高中英語語法專題：同位語從句講與練

1、高中英語語法專題:同為語從句講與練一. 定義:用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。二. 考點:同位語從句的先行詞多為 fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞。如:They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.對你生病這件事,他們都很焦慮。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪兒聽說我不能來?Early in the day came the news

2、that Germany had declared war on Russia.德國已對俄國宣戰(zhàn)的消息一大早就傳來了。注:同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞 whether 引導(dǎo)。如:I have no idea whether he ll come or not.我不知道他是否來。連接代詞 who, which, what和連接副詞 where,when, why, how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。The question who should do the work requires consideration.誰該干這項工作,這個問題需要考慮。W e haven t yet settled the qu

3、estion where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假,這個問題我們還沒有決定。 It is a question how he did it.那是一個他如何做了此事的問題。1. that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別 ? that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句; that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句法功能上:that 只起連接從句的作用, 無意義。 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。 不可省。 that 替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用, 還充當(dāng)一個句子成分。如在從句中作動詞的賓語時可省略。意義上:從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。從句起限定作用,是定語如:

4、The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位語從句, that 不可省 李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個消息是真的。 The news (that he told me yesterday is true. (定語從句, that 在從句中作的賓語,可省 他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。2. 一些表示 “建議、 命令、 要求” 的名詞后所跟的同位語從句中, 謂語動詞用虛擬語氣 should+動詞原形表示。 should 可省。 如: This is our only request that this (should

5、 be settled as soon as possible.這就是我們唯一的請求:盡快解決這個問題。三. 同位語從句是名詞性從句 (主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句 中的主要從句之一,從句作同位語表示與 之同位的名詞 (短語 的實際內(nèi)容,它的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,對前面的名詞 (短語 加以補充說明或進一步解釋,相當(dāng)于一個 表語從句,它們之間的關(guān)系是同位關(guān)系,即主表關(guān)系。注:一個名詞 (或其它形式 對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾,限定或說明,這個名詞 (或其它形式 就是同位語。同位語與 被它限定的詞的格要一致,并常常緊挨在一起。1. 名詞作同位語Mr Wang, my childs teach

6、er, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生,我孩子的老師,星期二要來看我們。 2. 短語作同位語I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我,作為家里最大的女孩, 老得照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引語作同位語But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是現(xiàn)在他 們不得不思考這樣的問題:“多莉早死是因為它是一只克隆羊嗎?”

7、4. 句子作同位語The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海輪可以開到 五大湖,讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。四. 同位語從句用法歸納:同位語部分是個句子 , 就是同位語從句 , 這種用法比較 " 固定 "1、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。 I heard the news that our team had won.我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。2、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有 news , i

8、dea , fact , promise , question , doubt , thought , hope , message , suggestion , words (消息, possibility 等。Ive come from Mr wang with a message that hewont be able to see you this afternoon. 我從王先生 那里來,他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。3、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞 that, whether ,連接副詞 how,when,where等。(注:if,which 不能引 導(dǎo)同位語從句。He

9、must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。4、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。 五. 同位語從句 -引導(dǎo)詞:同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞 that , whether ,連接代詞和連接 副詞等。1. 連詞 that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句(注:引導(dǎo)同位語從句的 that 不能省略The ide

10、a that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你認為不動腦筋就能做好這件工 作的想法是完全錯誤的。(作 idea 的同位語【注意 1】在某些名詞 (如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等 后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一項建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊?！咀⒁?2】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞 that 通常不省略,但在非正式文體中也可以省去。He gabbe

11、d his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱,給人 的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機了。2. 連詞 whether 引導(dǎo)同位語從句 (注:if 不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我們是否請專 家由家庭醫(yī)生來定?！咀⒁狻?whether 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但 if 不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句連接代詞 what,

12、 who, whom, whose, which引導(dǎo)同位語從句1.I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿幾號的鞋。(what 作定語2.I have no idea which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪種酒最好,這是個人 口味的問題。(which 作定語3.The question who will take his place is still not clear. (who 作主語4. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句 連接副詞 when, where, how, whyW

13、e havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪兒去度暑假, 這個問題我們還沒有決定。六. 同位語從句 -相關(guān)語法(一、同位語從句在句中的位置1. 一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞 (如 news , idea , fact , promise , hope , message 等 的后面,用以說明該 名詞所表達的具體內(nèi)容。Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this aft

14、ernoon.我從王先生那 邊得知一個消息,他說他今天下午不能來看你了。2. 有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后,而被別的詞語隔開,在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她 離開家時沒把門關(guān)上。(二、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式,并且往往帶有限定詞 (word除外 加以修飾。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪兒聽說我不能來?(

15、三 、 同位語從句的語氣 在 suggestion , advice , request , order 等意為“建議; 命令; 要求”的名詞后, 同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu),句中的 should 可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we(shoulduse the computer.老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。(四、同位語從句的先行詞同位語從句的先行詞通常是抽象名詞, 常見的有:idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, f

16、ear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝覺得身 上并沒有穿上新衣,對這個問題騙子是怎樣解釋的 ?代詞 it 可用作同位語從句的先行詞。這個 it 常放在某些動詞或短語動詞后作賓語,同時兼作其后 that 同位語從 句的先行詞。I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸虧你,我現(xiàn)在還活著。有的語法學(xué)家把先行詞

17、 it 后的 that 從句看作是動詞或介詞的真正賓語。一般認為,這種 it 后的 that 從句應(yīng)看 作 it 的同位語,因為它相當(dāng)于“主語 +be+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)。You must se to it that the children don't catch cold.(=You must see to it, and It is that the children don't catch cold.你要當(dāng)心,別讓孩子們著涼了。 1.意義的不同同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的, 它與被修飾詞語通?？梢詣澋忍? 而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞 的,它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與

18、其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來:We are glad at the news that he will come. 聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。 (news的內(nèi)容就是 that he will come ,故 that 引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句 We are glad at the news that he told us. 聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。 (that從句是限制 the news的內(nèi)容的,即我們高興只是因為他告訴的這個 news 而不是其他的 news ,故 that 從句為定語從句 2. 引導(dǎo)詞的不同 what, how, if, whatever 等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,但不引導(dǎo)定

19、語從句。3. 引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句時,它不充當(dāng)句子成分,而引導(dǎo)定語從句時,它作為關(guān)系代詞,要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語, 要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us中的 that 就充當(dāng) told 的賓語。4. 被修飾詞語的區(qū)別同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限,通常有 hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth 等, 而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。 另外, when 和 where 引導(dǎo)定語從句時, 通常只修飾表示時間和地點的名詞, 而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句時卻不一定;又

20、如 why 引導(dǎo)定語從句,它通常只修飾名詞 the reason,而它引導(dǎo)同位語從句時 則不一定:I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他們什么時候來。 (同位語從句 Ill never forget the days when I lived there. 我永遠不會忘記我住在那兒的日子。 (定語從句八. 同位語從句 -特殊形式1. 間隔同位語從句同位語從句通常是跟在它解釋或說明的名詞后, 但有些情況下, 由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的原因, 同位語從句不緊跟在名詞后, 而被其他的詞隔開。A warm thought suddenly came to me tha

21、t I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday簡析:由于 that 從句太長,為避免句子失去平衡,此處用了間隔同位語從句2.suggestion,request 和 order 等名詞后的同位語從句用虛擬語氣。She made a request that the doctor(shouldbe sent for at once.她請求立即請醫(yī)生來。簡析:suggestion , order , request , proposal , requirement , command ,

22、 advice , proposition 和 recommendation 等名詞后接同位語從句時,從句中的謂語動詞要用“(should+動詞原形”的形式,其中 should 一詞可省略。3. 短語及固定句式后的同位語從句I will come on condition that John is invited.如果約翰也被邀請的話,我就來。簡析:短語 On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s, on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the ass

23、umption及句式 There BE+no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,后的 that 從句 為同位語從句。例句:1 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain.2 We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse.4 Museums play a role of education

24、for the simple reason that they provide people with a good Opportunity to have a deeper understanding of their own country's tradition and cultures.練 習(xí) 一用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空:It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.2.I have no idea _ we can do with these waste materials.3._the doctor really doubts

25、is_my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4.It is hoped_nature will never be destroyed.5._do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?6.- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.- Is that _ you had a few days off?7. Word came_I was wanted at the office.8.Do you know _of them

26、 will be our new headmaster?9.The teacher didnt tell me _we were wrong.10. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.B. 單項選擇It was true _ Alice did surprised her mother.A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that2. Does _matter much _he cant come to the meeting.A. it, if B. th

27、at, if C. it, whether D. this, whether3.-What are you anxious about?- _A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeedC. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed4.The reason _the little actress has been such a success is _she is both clever and hard-working. A. why, why B. why, that C. that, becau

28、se D. for, because5. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person6.I really dont know _I had this photo taken.A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why7.? Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember _.A. whe

29、re B. there C. which D. that8.-What do you think of China?-_different life is today from _it used to be.A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that9.Give this to _you think can do the work well.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever10._troubles me is _I cant learn all these English idioms by heart.A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that練習(xí)一答案 :A. :1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who6.