名詞性從句.doc

1、English班級(jí)姓名學(xué)號(hào)名詞性從句一.定義：在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。二范圍：它包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。三. 引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：that, whether, if (不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分)連接代詞： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.連接畐【J詞： when, where, how, why四. 連接詞的區(qū)別。1. that和what的選用that和what都可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞從句。但是， what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng) 成分，可做從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)

2、、或表語(yǔ)。而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用。1) .What he wants is a book.2) . That he wants to go there is obvious.3) .The result is that we won the game.4) . I have no doubt that he will come.5) . I have no idea what he did that afternoon.6) .After mon ths of voyage ,Columbus arrived in what later proved to be

3、a new continent.7) . On stepping into his room, he was astonished to find the floor covered with what looked like tiny in sects.2. who和 whoever的選用who引導(dǎo)的從句指代的是事，翻譯成 誰(shuí)”是特指。whoever引導(dǎo)的從句指代的是人(anyone who),意思是 無(wú)論是誰(shuí)”是泛指。1) .The book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.2) .Who will be sent to work

4、 there hasn ' t been decided yet.3) .Whoever will be sent to work there will be given a large house.4) .Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.5) . Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales ,please?6) . Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own w

5、ay.7) .Who he is is not importa nt.3. whether與if在作 是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:a. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首時(shí)；b. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；c. 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；d. 從句后有“ or no時(shí);e. 后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。f. 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。.Whetherthere is life on the moon is an interesting question.2. Everyth ing depe nds on whether we have eno ugh mon ey.3. I asked her if/

6、whether she had a bike.4. I don' t kriifc/whether he is well or not.5. I don' t knwhether or not he is well.6. The questi on is whether he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly an swer the questi on whether the old man will recover soon.8. I don ' t knwhether to go.4. which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句及定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別

7、。which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，是關(guān)系代詞，要代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中也作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，但是是“哪一個(gè)”的意思。1) .There are so many in terest ing books in the bookstore,a nd I don't know which I can buy(=which to buy).(which引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)2) .Here are 5 pairs. Can you tell me which you would like to buy? (which 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)3) .We all like the

8、book,which was written by LuXun. (which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)4) .Spielberg won a prize for a short film which he made. (which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 )5. 引導(dǎo)詞that的省略單個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中的that可省略.that不可省略的情況：a. 主語(yǔ)從句b. 表語(yǔ)從句C.同位語(yǔ)從句d用it做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句e.并列的賓語(yǔ)從句中的后幾個(gè)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略1) .1 don ' t thinkthat) she is coming.2) .lt is a pity that he has made

9、such a mistake.3) .The reason is that he is careless .4) .The n ews that our team won the match in spired us.5) .1 don ' t think it necessthrat you should read English aloud.6) .He told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a livi ng alone.五無(wú)論哪個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，從句一律使用陳述語(yǔ)序。1) .The probl

10、em is how we should use moder n tech no logy.2) .Whe n man will be able to live on Mars is unknown to us all.3) .l can ' t imagine wherell these advanced technology will lead us.六.具體應(yīng)用：1. 主語(yǔ)從句作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說(shuō)什么，還不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writ

11、er.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。Where the En glish evening will be held has not yet bee n announ ced.英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒(méi)有宣布。有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。It is n ecessary (importa nt, n atural, stra nge, etc.) thatIt is a pity (a shame, no won der, etc.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desi

12、red, etc.) that 主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于單數(shù)第三人稱作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)。When the meet ing will begi n _has_ not bee n decided yet.When they will start and where they go _have_ not been decided yet.Whe n and where the meet ing will begi nhas not bee n decided.2. 賓語(yǔ)從句名詞

13、句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句，在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去， 但如從句是并列句時(shí)，第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Sha nghai tomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。We must never think （that） we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人

14、什么都不好。注意：在 dema nd、order、suggest decide、in sist, desire, dema nd, request, comma nd 等表示要求、 命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用“（should） +動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：I in sist that she （should） do her work alone.我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。The comma nder ordered that troops （should） set off at once.司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。2. 用 who， whom, which, whose, what, whe

15、n, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等關(guān) 聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告訴了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。She will give whoever n eeds help a warm support.凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。3. 注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用 不

16、同時(shí)態(tài)。He says he studies En glish every day.（從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）He says he studied En glish last term.（從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）I know （that） he will study En glish next year.（從句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)）he has studied En glish si nee 1998.（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)“could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在 時(shí)態(tài)。The

17、teacher told us that Tom had left us for America .A. WhatB. ThatC. WhoeverD. he has done soB. how is he gett ing alongD. what is he gett ing alongC. whicheverD. wheneverB. what wrong wasD. what trouble it isC. of thatD. that whatC. has not knownD. have not beeB. did the watch costD. the watch costsA

18、. afraid ofB. afraid aboutC. afraid thatD. afraid forB. Owing to a few minutes lateD. Being a few minutes lateA. forC. sinceD. that4. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。We don ' t think you are here.I don ' t believe he will do so.3. 表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句

19、叫表語(yǔ)從句。The fact is that we have lost the game.That is why he didn ' t come to the meeting.It looks as if it is going to rain.需要注意的，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是 reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是becauseThe reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning4. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語(yǔ)從

20、句的名詞有 advice、dema nd、doubt、fact、hope、idea、in formati on、message n ews、order、problem、 promise、question、 request、suggestion、truth、wish、word 等。例如：The n ews that we won the game is excit ing.I have no idea whe n he will come back home.The thought came to him that Mary had probably falle n ill.同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句

21、的區(qū)別：that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個(gè)例句：I had no idea that you were here . （that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略）Have you got the idea （that） this book gives you of life in ancient Greece ? （that 弓丨導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作 賓語(yǔ)，可以省略）四名詞性從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)100題1. His success was because ofhe had

22、bee n work ing hard.A. thatB. the fact whichC. the fact thatD. the fact2. "Is Mary from New York City”"I don't know.”A. from what city does she come fromB. from what city she comeC. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from3. makes mistakes must correct them.D. Whatever4.

23、 The reas on why I did n't go to Shan ghai wasa new job.A. because I got B. because of gett ingC. I gotD. that I got5. It worried her a bither hair was turning grey.A. whileB. thatC. ifD. for6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did7. Have you see n

24、Henry lately My boss wants to knowA. how he is getti ng alongC. what he is getti ng along8. It is gen erally con sidered un wise to give a childhe or she wants.A. howeverB. whatever9. He asked mewith me.A. what is the troubleC. what was the matter10. I am surehe said is true.A. thatB. about that11.

25、When and why he came hereyet.A. is not known B. are not known12. I won der how muchA. does the watch costC. the watch costed13. Mary issome one might recog nize her.14. is no reas on for dismiss ing her.A. Because she was a few minu tes lateC. The fact that she was a few minu tes late15. They came t

26、o the con clusi onby a computer.A. that not all things can be doneB. because of not all things be doneC. being not all thi ngs can be doneD. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosi on occurred wasthe laboratory atte ndant had bee n careless.B. because17. I don't doubthe'll come

27、.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether18. " Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang” “ Well, I forgetI was supposed to go to.”A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six timesit was before liberati on.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. of which20. Mary: Hele

28、n is a mere washer woma n, yet she's now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved.A. what little she earnsB. how little she earnsC. for little she earnsD. with little she earns21. surprised me most wassuch a little boy of seve n could play the violin so well.A. That what B.

29、What thatC. That which D. What whichD. what the populati on of the world is29. Would you go and seeoutsideA. what to take placeB. what Tom has happe nedC. what is happe ningD. what the matter had bee n30. The subject of "What is in teresti ng isA. whatB. in terest ing31. I thi nk he is Charles.

30、A. Who do you think he isC. Whom do you think he is32. He did n't know which roomthat I do not even know him." isC. What is in teresti ngD. IB. Do you th ink who he isD. Do you think who he is22. We gave himhelp we could.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. this23. She is pleased with what you have giv

31、e n him andyou have told him.A. thatB. whichC. all whatD. all thatA. they livedB. they lived inC. did they live33. The little boy atehis mother gave him.A. thatB. whichC. whatever34. The city is no Ion ger.A. what it isB. that it used to be C. which it wasD. did they live inD. no matter whatD. what

32、it used to be24. Excuse me would you please tell me A. when the sports meet is taken place C. whe n is the sports meet to begi n25. Do you happe n to knowA. what size shoes he wears C. what is the size of his shoes26. This book will show youA. how you have observedC. that you have observed27. Where

33、do you thi nkA. has he gone B. has he bee n28. Do you knowB. whe n is the sports meet going to be heldD. whe n the sports meet is to take placeB. how big shoes he wearsD. what nu mber shoes are hiscan be used in other con texts.B. how what you have observedD. how that you have observedC. he's go

34、neD. was heA. how many populations there are in the worldB. how much populati on there is in the world.how much populati on there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isA. whichB. thatC.whatD.all what36.we go swimmi ng every dayus a lot of good.A. If doB. That -doC.If doesD.That -o

35、es37.was the ideathe wife thought ofA. WhatthatB. That -whatC.How whyD. Why how38.did he tell his wifehe wished to doA. Thatwhat B. What -thatC.Where whichD.Whichwhere35. My pare nts usedthey had to get a new car for me.39. One of the men held the viewthe book said was right.A. what thatB. that what

36、C. that whichD. which that40. I have no ideaor not he has fini shed the work.A. ifB. that41. “ Do you know "His father is a doctor.A. what is his fatherC. what his father isC. whetherB. who is his fatherD. who his father isD. which42. Is thiswe met each other two years agoA. placeB. place in wh

37、ichC. whereD. place whichC. thought thatD. is thought thatthere are air, water and sun light there are livi ng things.C. thatD. that whereverthey could settle the problem without others' help.C. whatD. whetherB. what was I doing whe n she rang me upD. whe n did she ring me up what I was doingC.

38、whicheverD. thatB. what is beautifulD. what it is beautiful43. ItBob drives badly.A. thi nks thatB. is thought what44. We all know the truthA. whereB. wherever45. They discussedA. ifB. that46. She asked.A. what I was doing whe n she rang me upC. whe n she rang me up what I was doing47. May I borrow

39、the ringYou can takeyou like.A. no matter what B. which48. He said that he was fond ofA. what beautiful isC. beautiful is what49. He in sisted that hein good health andto work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sentC. be, was sentD. be, send50. Do you knowhe expects will give us a talkA. whoB. whomC. t

40、hatD. whose2012高考試題01. The limits of a pers on' s in tellige nee, gen erally speak ing, are fixed at birth, but he reachesthese limits will depe nds on his environment.A. whereB. whetherC. thatD. whyA. howB. whetherC. whatD. why07. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choosesui

41、ts you best.A whateverB. whicheverC. whe neverD. wherever08. New tech no logies have madepossible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it09. If you happ en to get lost in the wild, you' d bettey(suagre and wait for help.A. whyB. whereC. whoD. what10. Scien tists studyhuma n brains work to make computers.A. whe nB. h