【崗位說(shuō)明書(shū)】【財(cái)務(wù)培訓(xùn)講義】SAPFI講義

1、Unit 1Basic settings 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)置Unit Overview單元概述 Comp any code, business areas公司代碼，業(yè)務(wù)范用 Fiscal Year會(huì)il年度 Currencies貨幣 Variant principle變式原則Unit Objectives 單元目標(biāo)After completing this unit, you will be able to: Map the JccountihJ structure of your company using mySAP ERP Financials organizational units使用SAP財(cái)

2、務(wù)組織單元貴公司的閔1結(jié)構(gòu)。 Explain the meaning of the terms “company code' and ''business area" and their differences 解釋閘“公司代碼”和“業(yè)務(wù)范nr的含義和它們的區(qū)別。 Create a company code創(chuàng)建一個(gè)公司代碼。 Explain the use and advantages of the variant principle解釋變式原則的用法和優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 Explain the necessity and use of a fiscal year var

3、iant 解釋會(huì)il 年度變式的必要性和用法。 Explain different types of fiscal year variants 解釋不通類型的會(huì)il 年度變式。 Define a fiscal year variant according to your requirements 根據(jù)你的需求定義一個(gè)會(huì)訃年度變式。 Assign the fiscal year variant to a company code給公司代碼分配一個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)年度變式。 Define currencieS in the mySAP ERP system給SAP系統(tǒng)立義I貨幣 Explain the mea

4、ning of diflfereiit 阪hinge 預(yù)e tfB崩 解釋不同匯率類型的含義。 Maintain exchange rates 維護(hù)匯率。 Use the different tools for maintaining exchange rates 使用不痛的工具維護(hù)匯率。 Explain the options for maintaining exchange rates 解釋維護(hù)匯率的各個(gè)選項(xiàng).Lesson: Organizational Units 組織單元Lesson OverviewReflect the organizational units in account

5、ing with mySAP ERP Explain the terms client, company code, and business area 解釋術(shù)語(yǔ) Create company codes and business areas Copy company codes Make country-specific settings做國(guó)別設(shè)置，我們國(guó)家的特殊設(shè)置Lesson ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to: Map the accounting structure of your company u

6、sing mySAP ERP Financials organizational units使用SAP財(cái)務(wù)組織單元1貴公司的忍結(jié)構(gòu)。 Explain the meaning of the terms .company code, and .business area. And their differences解釋“公司代碼”和“業(yè)務(wù)范用”的含義和它們的區(qū)別。 Create a company code創(chuàng)建一個(gè)公司代碼。Business Example 業(yè)務(wù)例子Your client's company is a medium-sized enterprise based in the

7、 course country. The enterprise is a single legal entity.貴公司是一家中型國(guó)有公司。是獨(dú)立的法律實(shí)體Comp any Code1000Client000Client001Client400Company Code3000Comp any Code2000mm Business Area 1000Company Code4000Business Area 2000Organizational Units in mySAP ERP FinancialsThe client is the highest level in the mySAP E

8、RP system hierarchy. |Specifications or data that is valid for all organizational units in mySAP ERP applications (such as exchange rates, forexample) are entered at the client level. Thisthe need to enter this information more than once. Each client is an independent unit with separate master recor

9、ds and a complete set of tables and data. Users must enter a client key and have a user master record in the client in order to log on to the system.集團(tuán)代碼是SAP系統(tǒng)中最高層次的組織單位。H卿或數(shù)據(jù)作為所有的在SAP集團(tuán)層進(jìn)入的應(yīng)用的會(huì)計(jì)主體的根據(jù)。這就 Sgir重復(fù)輸入這些信息。每個(gè)集團(tuán)代碼都是獨(dú)立的單元，都有單獨(dú)的數(shù)據(jù)記錄和完整的數(shù)搖表設(shè)置。用戶必須輸入 一個(gè)客戶端號(hào)和用戶號(hào)才能登錄系統(tǒng)訂企clicnl那層的數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)営對(duì)SAP中所冇的組織單元

10、都是仃效的，ClientjclicM是列 I無(wú)聯(lián)系的，用戶是建立在client里而的 用戶不可以跨clicjImportant organizational units in Financials: Comp any Code (for cxicrnal 外部的 pu rposcs 目的)A com pany code rep resents 表現(xiàn)了 an independent balancing/legal accounting entity.代表一個(gè)獨(dú)立的法窪的會(huì)il實(shí)體.誰(shuí)對(duì)外出獨(dú)立報(bào)農(nóng)就設(shè)計(jì)成公司代碼Company Code. An example would be a compan

11、y with independent accounts within a corporate group. Financial statements required by law can be created at company code level. Therefore, a company code is the minimum structure necessary in mySAP ERP Financials, In an international business, opcrations are often scaltcrcd分散 across numerous很多的 cou

12、ntries. Since most government and tax authorities require the registration 注冊(cè) of a legal cnMlv 實(shí)體 for every company, a separate comp any code is usually created per country.Business Area (for interna! purposes) Business areas represent separate areas of operation within an organization and can be us

13、ed across company codes. They are balancing entities that can create their own set of financial statements for internal purposcs. It is therefore possible to save and evaluate transaction figures for each business area. The use of business areas isoptional.To create a company code, copy an existing

14、company code using the "Copy Company Code" function. This copies the following data:DefinitionGlobal parametersCustomizing tablesGeneral ledger accounts (if desired)Account determinationAfter this, all you have to do is make the required changes to the new company code.Creati ng a Comp any

15、 CodeHint: The IMG suggests the following order: Copy. Delete, Check Company Code Edit Comp any Code DataCopy an existing company code. This has the advantage that you also copy the existing company code-spc&fic parameters. After copying. you can edit data in your new company code,You have to se

16、lect a four digit alphanumeric key as the company code key. This key identifies the company code and. for example, must be entered later when posting business transactions or creating company code-specific master data.Hint: The use of the copy function is optionaL You can also define the company cod

17、e and carry out the configuration yourself without using a reference company code. Defining a company code4 character company code keyCompany nameCityCountryCurrencyLanguageAddress Global ParametersChart of accountsFiscal yearCompany code defaultsComp any CodeThe objects in the activity Edit Comp an

18、y Code Data include the following:.Thcaddress data is required for correspondence and is recorded on evaluation reports. You must define a currency for each company code. Accounts are managed in the company code currency. All other currencies are interpreted as foreign. The system translates the amo

19、unts posted in a foreign currency into the com pany code currency. The currency defined in the comp any code is known in mySAP ERP Financials as local currency.You must enter a language key so that the system can create texts automatically in the correct language; for example, when issuing checks, T

20、hccountry key specifies which country is to be regarded as the home country. The system interprets all other countries as foreign. This is important for business or payment transactions, since different forms are required for foreign payment transactions. The system also sup ports different address

21、formats for foreign correspondcncc.When you define a business area, you only have to enter a four digit alphanumeric key and a short description.etc.etc.Country TemplatesIn the my SAP ERP standard system, comp any code 0001 is a template for a general company code with chart of accounts INT and no s

22、pecial country specifications.If you need a company code for a country that has a country template, you can use the country installation program to copy the country-spccific tables from the country template to company code OOOL Company code 0001 is then configured for the corresponding country. You

23、should then copy this company code into your new company code. You may then start the country installation program again to create a template for another country and so on.Hint: The country installation prograin not only creates a country-spccific company code template but also a country-spccific te

24、mplate for controlling areas, plants. purchasing organizations, sales organizations, credit control areas, financial management areas, and so on.Caution: Do not forget to copy the country template before you continue. Do not use company code 000! as your productive company code because the country v

25、ersion program always uses this company code as the target company code.Also, you should only run the country installation program in a new installation of mySAP ERP and not in an upgrade installation. This is because the structure of the country-spccific Customizing may have changed from one niySAP

26、 ERP release to another.Exercise 1: Organizational UnitsExercise ObjectivesAfter completing this exercise, you will be able to: Create a company codeBusiness Exam pieYour client's company is a medium sized enterprise based in the course country. The enterprise is a single legal entity.Task 1:Cre

27、ate a company code GR# that reflects your client's company. In the rest of this course, you will be working in this company code,1, Company code 1000 already contains all the necessary settings and data. Copy company code 1000 to your new company code GR#Also copy the general ledger accounts at

28、this point!2, Change the definition of your company code GR#:Company name: Group #Country: Course countryCurrency: Local currencyLanguage: Local languageYou can fill the other fields to meet your requirements.3 Review the global parameters that were copied for your company code when you created it.試

29、驗(yàn)中遇到的間題:需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建request輸入登錄用戶號(hào)新建requesK貞小白紙標(biāo)出卜輸入描述創(chuàng)建Task 2:Search the BRlenientati Guide （IMG） for all the settings that are relevant （fj關(guān)的）for the business area balance sheet 資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表|Hint （提示）：Use the binoculars匝乂眼flQ|icon to search for "Business area fin, statements'*.1, Look for all the settin

30、gs that are relevant for the .business area balance sheet.Task 3:True or false?1, You can assign a business area to a company code directly,Ddennme whether ihis statement is true or false. True FalseLess on: Variant P rinci pie 變式原則（為了消除數(shù)據(jù) yongyu）Lesson OverviewYou get a theoretical insight using th

31、e variable principlc within the SAP system.Lesson ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to: Explain the use and advantages of the variant principleBusiness Exam pieYour customer has been informed by an experienced consultant顧問(wèn) that there is a principic in niySAP ERP that appears i

32、n several configuration tables配置表 and that simplifics簡(jiǎn)彳七 the system for himThe variant principle is a threestep method used in the SAP system to assign particular properties to one or more objects. The steps are:聊 1. Define the variantV 2. Determine values for the variant3 Assign the variant to the

33、objects The variant principle is used for Field status Posting periods Fiscal years字段裝態(tài)記賬期間會(huì)il年度Figure 6: The Variant PrincipieThe following example should explain this principle: Create a fiscal year variant Define the variant: K4 is your fiscal year variant, Dctcrminei!i(tM values for the variant

34、K4: Define the properties of fiscal year K4 Assign the variant to inySAP ERP objects: Assign K4 to various company codes that use this fiscal year. The main advantage for using variants is that it is easier to maintainproperties which arc common among several business objects.維護(hù)變式就可以維護(hù)它在兒個(gè)變量Less on:

35、 Fiscal YearLesson OverviewThis lesson explains how you define different fiscal year variants,Lesson ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you will be able to; Explain the necessity and use of a fiscal year variant Explain different types of fiscal year variants Define a fiscal year variant accord

36、ing to your requirements Assign the fiscal year variant to a company codeBusiness Exam pieThe company's fiscal year corresponds to the calendar year公歷年.The Accounting Manager wants four special periods for postings for year-end closing,下一年的 123,4,月份The fiscal year can be defined as. Year indepen

37、dent4 The number and start and end dates for the periods are the same for every year Year-s pecific今 Periods can vary from year to yearThe Fiscal YearYear independent與年度無(wú)關(guān)會(huì)計(jì)期間的數(shù)量和開(kāi)始結(jié)束的時(shí)間每一年都_樣Year-specific 年度相關(guān)To assign business transactions to different periods, you have to define a fiscalyear with

38、 posting periods. You define the fiscal year as a variant that is assignedto the company code,The fiscal year variant contains the definition of posting periods會(huì)計(jì)期間 and specialPeriods特殊會(huì)計(jì)期間.Special periods are used for postings that are not assigned to timeperiods.特殊會(huì)計(jì)期間是沒(méi)有分配時(shí)間段，but to the business

39、process of .year-end closing. In total, you can define 16 periods.The system derives獲取the posting period from the posting dale系統(tǒng)可以通過(guò)記賬的日期獲得記賬期間If the posting date falls within the last normal posting period, you can post the transaction in oneof the special periods.如果我們的記賬期落在了最后一個(gè)正常的記賬期間，你可以把它落在任何一個(gè)

40、特殊的記賬 期間Example: The graphic shows a fisca】year with 12 posting periods and 4 specialperiods. If the posting date falls in the 12th period, you can post the transaction inone of the four special periods instead.Standard fiscal year variants are already defined in the system and you can usethem as te

41、rnplalcs.Hint: The fiscal year variant does not specify whether a pcriod is open orclosed.會(huì)計(jì)年度變式是不會(huì)定義它的那個(gè)期間是開(kāi)著還是關(guān)著This data is managed in another tabic.這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)是 另外張表控制的The fiscal year variant only defines the number of periods and their start and finish dales,會(huì)計(jì)年度變 式只定義期間數(shù)量和開(kāi)始結(jié)束的時(shí)間。Calendar Year«

42、Fiscal YearExample of flsotl year that Is not aNov.Jan.01302calendar vearOct10S«pt. 3Dec.05May06Jun.1211Aug. 07Jul.MayMar.03My Apr.Dec.0103Aug.Nov. 04AprJun.02JtJi.Oct Sept.Beginning: April 1* 2004 End: March 31« 2005In which fiscal year and in which popting perk>d dees a posting made o

43、n January 15 2004 belong?This posting was made in posting period 5 of the previous nscal yearFigure 8: Year-lndependent Fiscal Year Variant 都屬于年度無(wú)關(guān)的If each fiscal year of a fiscal year variant uses the same number of periods, and the posting periods always start and end on the same day of the year,

44、the variant is year-independent. A year-independent fiscal year variant can be defined as: Calendar year Non-calendar yearIf the fiscal year is defined as the calendar year, the posting periods are equal to the months of the year. Therefore, a fiscal year that is a calendar year must have 12 posting

45、 periods.If the fiscal year is defined as a noncalendar year, you have to define the posnng periods by assigning end dates to each period. A non-calcndar year can have between 1 and 16 posting periods. If (he noncalcndar year docs not start on January 1st, the periods of (he year that belong to the

46、former or (he coming fiscal year must have an indicator ! or +1.The example above on the right shows a non-calendar year with 6 posting periods which goes from April to March, The months January to March therefore still belong to the old fiscal year and have the indicator -1.If the fiscal year diffe

47、rs from the calendar year, but the posting periods correspond to calendar months, the day limit for February should be 29 to consider leap years.Fiscal years arc normally year-independent.闔年是年度無(wú)關(guān)的。系統(tǒng)分閏年平年Full years with different period start and end datesThe posting periods for the fiscal year corr

48、espond wtth the months of the calendar yearShortened Fiscal Year200a200b200e0104200c200d0106Figure 9: Year-Specific Fiscal Year Variants毎年記賬期間開(kāi)始和結(jié)束時(shí)間不一樣，那么記賬期間是年度相關(guān)的。A fiscal year variant has to be defined as j ear-specifie if one of the following conditions is fulfilled: The start and end dates of

49、the posting periods for some fiscal years are different to the dates for other fiscal years. Some fiscal years use a different number of posting periods.04 !05If all of the fiscal years of a fiscal year variant have the same number of posting periods, only the different period dates for the differen

50、t years have to be defined (see example on the left).If one year of a fiscal year variant has less posting periods than the others, it is called a shortened fiscal year (see example on the right). This could be required, for example, if closing has to be carried out before the end of the normal fisc

51、al year; (for example, if the beginning of the fiscal year should be changed or if the company was sold). You have to define the shortened fiscal year and its number of posling periods before you can define the period dales. For this year, you can only assign a lower number of posling periods.Less on: CurrenciesLesson OverviewThis lesson presents the