中考英語動(dòng)詞專題

1、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的種類包括實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。(一)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是能獨(dú)立作謂語的動(dòng)詞。按其句法作用可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。1 .及物動(dòng)詞：及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思完整。(1)動(dòng)詞+賓語 I like this book very much.我非常喜歡這本書。(2)動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ) 如：We call the bird Polly.我們叫那只鳥Polly。I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看見孩子們?cè)诠珗@玩。注意：書省略to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：make,let,have,see,w

2、atch,notice,hear。這一感(feel)、二聽(hear/listen to)、三讓(let/make/have卜 四看(look at/see/watch/notice)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中接do(省略to),但是在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中必須加上to!感.使動(dòng)詞真奇怪一JQ.米Jo 一去記心懷.；主動(dòng)一語態(tài)- to.離去被動(dòng)語態(tài)t.oJM米?(3)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語 +直接賓語 如：Please pass me the salt.請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我。常見帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, teach,tell, wri

3、te , read, return 等。2 .不及物動(dòng)詞：不及物動(dòng)詞自身意思完整，無需接賓語。如：Horses run fast.馬跑得快。(1)有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。(及物動(dòng)詞) We study hardife們努力學(xué)習(xí)(不及物動(dòng)詞)(2)不及物動(dòng)詞短語搭配要注意積累：動(dòng)詞 +介詞 如：Listen to the teacher carefully.仔細(xì)聽老師講。X此類動(dòng)詞后面的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都只能放在介詞后面，不能放在動(dòng)詞和介詞之間。動(dòng)詞 +副詞 如:He turned off the light when he

4、 left.當(dāng)他離開時(shí)，他把燈關(guān)了。He picked it up and gave it to me.他把它撿起來，并給了我。注意：代詞作賓語時(shí)必須放在動(dòng)詞后,副詞前，當(dāng)賓語是名詞時(shí)，放在副詞的前后均可。動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞 如:Let ' go on with our work.讓我們繼續(xù)我們的工作吧！He gets along well with his classmates.他與同學(xué)們相處得很好！注意：其后的賓語只能放在介詞的后面。動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞Please pay attention to the phrases in the article#注意文章中的短語。We can m

5、ake good use of air.我們可以充分利用空氣。pay attention to doing sth.be +形容詞+介詞如:We are good at swimming.我們擅長游泳。She is satisfied with what I did.她對(duì)我所做的感到滿意。3 .延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(1)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作是可以持續(xù)的，可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：live, study, work, keep, teach 等。如:We have lived in Suzhou since 2001.自 20XX 年以來，我們一直住在蘇州。You can keep thi

6、s book for two weeks.這本書你可以借兩周。I lived in London for many years.But I have never regretted my final decision to move back to China.(2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示瞬間動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作一經(jīng)發(fā)生立即結(jié)束，如：buy, borrow, die, begin, end, finish,diehave been dead go/leave have been away start/begin have been oarrive,join, go, come等，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間

7、的狀語連用。如果和表示一段 時(shí)間的狀語連用，就要用其他的詞代替。buyhave hadborrowhave keptcome/arrive have been input on have wornfall ill have been 川finish/endhave been overjoin have been in呆在某個(gè)組織）/ have been a memember ofThe old man has been dead for two years.那個(gè)老人去世已經(jīng)兩年了。（這里不能用has died）The film has been on for ten minutes. 電影已經(jīng)

8、開始十分鐘了。 （這里不能用 has begun根據(jù)句意完成句子：1 .Would you please?請(qǐng)把門打開好嗎？2 .Jack always. Jack總是把房間保持地干凈、整潔。（二）系動(dòng)詞:系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的狀 態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份.常見的系動(dòng)詞有：go, be, become變得）,get （變得），look （看上去）， seem （似乎，好像），turn （變彳#） , sound （聽起來），smell （聞起來），taste （嘗起來），feel（摸起來），keep （保持）等。這些詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式，也 不用于進(jìn)行

9、時(shí)態(tài)。如：He is strong. /He is a strong man.根據(jù)中文意思，完成句子：1.Mr Wang very angry （似乎）2.This kind of cloth very soft.（摸起來）3. Her face red.（變得）4.Now my dream becomes true.（實(shí)現(xiàn)了）（三）助動(dòng)詞：助動(dòng)詞本身無詞匯意義或意義不完全，不能單獨(dú)做謂語。它必須和別的動(dòng)詞連用， 幫助構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)否定和疑問等結(jié)構(gòu).常用的助動(dòng)詞有be, have, has, do, does, did, will和shall1 .助動(dòng)詞 be（am, is, are, was

10、, were）（1）助動(dòng)詞 be + 現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.（2）助動(dòng)詞be +過去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Many trees was planted in the park last Sunday上星期天在公園種了很多樹。2 .助動(dòng)詞have （has, had） （1）助動(dòng)詞have（has, had）知詞-ed形式，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)。（2）助動(dòng)詞have（has, had） + been +動(dòng)詞ing形式，構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)3 .助動(dòng)詞do用于構(gòu)成疑問句和否定式，用于倒裝句，加強(qiáng)說話的語氣及代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的

11、動(dòng) 詞等。-Do you live in China?你住在中國嗎？ 一 Yes, I do.是的，我住在中國。Only then did realize I was wrong到那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我錯(cuò)了。4 .助動(dòng)詞will和shall用于構(gòu)成將來時(shí)。（shall僅用于第一人稱，will可用于各種人稱）I shall be sixteen years old next birthday.到下個(gè)生日，我將 16 歲了。（四）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：有一定的詞義，本身并不表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而僅僅表達(dá)說話人的態(tài)度。它在句中 需和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語。（五）易混動(dòng)詞1. used to do s壞口 be used t

12、o doing sthbe used to doing sthWfe示習(xí)慣做某事be used to do/for doing sthused to do sth表示過去常常做某事（否定：didn't use to de）I ' m used to getting early.（習(xí)慣）/I used to get up at five in the morning.過去經(jīng)常2. arrive, get和reach表示“到達(dá)”時(shí)的區(qū)別arrive in + 大地方，arrive at + 小地方，get to +地點(diǎn)名詞，reach+tL點(diǎn)名詞3. borrow, lend 和

13、keepborrow “借”為短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示主語“借入”，常用短語borrow sth from sb.;lend “借”為短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示主語“借出”,常用短語lend sth to sb.;keep “保存；借”，為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表“長時(shí)間地借”How long can I keep this book?這本書我能借多久？4. dress, put on口 wear:dress sb.給某人穿衣®dress sb. u畫裝打扮；put on穿上，戴上（表示動(dòng)作） wear穿著，戴著，表示狀態(tài)。Mother dresses her baby every day母親每天給她的孩子穿衣

14、服。The lady dressed herself up and went to a part y（穿上盛裝）Lily is wearing a red skirt today.莉莉今天穿著一條紅裙子。5. bring, take, carry 和 fetchbring ”帶來，拿來”，表示“拿到靠近說話人的地方”；take “拿去，帶走”表示“拿到遠(yuǎn)離說話人的地方”；carry “扛，搬”用力移動(dòng)，沒有方向；fetch ”去取，去拿”，表示“往返拿物”。6. die, dead, death, dyingdie死，是不及物動(dòng)詞，終止性動(dòng)詞dying意為“垂死的，要死的”，形容詞dead意為

15、“死的”，形容詞，表示狀態(tài)death意為“死”His grandfather has been dead for ten yearsfc的祖父已經(jīng)死了 十年了。His death made us feel very sad. /The poor old man was dying那個(gè)可憐的老人快死了。7. spend, cost , take 和 pay:sb. spend 錢/時(shí)間 on sth.sb. spend 錢/時(shí)間（in） doing;cost物作主語，意義為“值多少錢，花費(fèi)”take 花時(shí)間：It + takes + 時(shí)間 + to do sth;sb. pay some mon

16、ey for sth.8. look for和find: look for強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找的過程find強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果，還可表“發(fā)現(xiàn)”9. hung和hanged: hung意為“懸掛"hanged意為“吊死、絞死”10. listen to和hear: listen to和hear者B有 聽”的意思。listen為不及物動(dòng)詞，與to組成固定搭 配，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的動(dòng)作；hear強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的結(jié)果。13 . lose, forget和 leave:lose意為 去失"，失去”；forget意為 忘記”，忘記去做某事為leave sth. +地點(diǎn)，意為 把某事落在某處”。14 .join, take

17、 part in和attend:三個(gè)詞都有 參加”的意思join一股指加入 黨派”或 組織”，如參軍、入黨等，join in加入某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，join sb加入某人；take part in指參加聚會(huì)或活動(dòng)；attend 一股指出席會(huì)議16 . think of, think about, think overthink of意為想到”；think about意為 考慮"，賓語it或them置后；think over意為 仔細(xì)考慮"，賓語it或them放在中間，一般指考慮問題;17 . lose, fail, beat和 winlose意為 輸給某人"，固定搭配為lo

18、se to sb.;fail是 失敗”或 朱做成某事”；beat意為 打敗"，后接sb或某支隊(duì)伍；win意為贏得”,如，贏得榮譽(yù)、地位、比賽等。18 . It is believed that 大家相信It is known that 眾所周知It is supposed that大家認(rèn)為It is suggested that據(jù)建議It must be remembered that務(wù)必 t 己住It is taken for granted that被認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然19 .記住下列動(dòng)詞，它們 只能接動(dòng)名詞 作賓語而不能接不定式admit承認(rèn)consider思考，考慮enjoy喜歡f

19、orgive 原諒keep堅(jiān)持resist阻止， 抵抗appreciate 感激 deny否認(rèn) excuse道歉 fancy想象 pardon原諒 suggest建議avoid避兔 delay推退escape逃過 imagine 想象 practise 練習(xí) understand 理解can't help禁不住 detest厭惡 finish元長 involve 包括喜歡(enjoy)不斷(keep)提建議(suggest)盼望(look forward to)習(xí)慣(be used to卻完畢(finish)；想要(feel like)花費(fèi)(spend法練習(xí)(practice),忍俊不

20、禁(can't help)還介意(mind),后接動(dòng)詞ing.it is a waste of time sbs doing sth. waste time doing sth 把時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在做某事上接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的短語：be surprised at 對(duì)be interested in 對(duì).興趣be responsible for 又t.負(fù)責(zé)任be fond of 喜歡be tired (sick) of 厭倦be proud of 以.而驕傲be afraid of 害怕be opposed to反對(duì)give up放棄succeed in 成功object to 反對(duì)preventf

21、rom/stopfrom 阻止 be good at 擅長 forgive/thank sb. for doingbe capable of .能力be usedto習(xí)慣于belong to 屬于 put off推遲 dream of 夢想 feel like 想要depend on 依靠 keep on繼續(xù) refer to指的是 look forward to 期待devote ones life (time) to be engaged in從事于獻(xiàn)身于be satisfied with 對(duì) 滿意it s no use/good doing故沒用20 .巧學(xué)妙記:只能跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞

22、：決心學(xué)會(huì)有希望(decide,determine,learn,wish,hope)同意計(jì)戈U莫彳貿(mào)裝(agree,plan,pretend),膽敢拒絕會(huì)失敗(dare,refuse,fail )準(zhǔn)備設(shè)法來幫忙(prepare,try,manage,help),提供請(qǐng)求負(fù)擔(dān)起(offer,beg,demand,afford), 答應(yīng)安NF理應(yīng)當(dāng)(promise,arrange,be supposed,) 以上后跟不定式，勸君牢記莫忘記。21 .分詞的句法功能：定語：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，其邏輯主語就是所修飾的詞；過去分詞作定語，其邏輯賓語是它所修飾的詞Do you know the boy play

23、ing football ?你認(rèn)識(shí)踢足球的那個(gè)男孩嗎？Please hand in your written exercise# 上交你 的筆試練習(xí)。狀語：分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughin尊生們談笑著走出了 教師。Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful從小山上看，我們的學(xué)校顯得更美麗了。22 .作直接賓語時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞和不定式在含義上有區(qū)別的：(1)forget doing sh 和 forget to do sthforget

24、 doing sth.忘記做過某事forget to do sth忘記要去做某事remember doing. .sth.i 己得做過某事remember, to一 do , sthi 己得要去做某事.regret, doing, sth后悔做過某事reget . to .do. sth遺憾要做 票事.stop doing sth停下正在做的是stop to do sth停下去做另外一件事try doing sth嘗試做某事try to do盡力做某事mean doing意味著做某事mean to do 打算做某事allow .doing 一允.詫一做某事一.all.owsb.to, -do.

25、 sth允詫某人彳故某事一want/need/require表小“需要”時(shí)，后面常用動(dòng)名詞或不定式表示被動(dòng)：want/need/ require doing = want/need/ require to be doneThis car needs repairing. = This car needs to be repaired.The road wants rebuilding. = The road wants to be rebuilt.實(shí)際操練場一一翻譯下列句子：1 .那個(gè)老太太總是忘記已經(jīng)吃過藥2 .那個(gè)老太太總是忘記要吃藥。3 .我記得以前吃過這道菜。我記著在這家餐館要吃這道菜

26、4 .Let's stop working and have a rest. 5 .Let's stop to buy something to eat here.6 .She regretted telling her mother the truth7.I regret to borrow money from him. 練習(xí)：1. When I handed the report to Peter, he said that David was the right person.A. to send it to B. to send C. to be sent D. for sending2. Why are you late? My bike broke down. I had it.A. repairedB.