詞義猜測題解題技巧精編版

1、最新資料推薦12高考閱讀理解詞義猜測題解題技巧猜詞悟義是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力， 也是高考閱讀理解中必考的題型。 它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地 理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯?？忌鷳?yīng)學(xué)會通過構(gòu)詞、 定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、同義、反義及上下文線索等確定詞義。 一、題型特點與命題方式此類題型有逐漸增加的趨勢，尤其是猜測詞組、句義題。 因為猜測詞組、句義題涉及題材背 景、句子結(jié)夠、文章主旨、作者的觀點態(tài)度等。聯(lián)系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答這類題的 關(guān)鍵。近幾年閱讀理解的生詞率略有上升， 加大了猜測力度。命題者著重考查考生利用同義 或反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法、語法和語篇文脈等理解生詞的能

2、力?！久}趨勢】1、要求根據(jù)閱讀材料所提供的信息，結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識和經(jīng)驗，正確判斷生詞詞組的 含義或成熟詞在特定語境中表達的具體含義以及一些句子的意思。2、要求猜測詞義的詞一般為實詞及其詞組，通過構(gòu)詞、定義、對比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文 等線索確定詞義的具體內(nèi)容。3、代詞復(fù)指理解題也是猜測詞義的?？碱愋?。用“邏輯關(guān)系梳理法”、“遞向?qū)ほ櫡ā崩砬迦宋锛笆挛镏g的邏輯關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵所在?！驹O(shè)問形式】The underlined wordin the second(third)paragraph refers to(means)By sayingin the first(second) paragrap

3、h, the author means that In paragraph The meaning ofcan be replaced by “ in paragraph is related toWhich of the following has the closest meaning to(paragraph )?The underlined sentence in the paragraph probably means that .二、解題思路與應(yīng)試技巧做這種類型的題，要根據(jù)詞、詞組、 句子所在的語境上下文來判斷其意義。 因此熟練掌握一 些猜詞技巧是做好這類題的關(guān)鍵。 命題者在出這類

4、題時慣用常規(guī)詞義來麻痹考生， 我們要特 別注意熟詞生義，切不可脫離語境主觀臆斷。下面結(jié)合近幾年高考試題，對猜詞悟義的技巧加以解讀。1、根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進行猜測有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需要猜測其意義的詞或短語， 下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋， 這就是判斷 該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。例如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子給予 annealing 以明確的定義，即 “退火”。It will be very hard but also very br

5、ittle that is, it will break easily. 從后面that is(也就是說)的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle是脆”的意思。The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定語從句中l(wèi)ooks after sheep就表明了 herdsman的詞義為 牧羊人”【考例】(2014 福建卷， E 篇) 73. The underlined words “tipping points "most probably refer toA. freezing points B. b

6、urning points C. melting points D. boiling points【解析】 C。請看原文： In his book, he had challe nged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting（融化）of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. 根據(jù)后一句的 such as t

7、he melting （融 化） of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.可知 tipping points 的意思是 融點”。（2013 山東卷， C 篇） 65.The underlined word “daunting ” in Paragraph 1 most probably meansA. discouraging B. interesting C. creative D. unbearable【解析】 A。請看文章第一段： When An drea Peters on Ian ded her first teachi n

8、g job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers.由后半句的解釋"with almost no mo ney for equipme nt or supplies可知此項任務(wù)不可能是&qu

9、ot;interesting或a"creative, 而她的教學(xué)工作也與“ unbearable無關(guān)，故A項正確。2、根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進行猜測閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時后面緊跟一個同位語， 對前面的詞進行解釋， 這時可利用同位關(guān)系對 前面或后面的詞義或句意進行猜測。例如：They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位語部分a large building in old times 給出了 castle的確切詞義，即古時候的城堡”。We are on the night sh

10、ift from midnight to 8 a.m. this week.兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地表明night shift是 夜班”的意思。The “ Chunnel ” , a tu隧道）connecting England and France, is now complete.此句中 a tunnel connecting England and France 是 Chunnel 的同位語。因此， The “Chunnel就 是英法之間的海底隧道。【考例】（2013 上海卷， C 篇） 82. The word “favouritism in paragraph 3 is use

11、d to describe the phenomenon that.A. bright children also need certificates go get satisfying jobs.B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobsC. poor children with certificates are favored in job marketsD. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success【解析】 B。請看原文： Witho

12、ut exam in ati ons, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them a form of favoritism will replace equality. 破折號后的句子是對前面進行解釋說明的，二者是同位關(guān)系，因此要猜測favoritism 的意思可從前面句子的意思入手。答案為 B。3、根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化等）進行猜測 在英語中，有很多詞可以在前面加前綴，在后面加后綴，從而構(gòu)成一個詞，乍看起來，這個 詞可能是新詞，但

13、掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識，就不難猜出它的詞義。例如：“Ourparties are aimed for children 2 to 10, cAnaclerio said, “andthey 'vrery interactive and creative in that they built a se nse of drama based on a subject.c文中in teractive是由前綴in ter-（相互的）和active （活動的，活躍的）而構(gòu)成的，同時根據(jù)上 下文的意思可以判斷，該詞的含義應(yīng)是互動的”。Perhaps, we can see some possibil

14、ities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?possibility是possible的同根名詞， 據(jù)此可以判斷定 possibility意思是可能性”?！究祭浚?014 全國卷 I，B 篇） 62. The underlined word “fixture incParagraph 3 probably refers to something .A. that people enjoy eatingB. that is always presentC. that is difficult to getD. that people use

15、as a gift【解析】 B 。請看文章原句： The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater. 從文章意思可知， 這種新型菠蘿很暢銷，當(dāng)然成為了健康飲食人士購物筐中的?？汀Ａ硗飧鶕?jù)構(gòu)詞知識可知， 該詞的詞根是 fix ，含有 “固定 ”之意。4、根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行猜測 在一篇閱讀文章中，根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。例如： The la

16、ck of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.從后面的結(jié)果 “永遠不能再運動 ”中，可以推測 permanent 的意思為 “永遠的，永久的 ”。 The low test score, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college. And without a degree from

17、a prestigious university, they fear that many of life 'dosors will remain forever closed. ” 學(xué)生認為考試分數(shù)低就不可能進入一所好大學(xué)， 而沒有 “名校 ”的畢業(yè)文憑， 將來生活中的很 多大門可能就會對他們永遠關(guān)閉。由此推知 A prestigious university 應(yīng)是 a famous university （名校）?！究祭浚?014 北京卷， C 篇 ） 66. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means

18、 thatA. the problem is not approached step by stepB. the researchers so far have faults in themselvesC. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detectD. research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns【解析】 D 。句意猜測題。由前面一句 “We have a very limited number of studies 可知，”由于 研究的對象非

19、常有限，所以對于房間設(shè)計影響人們的工作和情緒這一現(xiàn)象只是 “管中窺豹 ”， 局限性太強。 緊跟后面一句 “ How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? 做了”進一步說明，房間設(shè)計影響居住者工作和情緒這一理論正確與 否還有待進一步驗證。（2014 安徽卷， B 篇） 60. The words“ boats on land” underlined in Paragraph 2 refer toA. animals for taking goods B. cr

20、eatures for pulling plowsC. treasures of the folk culture D. tools in the farming economy【解析】A。請看原文：Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as “ boats on land ” for their ability to carry 由劃線詞后原因的解釋 for their ability to carry loads 可以很輕松的得到結(jié)果：牛被看做 “陸地之舟 ”，是一種運輸貨

21、物的動物。5、根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進行猜測文章中的代詞it, that, this, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。 有時代詞指代的對象相隔較遠， 要認真查找； 也有時需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進行 總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事。例如：Like Schmid, the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion （捍衛(wèi) ） found photographs. One of them, called simply Found, was born one snowy n

22、ight in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper（ 雨刷 ） an angry note intended for someone else:“Why's your car HERE at HER place?”them 指的是前面出現(xiàn)的 self-published art magazines。However, the question that “ moon people ” asked is still an interesting one. A growing numb

23、er of scientists are seriously thinking about it.it指的是月球人（moon people）所問的問題（the question）?！究祭浚?014 四川卷，E 篇）58. The underlined word"it ” in the second paragraph refers to"一A. the energy benefitB. the forest lossC. climate changeD. burning ethanol【解析】 A 。請看原文： Finally, over many years, the

24、energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help. 燃燒乙醇帶來的能源方面的好處可能會彌補失去森林的損失，但是到那時， 氣候的變化已經(jīng)太大， “這”也于事無補了。由此判斷， it 指前面提到的 the energy benefit。（2014 安徽卷，E 篇）73. What does the word“ this ” underlined in

25、 the third paragraph refer to?A. We will lose much more than we can gain.B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests.C. People have a strong desire for resources.D. Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.【解析】A。this 指代前文提到的 “ but we will suffer much more than we will ben efit ,意思是"砍

26、伐森林帶來短期利益，但是從長遠來看，我們遭受的損失遠大于獲得的利益”。因此選擇 A項。（2014 浙江卷， A 篇） 42. What does the underlined phrase“ her gift ” （Paragraph 2） refer to?A. Her words. B. Her smile. C. Her flowers. D. Her politeness.【解析】B。請看原文：She smiled. It was a nice smile warm and reassuring and I retuned her gift by smiling back. 從前句話中

27、可以知道 her gift 指的是 “ smile。”6、根據(jù)同義關(guān)系進行猜測 當(dāng)詞或短語之間有并列連詞 and 或 or 時，其連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的， 由此確定同等關(guān)系中的某個生詞所屬的義域，由此可推知其大致意思。Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize

28、his future. 作者為避免重復(fù)使用 endanger 一詞，用其同義詞 jeopardize 來替代它，由此推知其詞義為使陷入危險，危及、危害”。Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.句中 detrimental 是個生詞，但判斷出 harmful 替代 detrimental 后，不難推斷出其詞義為 “不 利的，有害的 ”?！究祭浚?2014 重慶卷， B 篇） 62. What does the unde

29、rlined word“ distractions” probably refer to?A. Ways that help one to focus.B. Words that help one to feel less tense.C. Activities that turn one' s attention away.D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.【解析】 C。請看原文： When things are gett ing hard, a voice in side my head tells me that I can

30、' tachieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. 由前面的 other 可 知 distractions 是與第一句意思基本相同，第一句話表達的是讓人注意力分散的事情，結(jié)合 上下文可知 答案為 C。（2014 天津卷， A 篇） 37. What does the underlined phrase “die hard ” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Change suddenly. B. Change significantly.

31、C. Disappear mysteriously. D. Disappear very slowly.【解析】 D。請看原文：Freque ntly it happe ns that a place has two n ames: One is n amed by thepeople and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning

32、is lost. 根據(jù)下文 “ the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost 可知前后是同義關(guān)系， ” die hard 意思是“頑固”，同 D 項意義接近。7、根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行猜測根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如 but, however, otherwise 等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從 而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。 另外，分號也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、 對比或不相干的 意義。例如：She is usually prompt for all her clas

33、s, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but 一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此 but 前后的意思正好相反。 后半句的意思是她今天 “第一節(jié)上了一半才 來”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時一向 “準(zhǔn)時”的結(jié)論?！究祭浚?014 陜西卷， C 篇） 50. The phrase “hold water”in the last paragraph most probablya”means“ ”.A. to be believable B. to be valuable C. to be admirable D. to be suitabl

34、e【解析】 A。請看文章原句：Even though scie nee can tell us that some of our traditi onal beliefsdon ' t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives文章中本句意思是：即使科學(xué)s能告訴我們一些傳統(tǒng)的想法是經(jīng)不起檢驗的， 但“老人言”中還有很多正確的東西。 根據(jù)前后 轉(zhuǎn)折的意思可知， hold water 在此處意思是：經(jīng)得起檢驗的，值得相信的。（2014 江蘇卷， A 篇） 56. The underlined word“ally ”

35、in Para. 3 most likely means somebody orsomething that is .A. your slave and serves you B. your supporter and helps youC. under your control and obeys you D. under your influence and follows you【解析】 B。請看原文： We can allow time to slip by and let it be our en emy. Or we can take control of it and make

36、it our ally. 前一句說“我們可以讓時間流逝或讓它成為我們的敵人 ”，下 面一句由 or 引出，表示相反的意思，即：我們可以控制時間，讓時間成為我們的朋友來支 持我們。8、通過上下文理解猜測詞義 通過上下文的具體信息猜測詞義是目前高考閱讀理解題中最常見的一種命題形式?！究祭浚?014 重慶卷， A 篇） 59. What does the underlined word “antics ” refer to?A. Smart words. B. Unusual actions.C. Surprising Looks. D. Anxious feelings.【解析】 B。由上文 s

37、he rushed in, seized the phone, tore off the wires, and shouted at the phone And she swept it into the wastebasket.以及 She stepped to the doorway and shouted at the rest of the house, “Nowhear this! All objects in this room if you do anything to upset my husband, out you go! 可知”，作者的妻子聽到作者的吼叫聲后，做了一些古怪

38、的事情，如將 電話機扔進垃圾箱、對著屋子里的東西喊話等。 而正是她的這些古怪的行為讓作者突然意識 到了自己的失控。由上文這些信息可推知“ an tics指的是Unu sual actio ns。鞏固練習(xí)：（1）ThisAn advertisement is just like a Somebody Else says quotation（ 引語 ） in a news story. The newspaper does not say that what the advertiser says is true. All the newspaper says is, what the adver

39、tiser says. ” To find out whether it is true or not will be left to the reader. All the statements in the ads are the advertiser ' s statements, not the paper ' s. Q: What does “ Somebody Else ” in the paragraph refer to?A. The editor of the paper.B. The reader of the paper.C. The author of

40、the passage. D. The advertiser of the ads.（2）Emma had never read it, nor had she ever purchased a copy. But, when she opened it up, she was floored to see her own name and address inside the cover, in her own handwriting. It turned out that the summer before, at a concert back in Montreal, Emma had

41、met a Californian who was in town visiting friends. They decided to exchange addresses, but neither of them had any paper. The man had opened up a book he was carrying in his backpack and asked Emma to write her name and address inside. When he returned to California, he left the book behind in Mont

42、real, and his friend Alex kept it. When Alex later relocated to Jerusalem, he took the now-treasured book along. Q: What does the underlined word“ floored ” in the paragraph mean?A. interested B. shocked C. frightened D. excited（3）Oxygen is vital to life; it is needed by the body cells of all animal

43、s. It is also very useful in industry. The method Priestley used produces only small quantities. The large amounts needed for industry are produced in a different way. Air is put into containers under great pressure. This turns it into liquid and makes it very cold. It is then gradually warmed up an

44、d each substance evaporates at a different temperature. The boiling point of oxygen is -183 C. It is caught and sto°red in strong steel cylinders at a pressure of 136 atmospheres. The process is known as fractional distillation. Q: Which word has the rough meaning of“ vital ”?A. important B. us

45、eful C. helpful D. interesting（4）These different kinds of learning disabilities are known by different names. For example, a person who has difficulty reading may have dyslexia. Someone who cannot do mathematics may have a disorder called dyscalculia（ 計算困難 ）.Q: The underlined word“ dyslexia ” in the

46、 paragraph probably means .A. difficulty in seeing B. problem in readingC. trouble in listening D. brain disorder（5）A child ' s birthday party doesn' t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to BethAnaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.Q: What does the

47、underlined wordhassle ” prnobthaeblypamraegarnapi h?A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guests（6）And if you ' ve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere氣氛）,you may fear

48、that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy.Q: The underlined word“ conflict ” in the paragraph. meansA. dependent life B. fierce fight C. bad manners D. painful feeling（7）“ She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesn' t really h

49、ave any explanation why she did this,Duff said. “She didn ' t intend to steal when she went into the store. She is at a loss to explain it. She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady .She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if there is anything i

50、n particular that caused her to do this.Q: What does the underlined sentence“She is at a loss to explain it” mean?A. In her opinion it was a loss to the clothes shops where she stole things.B. She doesn ' t have any idea why she has the desire to steal from shops.C. She thinks it is a loss for h

51、er to explain why she stole things from shops.D. Personally she feels ashamed and embarrassed for her shoplifting actions.（8）One of the best-known sayings must be “ Earlyto bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wisdom ”. The promises of health, wealth, and wisdom to those who join t

52、he teams of early retirees and rises must be particularly pleasing to many people in our modern society.Q: The underlined word“ retiree ” here refers to.A. people who give up their work B. people who have a lot of free timeC. people who go to bedD. people who live in a quiet place（9）The reasons for

53、a visit to lighthouse are not all so backward-looking（ 思想過時的 ） in time. It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience.Q: The underlined phrase-of-“theo-uwtay” prob

54、ably means .A. far-away B. dangerous C. ancient D. secret（10）Our own native language and culture are so much a part of us that we take them for granted. When we travel to another country, it ' as if we carry along with our passports. We view the new environment using our own culture as the stand

55、ard, and although not purposely, our ways of thinking and acting often get in the way of our understanding other languages and cultures. The ability and willingness to change lenses（ 視角） when we look at a different culture is both the cure and prevention for such cultural blindness. Studying a new l

56、anguage provides us the opportunities to practise changing lenses when we also learn the context or the culture to which it belongs. Q: The underlined word“it ” in the last sentence refers to .A. the context B. the culture C. the language D. the opportunity答案與解析：(1) D。根據(jù)下文中 All the newspaper says is

57、,“This istlWiadvertiser says.可推知，文章 中的Somebody Else指的是做廣告的人。(2) B。從上文可知，在一個從未到過的地方，在一本從未讀過的書的封面，看到自己親筆寫的姓名和地址，當(dāng)然感到震驚”此處“But是關(guān)鍵提示。(3) A。根據(jù)下句氧是所有動物細胞所必不可少的元素是勺內(nèi)容，判斷出氧非常 重要是(4) B。 由下句 “ Some one who cannot do mathematics may have a disorder called dyscalculia(計算困難)”不能做數(shù)學(xué)題的人可能患有一種被稱為計算困難的疾病可以推斷dyslexia的

58、意思為閱讀困難是(5) C。通過上下句 A child ' s birthday party doesn' t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun. 可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意義。所以不難判斷，答案為 C。(6) B。由破折號后的or可知，前后兩句的意思相近，她不想失去或破壞這個友好氛圍， 否則就又讓她回到以前的沖突”中。答案為B。(7) B。從上文中她進入商店時并沒打算偷竊，以及下文談到她去看醫(yī)生可以推知她不知道自己為什么會有偷竊的欲望可知答案為B。(8) Co 根據(jù)諺語 “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wisdom 以及 ”retirees和risers的對比關(guān)系不難猜出retiree是 睡覺的人是(9) A。由合成詞 out-of-the-way的字面意思和下句中的isolation