八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上海教育出版社Unit1Encyclopaedias概要

1、必記單詞encyclopaedia 百科全書(shū)dinosaur 恐龍human 人的Italian 意大利人perhaps 可能，大概inventor 發(fā)明家invention 發(fā)明musician 音樂(lè)家notebook 筆記本scientist 科學(xué)家include 包括，包含born 出生even甚至countryside鄉(xiāng)村，農(nóng)村however然而intelligence才智，智慧suddenly突然，忽然artistic有藝術(shù)天賦的 nobody沒(méi)有人 ability才能，能力fossil 化石win 獲勝，贏dollar 美元必記短語(yǔ)listen to 聽(tīng)learn about 了解

2、到talk about 談?wù)搃n the countryside 在鄉(xiāng)村，在農(nóng)村be born 出生human being 人for example 例如die out 滅絕，消失at the end of在的盡頭， 在.末尾more than多于used to 過(guò)去常常know about 知道關(guān)于.的情況one day 有一天be famous for 因 而出名so much 如此多find out 了解到，弄清by the window 在窗戶(hù)旁邊next to 挨著 be interested in 對(duì) 感興趣be sure 確信go for a walk 去散步in the mou

3、ntains 在山上do with 處理in the newspaper在報(bào)紙上all kinds of各種各樣的a number of許多，大量since then自從那時(shí)be made up of由.組成，構(gòu)成 connect.to 把.和.連接起來(lái) 詞匯解析human 人的，the human body人體【知識(shí)拓展】human,人，也寫(xiě)作human being=Dogs can hear much better than human® 的聽(tīng)覺(jué)比人靈敏的多。練習(xí) ： 1.We are all hbeings.2 .Wolves will not usually attack （

4、襲擊）h.3 .These robots are just like h.learn about獲悉，得知，了解到about是介詞，后面接名詞，代詞做賓語(yǔ)，about也可用 of 代替。例： We're all sorry to learn about her illness.聽(tīng)到她生病的消息，我們都很難過(guò)listen to 意為“聽(tīng)”。 listen 意為“聽(tīng)”，指聽(tīng)的過(guò)程，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)，若表示聽(tīng)某人或某事時(shí)，后面要加介詞to， to 后接名詞或代詞。例： Listen to a radio programme about the“ Human Encycl

5、opedia” .聽(tīng)關(guān)于“百科全書(shū)”的廣播節(jié)目。練習(xí)1.我很高興幫你了解中國(guó)。I am glad to help you China.2.我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)收音機(jī)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。I often and learn English.Inventor 發(fā)明家He is a famous inventor他是一位有名的發(fā)明家。【知識(shí)拓展】( 1) invent 發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造，指發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的是以前沒(méi)有的東西。Gilbert discovered electricity， but Edison invented the light bulb.吉爾伯特發(fā)現(xiàn)了電，但愛(ài)迪生發(fā)明了燈泡。(2)invention 發(fā)明The

6、invention of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)明標(biāo)志著一個(gè)新時(shí)代的開(kāi)始。musician 音樂(lè)家，可數(shù)名詞。a piece of music 一首音樂(lè)listen to music 聽(tīng)音樂(lè)【知識(shí)拓展】music 音樂(lè)，樂(lè)曲musical 音樂(lè)的Scientist 科學(xué)家【知識(shí)拓展】-ist 是表示人的職業(yè)類(lèi)詞匯的后綴：scient 科學(xué) scientist 科學(xué)家art 藝術(shù) artist 藝術(shù)家piano 鋼琴 pianist 鋼琴家violin 小提琴 violinist 小提琴家born 出生be bor

7、n on +地點(diǎn)； be born in 出生于I was bornin1980.我生于 1980 年。ability 才能，能力，復(fù)數(shù)是 abilities , have the ability to do sth有能力做某事perhaps可能，大概【詞語(yǔ)辨析】maybe ， perhaps， possible， probably這四個(gè)詞都意為“可能”，但表示可能性大小不一樣，其順序如下：maybe,或許，大概，主要用于非正式場(chǎng)合，常用于口語(yǔ)中，語(yǔ)氣比perhaps輕。perhaps也許，可能，副詞，一般指小于一半可能性，較多的含有“不大可能”的意思。possibly,也許，或者，可能，可能

8、性較大，用于否定句中表示“無(wú)論如何”之意Probably,很可能，大概，在這組中可能性最大，表示一種幾乎完全肯定的意思。include 包括，包含 The price of the room includes breakfast.!問(wèn)的租金包括在早餐在內(nèi)?！驹~語(yǔ)辨析】include , including , included（ 1） include 為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“包含，包括”指整體中包含明確說(shuō)出的某些部分，有時(shí)不一定舉出所包含的全部?jī)?nèi)容。The price includes both house and furniture錢(qián)包括房子和家具（ 2） including 介詞，意為“包含，包

9、括”There are seven people, including four men.共有七人，包括四位男士。（ 3） included 為形容詞，意為 “包括在內(nèi)的”， 常用于名詞之后。它和 including引起的短語(yǔ)含義相同，但是在句中的詞序位置不同。Everybody had something to say, me included/ including me.nobody 沒(méi)有人， nobody 相當(dāng)于 not anybody.I saw nobody.=I didn't see anybod雁沒(méi)有見(jiàn)至1J個(gè)人。新詞強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子1.I was （出生）i

10、n a small village.1.1 'm planning to spend some time in the beautiful 鄉(xiāng)村（）.I love nature.3 .He has the 能力）（ to be the manager .4 .（也許）I'll see him tomorrow,but I m not sure.1.1 think the most helpful（發(fā)明） is the light bulb.6. （甚至）a child can understand it.7. My house is small .It's very c

11、omfortable,（然而）.8. （突然）there was a loud noise .1.1 opened the the door ,but I could see無(wú)人） （.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空10 .The Chinese（inventor） the compas確南針）.11 .She likes listening to （musician）.12 .My favorite subject is （scientist）13 .You'll find the plan （include） most of your suggestions.14 .Their daugh

12、ter is very （intelligence）more than 后接數(shù)詞，意為“超過(guò)，多于 " ，相當(dāng)于 overHe has been 川 for more than two weeks他病了 倆周多。look up 查找，后面接名詞或代詞做賓語(yǔ)必須放在look與up之間。Please look it up in the dictionary,if you don't know. 如果你不明白就請(qǐng)查字典。on earth 在地球上，在世界上，在人間，相當(dāng)于in the world.Dinosaurs lived on earth more than 60 milli

13、on years before human beings.在人類(lèi)之前，恐龍?jiān)诘厍蛏仙盍? 千多萬(wàn)年?！局R(shí)拓展】on earth 意為“究竟”。一般用于疑問(wèn)詞后表示強(qiáng)調(diào)Where on earth have you been just noW! U才你究竟去哪了 ？as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as表示雙方在某個(gè)方面一樣，前一個(gè) as是副詞，其后跟形容詞或副詞原級(jí)，后一個(gè)as 是連詞，常引導(dǎo)一個(gè)省略的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。 not as +形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as 表示雙方在某個(gè)方面不同。We think science is as important as math戟們認(rèn)為自然科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)一樣重要。used

14、 to 意為“過(guò)去常常，以前常?！保竺娼觿?dòng)詞原形，表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣，只表示過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比，暗指現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。I used to be afraid of the dar蛾過(guò)去常常怕黑。something important 意為重要的事情，something 為不定代詞，形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)放在不定代詞后面I want to do something different. 我想做些不同的事。remember 及物動(dòng)詞，意為“記得， 記住”， remember to do something 意為“記得去做某事”， remember doing sth 意為“記得做過(guò)某事”。

15、Please remember to post the letter for me請(qǐng)記得為我由口這封信。I remember telling you about her. 我記得告訴過(guò)你關(guān)于她的事。famous 出名的，著名的，sb +be famous for 指某人以某種知識(shí)，技能或特征出名。 sb + be famous as指某人以某種身份出名，其后的介詞賓語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)是同 位成分。Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity.愛(ài)因斯坦以他的相對(duì)論而聞名 Einstein was famous as a great scientist：因

16、斯坦以位偉大的科學(xué)家而著稱(chēng)。 sp+ be famous for 指某地以某種地產(chǎn)而出名。sp +be famous as 指以什么樣的產(chǎn)地或地方出名。This area is famous for its green tea.這個(gè)地區(qū)以綠茶而出名。This area is famous as a green tea producing place個(gè)地區(qū)是著名的綠茶產(chǎn)地。else 意為別的，其他的，通常修飾不定代詞something 等，疑問(wèn)代詞what 等，疑問(wèn)副詞when 等， else 用在這些詞之后。Who else did you see孫還看見(jiàn)別人了嗎？for example 與

17、such as這倆個(gè)短語(yǔ)都是“例如”的意思，for example 用來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明某一論點(diǎn)或情況，一般只列舉同類(lèi)人或事物中的“一個(gè)”為例，做插入語(yǔ)，可放在句首，句中或句末。For example, I'll help you with your study.例如，我會(huì)在學(xué)習(xí)上幫助你。such as 用來(lái)舉例，一般列舉同類(lèi)人或事物中的幾個(gè)為例，插在被例舉的事物與名詞之間，as后面不可有逗號(hào)。I know many of them, such as Mike, Tom ,and Bill.【知識(shí)鞏固】 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子1 .我們學(xué)校有三千多名學(xué)生。There are three thou

18、sand students in our school.2 .關(guān)于中國(guó)文學(xué)你了解多少？How much do you the Chinese literature.3 .例如，約翰就有相同的觀點(diǎn)。,John has the same opinion.4 .如果你不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)單詞，可以在字典中查找它。If you don't know this world ,you can in thedictionary.5 .地球上有上百萬(wàn)種生物。There are millions of living things .6 .我們學(xué)校有許多花，一些是紅的，另一些是黃的。There are many f

19、lowers in our school; are red; are yellow.7 .他和哥哥一樣高。He is his brother.8 .我希望有一天能參觀夏威夷。I hope to visit Hawaii .用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空9 .Please connect the printer the computer.10 .At the end this road, you can see a supermarket.11 . Because of the environment problems, many kinds of animals have died 12 .China

20、 is famous the Great Wall.13 .Yao Ming is famous a basketball player.win 贏，獲勝后面接match, game 等名詞做賓語(yǔ)He won a prize yesterday# 昨天得了一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)?！驹~匯辨析】beat 也可表示“打敗，戰(zhàn)勝”的意思，但此后只能 接表示人的詞做賓語(yǔ)，止匕外，beat還有“敲打”的意思，表示連續(xù)不斷的動(dòng)作。We weren't sure we could beat themft們沒(méi)有把握能打敗他們。His heart is still beating他的心臟還在跳動(dòng)?！緩?qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】What a

21、n exciting football match !Dalian Shide TeamShanghai Shenhua.A. wonB.lostC.failedD.beat find out 意為“查明，弄清楚情況”指找出比較難找的抽象事物?！局R(shí)拓展】find 強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過(guò)尋找后的結(jié)果，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)”I find a watch on the road. 我在路上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊表。find out 意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)，弄清，查明”強(qiáng)調(diào)“經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)查，研究或仔細(xì)搜尋而得出某一事情的真相或結(jié)論”We shall find out the truth early。門(mén)ater我們遲早會(huì)查明真相。look for 意為“

22、尋找”著重找的過(guò)程。I look for my cat,but I didn't find it. 我到處找我的貓，但是沒(méi)找到?！眷柟逃?xùn)練】他下決心查明那個(gè)男孩發(fā)生了什么事情。He decided to what had happened to the boy.讓我們?nèi)ふ掖鸢?。Let's go and the answers.expect 及物動(dòng)詞，意為“期望，指望，認(rèn)為'”強(qiáng)調(diào)等待的“心境”（即期待某事會(huì)發(fā)生，某人會(huì)來(lái)）。I 'll wait for her at the station.我會(huì)到車(chē)站去等他。wait for 強(qiáng)調(diào)等待的“活動(dòng)”（即不做別的事，

23、待在某處去等）He is expecting a letter. 他在等一封信。look forward to 強(qiáng)調(diào)期待者“懷有愉快的心情”，所以被期待的事物必然是愉快的事（如，假日，晚會(huì)等），而用expect 所期待發(fā)生的事，可以是好事，也可以是壞事。We are looking forward to our holidays.我們盼望彳貿(mào)日的來(lái)臨。【知識(shí)鞏固】1 .Don't sit the window. It's cold there.A. next door toB.nextC. nearD. far from2 .-Would you like to go out

24、for a walk with us?,but I must write a letter to my pen friend now.A. Of course notB. That's all rightC. I'd love toD. Yes ,I do3 .-Do you think our football team will win the match?Yes, we have better players.So I them to win.A. hopeB. askC. helpD. expectbe interested in 對(duì) .產(chǎn)生興趣，對(duì)感興趣。后面接動(dòng)名詞

25、，名詞，代詞。1.1 was the drawing and bought it for 300 yuan.A. good at B. bad at C. interested in D. terrified of2 .我們確信能幫這個(gè)男孩找到家人。We we can help the boy find his family.3 .我們應(yīng)該互相學(xué)習(xí)。We should each other.be動(dòng)詞+形容詞比較級(jí)+than表示倆者之間的比較，意為“更.，較” Our school is bigger than theirs我們學(xué)校比他們學(xué)校大。do with 意為“處理”，常與 what 連用

26、，表示詢(xún)問(wèn)。What are you going to do with your old books?爾打算怎么處理你的舊書(shū)。【知識(shí)拓展】deal with 意為“解決，應(yīng)付，處理”后面常接trouble， problem 等詞， deal with 多與 how 連用，表示詢(xún)問(wèn)。How did you deal with your book?你怎樣處理了 你的書(shū)？ 【知識(shí)鞏固練習(xí)】1. 我們將怎樣處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題？What shall we this problem?2. 他的頭發(fā)比薩姆短。He has hair Sam, a number of 意為“許多”后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)the number

27、 of 意為“ 的數(shù)目”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Our city has a number of hotels with high standard of services.我市有許多高品質(zhì)服務(wù)的賓館。The number of the teachers in our school is 200.我們學(xué)校有200 位老師。【知識(shí)鞏固】1 .地上有許多螞蟻。There are ants on the ground.2 .在超市里有各種各樣的事物。There are foods in the supermarket.since then 意為“從那時(shí)起”用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Since then he

28、 has lived in Beijing.make up 意為 “組成， 構(gòu)成” 強(qiáng)調(diào)由幾部分組成，多用于其被動(dòng)形式：be made upof.【鞏固練習(xí)】1 .五個(gè)男學(xué)生和兩個(gè)女學(xué)生組成了這個(gè)組。Five boy students and two girl students the group.2 .從那時(shí)起，發(fā)生了很多變化。Many changes have taken place .語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)： some ， any ，復(fù)合不定代詞?！镜淅觥? 、 It's polite to take flowers as a gift when you go to visit a frie

29、nd.A. littleB. anyC some答案： C2 .They need some more workers and money to build the bridge. （改否定句）They don't need more workers money to build the bridge.答案： any ,or3.I can't connect my computer to the Internet. There must be wrong with it.A.something B.everything C. anything D.nothing答案： A4.M

30、rs Brown is nice.Every day she tried to cook for me during my stay inCanada.A.something different B.anything differentC. nothing different【針對(duì)練習(xí)】1 .Please keep quiet,everybody I have important to tell you.A. nothing B. somethingC.everything2 .There must be wrong with the clock , it doesn't work.A

31、.nothing B.something C.everything D. Anything3 .CCTV-10 often playsaround the world.It can help us learn more about not only naturebut also different cultures and customs.A.new something B.something new C.anything new1.1 think can make Andy change his mind.He is such a person who never gives upeasil

32、y.A.somethingB.anythingC. nothing D.everything5 .Mr Wang is an excellent teacher.in our class loves her.A,someone B, no one C, everyone D.anyone6 .When the Greens moved into the house last week,was at sixes and sevens,so they did abig cleaning.A.somethingB.everything C. anythingD.nothing7 .They were

33、 all very tired,but of them took a rest.A.none B.all C, both D.either8.I asked John for ink,but he didn't have.A.any ,someB.any,any C.some,any D. some,some9.I don't have money. Could you please lend me?A.any ,some B. some,any C. any,any D. some,some【改否定句】There was some milk in the bottle.The

34、re milk in the bottle.【中考鏈接】1 .Lincoln came from nothing,yet he did that changed the world.A. something B.nothing C.everything D. anything2 .-How is Helen in the new school?-She id doing very well.There is to worry about.A.somethingB.anythingC. nothing D.everything3 .There is in today's homework

35、.A.difficult nothingB.difficult anythingC. nothing difficultD. anything difficult4 .Which basketball do you like best?Kobe,James or Jordan ？-of them. Lin shuhao is my favorite.A.all B.none C.eitherD.neither5 .Let's for a walk, shall we?A. to go B.goingC.goD.gone6 .Why is Harvey's mother so h

36、appy?Because only three students ,his son Harvey.A, failed the exam,besidesB. made progress ,exceptC. made progress, includingD.passed the exam, without7 .The new product consist of four main parts inside .（ 改為一般疑問(wèn)句）the new product of four main parts inside?8 .Jessica solved the physics problem with

37、out any help.( 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Jessica the physics problem without any help.9.I was bin 1997,I'm 15 now.10.Henry's sister is two years younger than he , but she is as(tall) as he.單項(xiàng)填空1.1 t's nearly nine o'clock and father will walk in at any moment.A is possibly toB. maybe toC .probablyD. perh

38、aps to2 .The band played many songs,some of my favorite.A. includingB .includedC .includeD. to include3 .Now the air in our hometown is it used to be.Something must to be done to stop it.A very good B. much better C.rather bad D.even worse4 .The plan is all right.,it can be made better.A .then B.how

39、ever C.and D.or5 .-Who helped you repair the MP4?,I repaired it all by myself.A. somebody B.nobody C.anybody D.everybody6 .Gina was born 1999,She is old enough to go to school.A .toB.onC,atD.in7 .The ice in the lake is as as it was before.A. ThinB.thinnerC. thinnestD.the thinnest8 .He be aboy.A woul

40、d, quietB.used to ,quite C.was, quiet D, used to ,quiet9 .What are you going to give your mother for her birthday?I'm not sure, but I'll buy her.A .something specialB. anything specialC.special somethingD.special anything10 .China is very the Great Wall and pandas.A .famous asB.famous forC.

41、ready to D.ready for閱讀理解Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452 in Italy. He is best known as an artist today. One of his famous paintings is called Mona Lisa . However, Leonardo had many other natural abilities. He was also a great inventor （發(fā)明家）.Many of his inventions have become important in

42、 modern day life.Although Leonardo hated war, he invented many different machines used for war. His most special invention was the machine gun （槍?zhuān)?which was produced and used in war many years later.By watching the way birds fly, Leonardo tried to find out the secret of flying. Among his sketches （素

43、描） we can see several objects. We consider them as modern flying machines.Leonardo spent many hours thinking about how to make good use of time. He developed ideas for labor-saving machines like cutting machines.Leonardo was a strange man. He didn t eat any meat, which was very unusual in those time

44、s. He never published （發(fā)表）his ideas and scientific discoveries. He usually used mirror writing, which looks like writing a mirror, starting from the right side of the page and moving to the left.We have very little of his work today. Leonardo finished only a few of his paintings. He left many unfini

45、shed because he thought they were not perfect. No one in his life time knew how great Leonardo was. We now believe, however, that he was one of the cleverest men the world has ever known.（）1. According to the passage, Leonardo is not only an artist but also A. an inventor B. an engineer C. a writer

46、D. a musician（）2.was Leonardo' s most special invention.A. The mirror writingB. The cutting machineC. The machine gun D. The flying machine（）3. Leonardo was strange, for example, .A. he didn ' t eat any vegetablesB. he usually used mirror writingC. he liked to publish his discoveriesD. he en

47、joyed drawing flying machines（）4. Leonardo invented some machines to.A. stop the warB. help paint picturesC. watch the birdsD. make good use of time（）5. From the passage, we can learn that Leonardo was veryA.humorousB.serious C.clever D.lonely根據(jù)句子意思或漢語(yǔ)意思填寫(xiě)單詞1 .Tom（出生于）in 1989 in America.2 .There is

48、a shy girl in our class（被稱(chēng)作）Lily.3 .There are apples and milk in the fridge. It looks empty.（8）Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the nine o' clock Mystery Hour. Todaywe' ll show you two British stories. We hope you' ll enjoy them.About 900 years ago two green children arrive

49、d in a small village in south England. Theireyes and skin were green and they spoke a strange language. They were very tired and weak, so the people of the village looked after them. The boy died a year later, but the girl grew strong and lived the rest of her life there. And her skin colour turned back to normal day by day. Scientists say that sometimes of people don' t have enough food to e