連接旋塞、開關(guān)要方便，固定要牢固。Theconnectioncockandswitchofpressuregaugeshallbeeasytooperateandwellfixed.D.放水閥門、給水閥門、調(diào)整閥門、截止閥及給各種閥門類，開關(guān)要靈活正確。Theswitchesofdrainva

9、lve,waterfeedingvalve,adjustedvalve,stopvalvesanddoorsshallbeeasytooperate.E.鍋爐附件中附有遠(yuǎn)距離傳動(dòng)裝置的結(jié)點(diǎn)及相聯(lián)處應(yīng)緊固。Thejointoflongdistancedrivendeviceshallbefixedwell.9、鍋爐附件儀表、流量表、壓力表、自動(dòng)記錄儀、定性分析表、電流表等仔細(xì)檢驗(yàn)和校正。Makesuretheaccessoriesinstruments,flowmeter,pressuregauge,automaticrecorder,qualitativeanalysisdevice,curr

10、entmetershallbeworked.1o、冷爐上水的溫度不超過(guò)90C，新建鍋爐在煮爐之前上水溫度應(yīng)在40-50C內(nèi)，如水冷壁管上發(fā)現(xiàn)潮濕汗水時(shí)，其進(jìn)水溫度不應(yīng)超過(guò)60C。Feedingwatertemperaturetocoldfurnacecannotmorethan90C,beforeboiling,thetemperaturerangeshallbefrom40Cto50C.lfthereiswetonthewatercoolingwalltube,thefeedingwatertemperatureshallnotmorethan60C.11、進(jìn)水由省煤器進(jìn)入，其進(jìn)水速度不宜太

11、快，在夏天不少于2小時(shí)，冬天不少于4小時(shí)，上水過(guò)急會(huì)引起膨脹不均，以致漏泄。Thewaterinletshallpassthroughtheeconomizerwithslowspeed.Insummer,thefeedingtimecannotlessthan2hoursandinwinterthatcannotlessthan4hours.Tofastwaterfeedingcanledunevenexpanding,whichshallcausetheleaking.12、用手動(dòng)給水閥門調(diào)節(jié)鍋爐進(jìn)水，如有給水自動(dòng)調(diào)整器，此時(shí)應(yīng)不加入運(yùn)行，而且手動(dòng)給水調(diào)整閥門的杠桿則固定在完全打開的位置。

12、Adjusttheboilerwaterinletbyhandywaterfeedingvalve,evenifthereiswaterfeedingautomaticadjustdevice.13、空氣閥門內(nèi)管出水時(shí)，應(yīng)關(guān)閉此空氣閥門，同時(shí)省煤器壓力表的三通旋塞應(yīng)開到工作位置。Whenthereiswateroutfromtheairvalve,closethevalveandopentheteecockofeconomizerpressuregauge.14、鍋爐進(jìn)水時(shí)應(yīng)檢查鍋爐和省煤器的放水閥門、排污閥門、法蘭和手孔等處應(yīng)嚴(yán)密，如有漏水現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，應(yīng)擰緊螺釘。Makesurethesealin

13、gofdrainvalves,blowdownvalves,flangesandhandholesonboilerandeconomizerduringtheboilerwaterinlet.Tightenthenailifthereisleaking.15、鍋爐進(jìn)水至玻璃水位計(jì)的最低水位記錄處，關(guān)閉水門觀察水位計(jì)的水位是否有升高，降低現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)找出原因及時(shí)消除之。Whentheboilerwaterinletonthelowestpositionofglasswaterlevelgauge,closethewaterdoorandwatchthewaterlevelongauge.Ifthel

14、evelisupordown,findareasonandfixit.16、升火前，如非沸騰式省煤器應(yīng)打開省煤器的旁道煙道門，關(guān)閉直通省煤器的煙道門。如采用沸騰式省煤器的鍋爐，必須將鍋筒與省煤器集箱間連接管上的再循環(huán)閥門開啟，以便在啟動(dòng)期間通過(guò)省煤器形成水循環(huán)。Non-boilingtypeeconomizershallopenthebypassfluegasductdoorandclosethedirectfluegasdoorbeforefiring.Boilingtypeeconomizershallopentherecyclevaleconnectsbetweenthedrumandj

15、ointtubeoneconomizerheadertomakesurethewatercycleduringtheoperationbyeconomizer.17、升火前應(yīng)將所有水冷卻設(shè)備的冷卻水門打開。Allthecoolingdoorofcoolingdeviceshallbeopenbeforefiring.（二）、鍋爐的升火B(yǎng)oilerFiring18、完成以上升火前的檢查和準(zhǔn)備工作后，才可以允許開始升火。Theboilerfiringcanbestartedonlyfinishedthecheckandpreparingworkbeforefiring.19、升火前應(yīng)對(duì)鍋爐機(jī)組煙道

16、加以通風(fēng)，其時(shí)間5分鐘，時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)，引風(fēng)機(jī)電流過(guò)大可能引起電動(dòng)機(jī)燒壞。Make5minutesventilationtothefluegasductbeforefiring.Iftheventilationtimeistoolong,thelargecurrentofIDfanmaydamagethemotor.20、爐蔑上鋪木柴用油紗引火后再在爐蔑上加煤。Putwoodsonthegrateandstartfiringwithoilyyarn,andthenletthecoalonthegrate.21、鍋爐升火時(shí)間不宜太快，一般為2-4小時(shí)。Thefiringperiodcannotbeto

17、ofast;normallyitis2-4hours.22、在自然通風(fēng)或強(qiáng)力通風(fēng)時(shí)，燃燒室上部應(yīng)維持負(fù)壓2-3毫米水柱。Theburningroomupperpartshallkeep2-3mmwaterpillarwithnegativepressureundertheconditionofnaturalventilationorforceddraft.23、注意鍋筒及水冷壁管集箱等膨脹情況，從膨脹指示器觀察升火時(shí)間是否合理。Noticetheexpandingconditionofdrumandwatercoolingwalltubeheader.Estimatethefiringtime

18、isreasonableornotbywatchingtheexpandingindicator.24、鍋爐內(nèi)在升高壓力之前，應(yīng)打開空氣閥或一個(gè)安全閥直至壓力達(dá)1.5-2表壓力冒出蒸汽時(shí)，應(yīng)關(guān)閉空氣閥和將安全閥回放至原處，同時(shí)沖洗壓力表導(dǎo)管，注意汽壓繼續(xù)上升情況。Airvalveshallbeopenoronesafetyvalveshallbesteamingwhenthepressureupto1.5-2atmospheresbeforethepressureinsidetheboilerisrising.Thenclosetheairvalveandputthesafetyvalveon

19、therightplace,washingthepressuregaugeguidingtubeandnoticethesteampressurerising.25、鍋爐升火時(shí)應(yīng)將過(guò)熱器出口集箱上的疏水門打開，以便蒸汽過(guò)熱器內(nèi)流動(dòng)冷卻，以免引起燒壞過(guò)熱器管，不允許向過(guò)熱器加水冷卻，當(dāng)壓力升高時(shí)，應(yīng)逐漸關(guān)閉疏水門，在并入蒸汽管后，疏水門應(yīng)嚴(yán)密關(guān)閉。Thedraindoorontheoutletheaderofsuper-heatersure the steam inshallbeopenduringtheboilerfiring.Makethesuper-heateriscoolingbyflo

20、wandavoidburningoutthesuperheatertube.Coolingsuper-heaterbyaddingwaterisnotallowed.Closethedraindoorslowlywiththepressurerisingandfullyclosethedraindoorafterintothesteamtube.26、鍋爐升火后應(yīng)經(jīng)常注意水位，爐水受熱后，水位逐漸升高時(shí)，應(yīng)進(jìn)行放水，維持其較低水位。Noticethewaterlevelafterboilerfiring.Thewaterlevelshallberisingaftertheheated.Make

21、thewaterlevelinalowpositionbydraining.27、鍋爐升火后，應(yīng)使燃燒室及其所有受熱面均勻受熱，避免受熱不均而引起爐墻裂縫，爐管脹口漏泄等。MaketheburningroomandalltheotherheatinguniformlyheatedafterboilerfiringtoavoidthefurnacewallcrackandfurnacetubeleakagebyUnevenheating.28、鍋爐內(nèi)汽壓上升至0.5-1表壓時(shí)，應(yīng)進(jìn)行沖洗玻璃水位計(jì)一次，使其指示的水位正確、可靠。Whentheboilerinnerpressureupto0.5-

22、1atmosphere,1washingtheglasswaterlevelgaugeonetimetomakesureitsindicatingleveliscorrect.29、汽壓上升至3-4表大氣壓時(shí)，應(yīng)均勻的擰緊各結(jié)合面的螺釘，嚴(yán)禁汽壓汽溫較高時(shí)，進(jìn)行緊螺絲工作。Whentheboilerinnerpressureupto3-4atmospheres,allnailsonthejointshallbetighten.Tightthenailunderthehighsteampressureandtemperatureisforbidden.30、鍋爐升火期間，應(yīng)檢查省煤器內(nèi)水溫，當(dāng)水

23、溫在工作壓力下應(yīng)低于飽和溫度40C，以防止沸騰而產(chǎn)生水沖擊現(xiàn)象。如超過(guò)該飽和溫度時(shí)，應(yīng)視水位之情況而進(jìn)行鍋爐放水，并增大省煤器進(jìn)水，以便保證正常水位。Checktheeconomizerinnerwatertemperatureduringtheboilerfiring,thetemperatureshallbelower40thanthesaturatedtemperatureundertheworkingpressuretoavoidthewaterimpactcausedbytheboiling.Ifthetemperatureexcessthesaturatedtemperature,

24、drainingaspertherealwaterlevelandincreasetheeconomizerwaterinlettomakesurethewaterlevelinnormalposition.31、當(dāng)鍋爐參加運(yùn)行后，才能開啟通往省煤器的煙道門，把旁通煙道門關(guān)閉，使煙氣全部通過(guò)省煤器，如有再循環(huán)門回路時(shí)，應(yīng)將其關(guān)閉，使給水自省煤器進(jìn)入鍋爐。Openthefluegasductdoortotheeconomizerafterboileroperation.Closethebypassfluegasdoortomakethefluegascompletelygothroughthee

25、conomizer.Ifthereisrecycleloose,closeittomakethewaterintotheboilerbytheeconomizer.32、鍋爐升爐到達(dá)規(guī)定壓力時(shí)，應(yīng)立即校正安全閥門，對(duì)鍋爐工作壓力為(1.25-2.5Mpa)過(guò)熱器上安全閥的動(dòng)作壓力為1.04倍工作壓力，鍋筒上的為1.06倍。Whentheboilerpressureuptotheregulateddata,safetyvalveshallbeadjustedasbelow:Thesafetyvalveonthesuper-heater(boilerpressureis1.25-2.5Mpa):p

26、ressureis1.04timesworkingpressure;Thesafetyvalveonthedrum:pressureis1.06timesworkingpressure;三、鍋爐運(yùn)行時(shí)管理Managementduringboilerrunning(一)、鍋爐運(yùn)行Boilerrunning1 、鍋爐運(yùn)行時(shí)，必須均勻連續(xù)給水，使?fàn)t內(nèi)保持正常水位，水位不得低于最低容許水位，水位表內(nèi)的水位允許微有波動(dòng)。Thefeedingwatershallbewell-distributedandcontinuouslyenterintotheboilerwhenitisrunning,keepin

27、gtheboilerwaterlevelonthenormalposition.Thewaterlevelcannotbelowerthanthelowestallowablelevel.Thewaterlevelonthewaterlevelgaugeisallowedtohavethelittlechange.2、通過(guò)改變減溫器的給水量來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)熱溫度，當(dāng)汽溫w300C時(shí)，偏差為+30C-20C,當(dāng)汽溫為350c時(shí)，偏差為士20C，當(dāng)汽溫為400C時(shí)，偏差為+10C-20C。Adjustthesuperheattemperaturebychangingthewaterfeedingcapac

28、itytode-super-heater.Whenthesteamtemperatureislessandequalto300C,thedeviationis+30C-20C;whenthesteamtemperatureis350C,thedeviationis士20C;whenthesteamtemperatureis400C,thedeviationis+10C-20C.3 、鍋爐運(yùn)行時(shí)，容許的汽壓波動(dòng)范圍為士0.05Mpa.Theallowablepressurechangerangeis±0.05Mpaduringtheboileroperation.4 、應(yīng)經(jīng)常監(jiān)視風(fēng)壓與

29、燃燒情況，控制與調(diào)節(jié)各風(fēng)門的開啟程度，維持燃燒室出口的負(fù)壓2-3毫米水柱，保證燃燒完全，不向外噴煙。Watchingtheairpressureandburningconditionregularly.Controlandadjusttheairdoortokeeptheburningroomoutlethas2-3mmwaterpillarwithnegativepressure.Makesuretheburningiscompletelyandnosmokegoesout.5 、安全閥每晝夜至少檢查一次，用手小心地稍稍抬起安全門的杠桿端，檢查安全門的動(dòng)作，安全閥放回原處后，檢查是否冒汽。E

30、verydayandnight,thesafetyvalveshallbecheckedatleastonce.Liftuptherailingendofsafetydoorslowlyandcheckthemovementofdoor.Checkthesteamingafterthesafetyvalveontherightplaceagain.6 、在鍋爐及管道上所有閥門和旋塞，在開啟和關(guān)閉時(shí)都必須慢慢地進(jìn)行，嚴(yán)禁用錘或其他物體來(lái)敲擊。Allthevalvesandcockonboilerandpipingshallbeslowlyopenorclose.Knockbyhammerisfo

31、rbidden.7 、每班必須檢查鍋爐、水冷壁、過(guò)熱器、省煤器及上下鍋筒等處的放水閥和排污閥的嚴(yán)密性。Everyshiftshallchecktheboiler,watercoolingwall,super-heatereconomizerandthesealingofdrainvalveandblowdownvalveontopandbottomdrum.8、在運(yùn)行中應(yīng)注意和檢查給水泵的正常工作。Keepnoticeonthewaterpumpduringtheboileroperation.9、在運(yùn)行中，嚴(yán)禁進(jìn)行裂縫焊接以及緊人孔或手孔等處的螺釘，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)人孔或手孔等處漏水或漏氣時(shí)，僅在去壓

32、的情況下，并征得鍋爐房負(fù)責(zé)人的許可和在其監(jiān)督下，才允許緊螺釘，一般應(yīng)在停爐后處理。Duringtheoperation,weldingthecrackandtightenmanholeornailnearthehandholeisnotallowed.Whenthereisleakageonthemanholeorhandhole,tightenthenailisallowedonlyunderthenon-pressureconditionorgetthepermitfromtheboilerroomsupervisor.Normally,thesethingsshallbedealtaft

33、erboilershutdown.10、為了保持受熱面內(nèi)部清潔改善蒸汽品質(zhì)，須對(duì)鍋爐進(jìn)行連續(xù)排污與定期排污。Inordertokeepthecleanofheatingareaandimprovethesteamquality,theregularandcontinuousblowdownshallbetaken.11'非沸騰式省煤器，應(yīng)經(jīng)常檢查省煤器出口水溫，其允許的最高溫度應(yīng)低于飽和溫度40C。Non-boilingtypeeconomizershallberegularlycheckedtheoutletwatertemperature.Theallowedmaxtemperat

34、ureshallbelower40thanthesaturatedtemperature.12、鍋爐超負(fù)荷運(yùn)行不允許超過(guò)10%額定負(fù)荷，而且只允許在短時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)行。Theoverloadoperationofboilercannotexcess10%ratedloadinashorttime.（二）、燃燒系統(tǒng)之管理Managementofburningsystem鍋爐燃燒系統(tǒng)的設(shè)備，如拋煤機(jī)或加煤斗鏈條爐排，齒輪箱等，它們的使用、安裝與維護(hù)工作，均與其設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu)性能有關(guān)，另出專用使用說(shuō)明書，這里不再予以重復(fù)。Thedevicesofboilerburningsystem,suchascoalsp

35、reader,chaingrate,gearboxandsoon.Theiroperation,installationandmaintenanceinstructionshaverelationstotheirdesignstructure.Theyshallhavetheirownbooks.四、鍋爐停爐BoilerShutdown鍋爐設(shè)備除在運(yùn)行中發(fā)生事故，需緊急停爐外，其他是有計(jì)劃經(jīng)常性的檢修停爐，其停爐應(yīng)按下列程序進(jìn)行：Theboilerhasproblemduringtherunning,needtheemergencyshutdown.Theboilersalsoneedther

36、egularshutdownformaintenanceasperthebelowsteps:1、先停供燃料至燃燒室，停止送風(fēng)機(jī)接著停止引風(fēng)機(jī)。Firstly,stopfeedingthefueltoburningroom,thenstoptheFDfanandfinallystoptheIDfan.2 、隨鍋爐負(fù)荷降低，相應(yīng)減少鍋爐的進(jìn)水，并維持玻璃水位表上正常水位。Withtheboilerloadisbecomesmaller,reducingtheboilerwaterfeedingaccordinglyandkeepthewaterlevelonthenormalpositionon

37、glasswaterlevelgauge.3 、當(dāng)鍋爐停止燃燒后，壓力與蒸汽流量逐漸減低，當(dāng)流量表指示接近零時(shí)，可將鍋爐出口之主汽閥慢慢關(guān)上，此時(shí)應(yīng)切斷其與蒸汽母管之間的連接。Whentheboilerstopsburning,thepressureandsteamflowshallbedropslowly.Oncetheflowgaugeindicatesnearzero,closethemainsteamvalveontheoutletofboilerslowlyandcutofftheconnectiontothesteammaintube.4 、當(dāng)停止供過(guò)熱蒸汽后，必須開啟過(guò)熱器出口集

38、箱上疏水門約30-50分鐘后再關(guān)閉，以冷卻過(guò)熱器，無(wú)過(guò)熱器的則例外。Afterstopsupplyingthesuperheatsteam,thedrainholeonthesuper-heateroutletheadermustbeopenfor30-50minbeforeclosetocoolingthesuper-heater.5 、當(dāng)鍋爐停供蒸汽后，應(yīng)關(guān)閉通往省煤器的煙道門，使煙氣由旁通煙道排出，如無(wú)旁路時(shí)，應(yīng)注意省煤器水溫的變化，沸騰式省煤器應(yīng)開啟鍋筒至省煤器再循環(huán)閥。Whentheboilerstopssupplyingsteam,thefluegasdoortotheeconomizershallbeclosedtoletthefluegasexhaustingbythebypassduct.Ifthereisnobypass,keepnoticeonthewatertemperaturechangeofeconomizer.Theboilingtypeeconomizershallopentherecyclevalveconnectingdrumtoeconomiz