四大題型技巧講解——翻譯

1、四大題型技巧講解翻譯翻譯原單句漢譯英調(diào)整為段落漢譯英。翻譯內(nèi)容涉及中國的歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會發(fā)展等。四級 長度為140-160個(gè)漢字；六級長度為 180-200個(gè)漢字。本題改革前難度系數(shù)0.89，改革后難度系數(shù)0.95。英漢語言對比1.形合與意合 聽到這消息，他滿眼是淚。When he heard the n ews, his eyes were filled with tears.I bought six pens which cost me thirty yua n. When I took them back home, I found they were sec ond hand.漢

2、譯英的時(shí)候，要把隱性的邏輯關(guān)系顯性化；需要增補(bǔ)的要增補(bǔ)出來。我買了六支鋼筆，一共三十元。拿回家一看，都是用過的。對漢語的處理或變換：我買了六支鋼筆，（這六支鋼筆）一共三十元。（當(dāng)我）拿回家一看，（我發(fā)現(xiàn)鋼筆）都是用過的。I bought six pens which cost me thirty yua n. When I took them back home, I found they were sec ond hand.2.主語與話題SVSVCSVOSVOO SVOC 翻譯不是主語+不及物動詞主語+系動詞+表語主語+謂語+賓語主語+謂語+雙賓語 主語+謂語+復(fù)合賓語The river r

3、unsHe looks stro ng.He pain ted a pictureHe gave me a medical han dbook They made him their team leader.word to word 而是 notion to notion 。食堂今天吃餃子。Jiaozi are served in the can tee n today.開汽車沒有方向盤不行。3.被動與主動1931:1957:1931 :1967:You can t turn a car without the wheel.我也許是太自私了，也許是被別的東西迷住了眼睛。 我也許太自私了，也許是

4、別的東西迷了我的眼睛。 上身的衣服完全被打濕了。上身的衣服完全打濕了。 漢英翻譯技巧1. 詞匯層面的處理 選詞：瞻前顧后，即在上下文中的意思；得意忘形，即得到意思，忘記形式。問題是到哪兒去找答案。The p roblem is where to find the an swer.科學(xué)家必須知道怎樣運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)以求得問題的答案。It is n ecessary that a scie ntist know how to use mathematics to get an an swer to his questi on.你做什么沒關(guān)系，重要的問題是你怎么做。What you do does not

5、matter. The important thing is how you do it. 我閱讀了關(guān)于那些問題的著作。I have read books about these subjects.I have referred to works deali ng with those subjects.你會聽到到處都在討論這個(gè)問題。You' II find the topic being discussed everywhere. 那臺機(jī)器出問題了。Someth ing is wrong with that mach ine.一路上沒出問題。The trip went off wit

6、hout misha p.2、修飾成分的語序（1）定語的位置這是目前唯一可行的辦法。That is the only th ing to do now.這些是我們面對的主要問題。Those are the chief p roblems facing us.得到最高分?jǐn)?shù)的學(xué)生將獲得獎學(xué)金。The stude nt who receives the highest score will be awarded a scholarsh ip.（2 ）定語的次序在漢語中，幾個(gè)定語連用的時(shí)候，習(xí)慣上把最能表明事物本質(zhì)的放在最前面，距離中心詞較遠(yuǎn);英語則相反，越能表明事物基本性質(zhì)的定語，越要靠近中心詞。A

7、、表示物理性質(zhì)的詞距中心詞較遠(yuǎn)，表化學(xué)性質(zhì)的詞距中心詞較近。 氫是一種能自然的輕氣體。Hydroge n is a light and spontan eously combustible gas. 表示產(chǎn)地的較遠(yuǎn)，表示原材料的較近。這是特級的，有圖案的國產(chǎn)毛毯。This is a homemade, superfine, p atter ned woole n bla nket.B、表示時(shí)間概念的詞較遠(yuǎn)。 一個(gè)白發(fā)蒼蒼的老教授。an old and white-haired professor 國際經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序a new intern ati onal econo mic order 數(shù)詞較遠(yuǎn)

8、，表性質(zhì)的詞較近。50名可愛的孩子 the fifty lovely childre nC、表次要性質(zhì)的詞較遠(yuǎn)，主要性質(zhì)的較近 醫(yī)學(xué)上的重大發(fā)明the great medical inven ti on難分主次的，短單詞在前，長的在后 勤勞勇敢的中國人民the brave hard-work ing Chin ese pe ople(3)狀語的位置英漢副詞的位置大體一致，但英語中，狀語的位置十分靈活，有些情況下需要調(diào)整。在漢語中, 表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、比較、關(guān)涉對象等狀語的語序與英語往往一致，通常置于句首。我是去年在北京遇見他的。I met him in Beiji ng last y

9、ear.從杭州坐旅游車向西南走大約3小時(shí)左右，可以到達(dá)一個(gè)叫瑤林的旅游勝地。There is a tourist attract ion called YaoL in which you can reach in about 3 hours by going southwest by tourist bus from Hangzhou.（鏡像對稱”3. 被動語態(tài)的翻譯 形式主動、意義被動的句子 困難克服了，工作完成了，問題也解決了。The difficulties have bee n overcome, the work has bee n done and the p roblem sol

10、ved. 文章總算寫完了。The article has fin ally bee n fini shed.是+動詞+的"的判斷句。語言是在實(shí)踐中逐漸形成的。Lan guage has bee n formed in p ractice.地基是石頭砌成的，墻壁則是磚頭壘起的。The foun dati on is made of stones and the wall of bricks.漢語的無主句、泛指主語句等 外面下雨了。It ' s raining.據(jù)說這個(gè)事故跟他有關(guān)。It is said he is in volved in this accide nt.4. 倒

11、裝結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯 部分倒裝的具體用法 句首是否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞語時(shí)，常用部分倒裝。Not a sin gle book he read that mon th.Un der no circumsta nces shall we cancel the p arty.常用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的詞或短語有：at no / other time, by no means,under no circumstances, hardly, scarcely, seldom,in no way, in vain, little, never, rarely, few,no sooner tha n, hardlywh

12、e n, no where, not un til,not only but also, not a single word, not frequently句首是 only 引導(dǎo)的狀語時(shí) , 需要部分倒裝。 Only in this way can we solve the problem.常用短語還有：only by chance, only then, only with difficulty, only on a rare occasion 等等。新大綱樣題和譯文 剪紙(paper cutting)是中國最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷 史，在明朝和清朝時(shí)期(

13、the Ming and Qing Dynasties )特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。 特別是在春節(jié)和婚慶期間，剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏 色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。 中國剪紙?jiān)谑澜绺鞯睾苁軞g迎，經(jīng)常被用作饋贈外國友人的禮物。剪紙(paper cutting)是中國最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。Paper cutting is one of China's most popular traditional folk arts.中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時(shí)期( the Ming and Qing Dynasties )特別流行。C

14、hinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.特別是在春節(jié)和婚慶期間，剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。The co