英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概括提要

1、Contemporary British Culture and SocietyLecture II System of GovernmentA monarchy/monarchism/republic/republicanismAbsolute monarchyconstitutional monarchycodefied constitutionRepresentative democracy/liberal democracyelections by a pluralitylegislatureParliament of the United KingdomGlorious Revolu

2、tion (Bloodless Revolution), or Revolution of 1688British constitution: Bill of RightsMagna CartaCivil libertiesParliamentary sovereigntyParliamentary democraciesbicameralThe House of Commons, the Sovereign, the House of LordsThe Prime Minister and Relation to the legislatureSeparation of powersChec

3、ks and balances Shadow CabinetQuestions:1. What is Constitutional monarchy? 2262. What is the role of the Sovereign? 217Lecture III Political Parties and groups1. partisan/bi-partisan/nonpartisan2. single-party /Two-party /multi-party systems3. Voting system4. A plurality voting system5. proportiona

4、l representation6. Whigs and tories7. Conservatism/ liberalism8. Cultural conservatism/ Religious conservatism9. Liberal conservatism/ Conservative liberalism10. Conservative political parties Conservative Party, UK11. New Right12. Thatcherism13. The Labour Party14. Means of Political participation1

5、5. Pressure groupsQuestions:Discuss the main ideologies of British Conservative Party.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of pressure groups.Lecture IV Justice and the law1. Rule of law2. Magna Carta3. Natural law4. positive law5. Natural justice or procedural fairness6. Common law7. case law8.

6、 Statute law 9. precedent 10. stare decisis11. judicial Independence 12. The system of jurisprudence 13. Structure of the courts14. Criminal law15. Civil law16. Jury System17. European Community Community Law 18. European Court of Human Rights/European Convention on Human RightsQuestions:1. What are

7、 the advantages and disadvantages of the jury system?1592. Discuss the basic principle of judicial independence in Britain. 155Lecture V Domestic Economy and Foreign TradeI. Domestic Economy1. Economic System2. Division Of Economic Systems3. The Mixed Economy4. Private Enterprise5. Infrastructure6.

8、Laissez-Faire7. Adam Smith And The Wealth Of Nations8. Max Weber And The Protestant Ethic And The Spirit Of Capitalism9. Common Forms of Business Organization 10. Limited Liability11. Nationalization & Privatization12. Public Ownership13. The Role Of The Government14. Taxation & Government E

9、xpenditure15. Gross Domestic Product16. Fiscal Policy17. Direct Taxation/Indirect Taxation18. Tax Revenues19. Deficit Spending20. Budget Surplus21. DeficitII. Foreign Trade1. Foreign Trade2. From imperial power to European partner3. overseas commerce with colonies4. The slave trade5. The Free Trade

10、Tradition6. protectionist trade policies7. subsidies, taxes and tariffs, non-tariff barriers, regulatory legislation and quotas8. Free trade and colonialism9. European Union (EU)10. European Economic Community (EEC)11. EuroQuestions:1. Discuss the benefits and costs of nationalization and privatizat

11、ion. 2062. British economy is regarded as “mixed economy”. What is mixed economy? What are the features of British economy?Lecture VI Welfare1. public sector/ Private sector2. Voluntary sector3. Civil society4. Welfare State, welfare society, welfare system5. Egalitarianism6. The social division of

12、welfare7. Redistribution 8. Social exclusion, poverty, inequality9. Social security10. social insurance11. National Health Service12. Absolute poverty / Relative poverty poverty criteria13. Social inequality14. Poverty and Development of Welfare State15. Social welfare and free-market capitalism16.

13、Welfare and equality17. Social inequality18. Policies for equality19. Debate on who should receive help and who should pay for it.20. Welfare State21. State Welfare22. Welfare-dependency23. Private Health Care:Questions:1. Briefly describe the history of State Welfare in Britain. 1832. What are the

14、problems of “welfare dependency? Discuss New Labour Party and the modernization of welfare. 195Chapter VII Religious Beliefs1. Ethical system2. Cultural Relativism3. Naturalism/Behaviorism4. Hedonism5. Secularization6. atheism7. theism8. Monotheism9. Polytheism10. Pantheism11. Deism12. Paganism13. C

15、hristian Church14. Religious experience15. Christian religion in England16. Church of England (Anglican)17. Protestantism18. Denominationsa) Anglicanism 圣公會(huì)b) Baptist 浸會(huì)教c) Calvinist 加爾文教d) Congregational 公理教會(huì)e) Episcopalian 主教制f) Lutheran 路德教g) Methodist 衛(wèi)理公會(huì)派h) Pentecostal 圣靈降臨節(jié)i) Presbyterian 長(zhǎng)老教

16、19. Roman catholic church20. Different between Catholic and Protestant ChurchesQuestions:1. What are the major differences between the Catholic and Protestant Churches?2. Describe the Church of EnglandChristianity with English characteristics. 1743. Abortion has been a controversial issue in Britain

17、, an issue that strikes deep into the heart of many peoples fundamental beliefs. What are the reasons for or against abortion. Chapter VIII Britain and the World1. British empire2. Colonial history3. Decolonization4. Commonwealth5. Relations with Europe6. The European Union7. Relations with USAQuest

18、ions: 1. What is Commonwealth? (276)2. How would you describe Britains relations with Europe? (277)Contemporary American Culture and SocietyLecture I system of government1. Continental Congress2. Constitutional Convention3. Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union4. The Congress of the Confeder

19、ation 5. Federalism6. The Federalist Papers7. The U.S. Constitution8. The Bill of Rights 9. constitutional republicanism10. The Great Compromise (1787)Lecture II:The Constitution and the Amendments1. Bill of rights （The first ten）2. The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution3. The Fifteenth A

20、mendment to the U.S. Constitution4. The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution5. Emancipation Proclamation6. Dred Scott v. Sandford, (1857)7. Jim Crow8. Slavery and the ConstitutionQuestions:1. What are the major contents of Federalism embodies in the U.S. Constitution?372. What specific qual

21、ities can you locate in the Constitution that are responsible for its lasting values in American society? 26-28Lecture V Domestic economy and Social Welfare1. Macroeconomic policy2. Microeconomics3. What are the indicators of macro-economy?4. Is there a need for macroeconomic policy?5. Monetary poli

22、cy6. Fiscal policy7. Main Objectives of Government Economic Policy8. Keynesian economics 9. Consumer confidence10. Trade deficit11. Economic effects of fiscal policy12. Federal Budget of the United States Government13. Entitlement expenditure14. Budget surplus15. budget deficit16. Entitlement expend

23、iture17. Federal debt18. Federal Reserve System19. Federal Reserve Banks20. Credit21. Trade credit22. Consumer credit23. DeregulationQuestion:1. Describe the development of the Welfare State in the United States 1412. What is the major challenge to Health Care in America and why? 144Lecture VIQuesti

24、ons:1. Discuss the pros and cons of affirmative action programs in Amerca. 862. Why is it problematic viewing Asian Americans as a Model Minority in the United States? 91Lecture VIIQuestions:1. Why are community colleges gaining in importance in America today? 712. What are the major problems confro

25、nting American Higher Education? 66Lecture XII Justice and the Law1. Rule of law2. Judicial independence3. The supreme court jurisdiction4. The Supreme Courts mandatory jurisdiction5. judicial review6. Marbury v. Madison7. The federal court system8. Judiciary Act of 17899. Judicial district10. jurisdiction 11. Federal district courts12.