淺析《飄》中白瑞德的人生態(tài)度

1、本科畢業(yè)論文An Analysis on Rhetts Life Attitude in Gone With the Wind淺析飄中白瑞德的人生態(tài)度學(xué)生姓名：石森淼指導(dǎo)教師：聶愛(ài)萍 所在院系：英語(yǔ)學(xué)院 所學(xué)專業(yè)年級(jí)：2008級(jí)英語(yǔ)教育中國(guó)長(zhǎng)春2012 年 5 月Abstract Gone with the Wind, the only novel written by American writer Margaret Mitchell during her life time, was published in 1936 and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937.

2、 From the time of its publication in 1936 to the present, this historical romance of the Civil War era has outsold any other hardcover book with the exception of the Bible. The novel took place in the southern United States of America in the state of Georgia during the American Civil War and the Rec

3、onstruction era which followed the war, and related a story about the life experience and the emotional entanglements of Scarlett OHara, a daughter of the plantation Tara owner. Rhett, as one of the main characters in the novel, has gained a prevalent popularity in the readers group. We will be happ

4、y with him, angry with his anger, and even sad with his sadness. He has so much influence on us that the study of him, especially his changing life attitude becomes so important and useful to our thorough understanding of his image in the eyes of the author. With a good understanding of his characte

5、r is both good for our readers and for the book and the author. At the beginning, this paper will give a brief introduction of the novel and the author. After that this thesis will center on the Rhetts changing life attitudes and the reasons from three stages, that is, rebellion against the Old Sout

6、hern Aristocracybefore the war, warrior of the Southduring the war and defender of the South Moralityafter the war. At last, this paper will give a conclusion of what has been studied. Through the discussion of the three stages of his life attitudes and the influence his love for Scarlett has put on

7、 him, we can get a systemic understanding of him, which will give us a profound impression on him, at the same time, have useful references for todays life as well. Key Words: changing attitude; love; Scarlett; Rhett摘 要1.中文摘要與英文不符，請(qǐng)仔細(xì)核對(duì)?。ㄒ桓寰陀羞@個(gè)問(wèn)題，希望認(rèn)真些）2. 中文摘要格式，字體不對(duì)，請(qǐng)修改。哪塊不一致啊？就奇了怪了飄是美國(guó)女作家瑪格麗特米切爾一生

8、中唯一的一部作品，發(fā)表于1936年，于1937年獲得普利策獎(jiǎng)。這個(gè)在美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)歷史背景下的愛(ài)情故事，自1936年發(fā)表至今，其銷(xiāo)售量?jī)H次于圣經(jīng)。小說(shuō)以美國(guó)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和重建為背景，講述了塔拉莊園主的女兒斯嘉麗的生活遭遇和感情糾葛。而白瑞德作為主要角色之一，深受廣大讀者的歡迎，我們會(huì)因他的開(kāi)心而開(kāi)心，憤怒而憤怒，悲傷而悲傷。他是如此廣泛的影響著我們，因此，要深入的讀懂作者眼中的白瑞德，對(duì)于他的研究，尤其是對(duì)于他態(tài)度變化的研究就顯得尤為重要。這樣的研究不僅有益與我們自己，也有益于作者與書(shū)本本身。本篇文章通過(guò)對(duì)白瑞德生活態(tài)度的三個(gè)階段的分析，即從戰(zhàn)前南方貴族階級(jí)的反抗者到戰(zhàn)中南方的戰(zhàn)士到最后南方傳統(tǒng)道德的保

9、衛(wèi)者。并且通過(guò)與斯嘉麗之間的愛(ài)情帶給他的生活態(tài)度的改變，來(lái)系統(tǒng)性的透視這個(gè)人物，以期能更加深刻的理解這個(gè)人物和給我們的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活提供一定的借鑒。關(guān)鍵詞：態(tài)度變化； 愛(ài)情； 斯嘉麗；白瑞德 ITable of Contents目錄的字體格式都不正確，另外introduction和conclusion都不用數(shù)字序號(hào)，論文格式要求上次已經(jīng)發(fā)給寫(xiě)手了，請(qǐng)仔細(xì)修改。Abstract（in English）IAbstract（in Chinese）IIIntroduction1 A Brief Introduction of the Author and the novel1 Background and

10、Significance21（Literature Review ）42Changing Life Attitudes of Rhett52.1Before the warRebellion Against the Old Southern Aristocracy52.2 During the war Warrior of the South72.3 After the warDefender of the South Morality8 Conclusions10References11An Analysis on Rhetts Life Attitude in Gone With the

11、Wind Introduction According應(yīng)用注釋表明 to the background information of the author written in the Wikipedia（11）, an online website. We can know that Margaret Mitchell is an outstanding novelist, who was born in Atlanta, Georgia. Her childhood was spent in the lips of Civil War veterans and of her materna

12、l relatives, who had lived through the Civil War. Her early education was received at the Washington Seminary now the Westminster Schools. After graduating from it, she attended Smith College, but withdrew during her freshman year in 1918. She returned to Atlanta to take over the household after her

13、 mothers death. Shortly afterward, she defied the conventions of her class and times by taking a job at the Atlanta Journal. Under the name Peggy Mitchell she wrote a weekly column for the newspapers Sunday edition, thereby making her mark as one of the first female columnists at the Souths largest

14、newspaper. Mitchell was reported to have begun writing Gone with the Wind while bedridden with a broken ankle. Her husband, John Marsh, gave a solid support to her writing. Furthermore, Margaret was a beauty - like her famous character Scarlett in Gone with the Wind - and like Scarlett, she was a ve

15、ry curious, smart, and clever woman who shocked the world with her three and a half pound novel. Margaret lived to the fullest, looking for passion and love - never stopping to ask permission or dutifully submitting to anyones will but her own.Gone with the Wind is a sweeping, romantic story about t

16、he American Civil War from the point of view of the Confederacy. In particular it is the story of Scarlett OHara, a headstrong Southern belle who survived the hardships of the war and afterwards managed to establish a successful business by capitalizing on the struggle to rebuild the South, where Sc

17、arlett spent her young maiden years. She was well disciplined by her mother, but her blazing green eyes always betrayed her covert capricious self; the one who enjoyed parties and the surrounding of beaus. The impending war shattered the golden peace of the South, and leaved many lives permanently c

18、hanged. Plantations, treasures, and honor are ruined. Scarlett was made a most peculiar widow by the war, and then compelled into a second marriage in continuation of her struggle for the salvation of Tara. And her third marriage to Rhett Butler was also jeopardized because of her secret, stubborn a

19、rdency for Ashley. In the end of the book Scarlett was left only with her Tara, a plantation which symbolized the culture of the Old South, a place where she could ever gather her strength.As we all know to thoroughly understand a novel, we must take its writing background into consideration. Thus i

20、n this part we will talk about the writing background from three aspects, politically and economically, which are very important for us to know better about the authors viewpoints about man and women in Gone With the Wind. The influence of the Feminist Movement，American feminist movement started in

21、the 1840s. The sign of it is that the Seneca Falls held the countrys first American womens conference in 1848 in New York. Declaration of the general assembly took people are born to be equal as bisexual shared natural rights, which was seen as the beginning of the United States womens struggle for

22、their liberation . But after the civil war, the female suffrage problems have not been solved. Feminists in all possible places organized innumerable protests. After seventy two years of unremitting struggle, in the Nineteenth Amendment to the constitution in the 1920 the right to vote of women fina

23、lly got the congressional approval, they at last got the right to vote. Therefore, womens sense of self, of their own rights and interests has also greatly affected the novel writing. The influence of the economic crisis Gone with the Wind was published in 1936; this novel has cost the author almost

24、 ten years. During the period from 1929 to 1933 the countrys big economic crisis swept all over the country and intensified the social contradictions. The influence of this crisis is unprecedented, such as, the great decrease in manufacture; the high rate of unemployment, the length of the duration

25、all never existed before. It had been a common social psychology to feel discontented about the society and to seek new social outlet. Under such difficult conditions, how to survive had been the common pursuit of the people. Gone with the Wind has an important historical position in literature. We

26、all know that the value of literature works is mainly located in two aspects: first, the successful shaping of the main characters. Second, the authentic portrayal of the typical environment the characters lived in, which is also a basic demand of the realistic literature. Gone with the Wind”, as on

27、e of the realistic novels, lays at its outstanding achievement in these two aspects. Her successful portray of the heroine Scarlett has been discussed for a long time and its achievement is self-evident. The author put Scarlett in the background of the Civil War and the post reconstruction era, and

28、gave a detailed description of her life in both love and the war to manifest her complex characteristics which were in accordant with the times she lives in. The literary value of the novel is that it reproduced the typical life environment of the typical characters. That is, it reflects the real so

29、cial life of the southern states in that particular historical period. As a historical novel, Gone with the Wind scarcely gives a complete description of the process of the breakdown of the slavery in southern America during the civil war through the narration of Scarletts life experience. We cannot

30、 only see the extremely extravagant and luxurious life of the slave-owner class in contrast with the poverty sufferings of the slaves but also the failure procedure of the Confederate Army step by step, which from one side gives us a panorama of the American civil war. Therefore, the study of the no

31、vel is both of literary value and historical value.1 Literature Review 引用請(qǐng)加注！ After being washed away by the literary critics for many years, Gone with the Wind makes people accept its depth of thought, which is covered by the name of a best seller, and at long last, it is admitted as a masterpiece

32、in world literature. Since the prevalence of Margaret Mitchells novel Gone with the Wind, it has received widespread attention from many scholars, with numbers of mixed reactions and criticism. The study of Gone With The Wind mainly focus on the following four aspects: Firstly, the study of the cont

33、ent, the theme and the ideological tendency of the work, which carries out mainly around the attitude towards the American Civil War and slavery, changes from a reactionary novel in the 1950s to a masterpiece of realism and an elegy in the 1980s. Secondly, the study of the characters, which centers

34、on the analysis of Scarlett, changes from an antihero to a heroine. Thirdly, comparative studies, mainly from the following three aspects: First, the comparative study of the female image in the work itself or between different works, such as, Scarlett versus Wang Xifeng, a character in the Cao Xueq

35、ins masterpiece A Dream of the Red Mansions. In addition, the comparative study of the awakening of the awareness of feminine consciousness between different works, such as, Scarlett versus Jane Eyre. Second, the comparative study from the viewpoint of the recount紅字部分什么意思？ model. Third, some authors

36、 make a contrastive study of various Chinese versions. Fourthly, some writers study the theme of love and marriage in the work. For example, Bing Wen in his paper Gone with the Wind -A Course of Scarletts love analyzed the positive influence of Scarletts love pursuit and claimed that請(qǐng)加注！ it is her d

37、eep love for Ashley, Rhett, and Tara respectively that supports her to pull through the difficulties and to live on bravely. Besides, Wang Jian studied the view of marriage of the four main characters in Gone with the Wind: Scarlett, Ashley, Rhett, and Melanie. He argued that different請(qǐng)加注！ views on

38、marriage reveal different personalities, and display the characters different class natures as well. In this paper, we choose one study field, that is the study of the character, but we will mainly talk about the character of Rhett not Scarlett. More specifically, we talk about Rhetts changing life

39、attitudes, which can be a new research perspective on this novel. 2 Changing Life Attitudes of Rhett In this part, we will analyze Rhetts changing and seeming paradoxical attitudes from the aspect of Freuds theory, which can help us better understanding his self-contradictory attitudes toward the So

40、uth. Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis. In his later work, Freud proposed that the human psyche could be divided into three parts: Id, ego, and super-ego. Freud discussed this model in the 1920 essay “Beyond the Pleasure Principle”, and fully elab

41、orated upon it in The Ego and the Id (1923), in which he developed it as an alternative to his previous topographic schema (i.e., conscious, unconscious, and preconscious). The id is the completely unconscious, impulsive, child-like portion of the psyche that operates on the pleasure principle and i

42、s the source of basic impulses and drives; it seeks immediate pleasure and gratification. Freud acknowledged that his use of the term Id (das Es, the It) derives from the writings of Georg Groddeck. The super-ego is the moral component of the psyche, which takes into account no special circumstances

43、 in which the morally right thing may not be right for a given situation. The rational ego attempts to exact a balance between the impractical hedonism of the id and the equally impractical morality of the super-ego; it is the part of the psyche that is usually reflected most directly in a persons a

44、ctions. When overburdened or threatened by its tasks, it may employ defense mechanisms including denial, repression, and displacement. This concept is usually represented by the Iceberg Model. This model represents the roles the Id, Ego, and Super Ego play in relation to conscious and unconscious th

45、ought.2.1Before the warRebellion Against the Old Southern AristocracyPrewar Southern Society respected manners, values of honor and family background. Ones family origin and wealth decides his social position. The語(yǔ)法有問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)修改。 upper-class gentlemen drink, and do horse riding, shooting activitivites. An

46、d raising good cotton, riding well, shooting straight, dancing lightly, squiring the ladies with elegance and carrying ones liquor like a gentleman were the things that mattered. Besides, the evaluation from people around can make a person success but it can also completely destroy a person. Thus, p

47、eople in the South rather live for others evaluation than live for themselves. However, when Rhett first appeared in the novel, the novel reads: He成段引用格式不對(duì)，請(qǐng)修改。 looked quite old, at least thirty-five. He was a tall man and powerfully built. Scarlett thought she had never seen a man with such wide sh

48、oulders, so heavy with muscles, almost too heavy for gentility. When her eye caught his, he smiled, showing animal-white teeth below a close-clipped black mustache. He was dark of face, swarthy as a pirate, and his eyes were as bold and black as any pirates appraising a galleon to be scuttled or a m

49、aiden to be ravished. There was a cool recklessness in his face and a cynical humor in his mouth as he smiled at her, and Scarlett caught her breath. She felt that she should be insulted by such a look and was annoyed with herself because she did not feel insulted. She did not know who he could be,

50、but there was undeniably a look of good blood in his dark face. It showed in the thin hawk nose over the full red lips, the high forehead and the wide-set eyes.(1) His dark face, his thin hawk nose over the full red lips, the high forehead and the wide -set eyes prove his high blood. While the words

51、 like too heavy for gentility, animal-white teeth , swarthy as a priate, cool recklessness in his face and a cynical humor in his mouth show his ungentlemanly. From the mouth of Cathleen we know that he really comes from a good family belong to an upper class. And we also know he was expelled from t

52、he famous West Point because of the violation of the rules by which he does not like to be bound. Besides, he refused to marry a girl with whom he stayed out all most one night because of the smashed buggy, as this is against the traditional rules so he was not received by any one in Charleston. Wha

53、ts more, his appearance at Twelve Oaks drew absolute attention which gives us a dear picture of his rebellion against the southern aristocracy. It was at the eve of the war between south and north, when the southern manors were so arrogant and fantastic about the coming win of the south, he poured c

54、old water upon them引用格式不對(duì)，請(qǐng)修改。: I have seen many things that you all have not seen. The thousands of immigrants whod be glad to fight for the Yankees for food and a few dollars, the factories, the foundries, the shipyards, the iron and coal mines-all the things we havent got. Why, all we have is cot

55、ton and slaves and arrogance. Theyd lick us in a month.(1) Difficult to accept, but it is the truth, and he has the courage to say it in the fanatics. Against the traditional spirit that fight for the country till you die, he had a clear and penetrated eye for the trend.At this stage, he has little

56、moral sense; just follow what he thinks right. He cares about nobodys feeling except himself and he caters for nobody. This can be explained from the theory of Freud. According to Freud, we are born with our id. The id is an important part of our personality because as newborns, it allows us to get

57、our basic needs met. Freud believed the id is based on our pleasure principle. That is, the id wants something what feels good at the time. The id does not care about the needs of anyone else, only his own satisfaction. In this stage, the id of Rhett has the dominated power because of his smart, his

58、 confidence and his competence of earning money. He is prone to his id without any mind struggle. His rebellion against the traditional southern rules benefits him so much and he has no need to constrain it. We can say id is a pure selfish self before we accept the moral doctrine and internalize it .The same thing goes with Rhett. He does not accept the Southern traditions at the first, then how can he internalize them?2.2 During the war Warrior of the SouthWhen Rhett second appeared in the novel, it reads請(qǐng)加注！并且修改格式！: