week-2-2-Chaucer-and-English---Ballads知識學(xué)習(xí)課件

1、2021/3/1411.King Alfred the Great encouraged _ and literature.2. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle was a monument of _, encouraged and supervised by King Alfred the Great. Fill in the blanks.Old English proseeducation2021/3/1423.Wat Tyler and John Ball are the leaders of the Rising of_.4. The peasants Risin

2、g of 1381 had shaken the _system in England to the root.1381feudal2021/3/1435. The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the _.6. The theme of the romances is the _ to king and lord.romanceloyalty2021/3/1447. Malorys _ was a 15th-century masterpiece which influenced the later writ

3、ers.8. Malory used simple and idiomatic English prose to translate The Death of King Arthur from _ into_. Le Morte DArthurFrenchEnglish2021/3/145Choose the right answer.9. The great majority of the romances fall into groups as matters of_. A. Britain B. France C. Rome D. A,B and C ?D2021/3/14610. _w

4、as written in alliterative and rimed English verse. A. Layamons Brut B. Malorys The Death of King Arthur C. King Alfreds Chronicle D. Geoffrey of Monmouths History of Kings of Britain ? A2021/3/147 11. _ marked the establishment of feudalism in England. A. Roman Conquest B. English Conquest C. Danis

5、h Conquest D. Norman Conquest ?D2021/3/148 English Ballads2021/3/149Most of the written literature in feudal England was intended only for upper classes.The English people had a literature of their own, not written but oral - English folk songs.2021/3/1410Popular BalladsDefinition: A ballad is a nar

6、rative poem that tells a story, and is usually meant to be sung or recited in musical form.An important stream of the Medieval folk literature2021/3/1411 Features of English Ballads1. The ballads are in various English and Scottish dialects.2. They were created collectively and revised when handed d

7、own from mouth to mouth.3. They are mainly the literature of the peasants, and give an outlook of the English common people in feudal society.2021/3/14121. Composed in couplets or in quatrains known as the ballad stanza, rhyming abab or abcb, with the first and third lines carrying 4 accented syllab

8、les and the second and fourth carrying 3. 2. Simple, plain language or dialect of the common people with colloquial, vivid and, sometimes, idiomatic expressionsStylistic Features of the Ballads2021/3/14133. Telling a good story with a vivid presentation around the central plot. 4. Using a high propo

9、rtion of dialogue with a romantic or tragic dimension to achieve dramatic effect. Stylistic Features of the Ballads2021/3/1414Subjects of English Ballads1. struggle of young lovers2. conflict between love and wealth3. cruelty of jealousy4. criticism of the civil war5. matters of class struggle2021/3

10、/1415The Robin Hood Balladsvarious ballads of Robin Hood The Geste of Robin Hood (act, deed) description of the whole life of the herovaliant (brave) outlaw(逃犯逃犯)archery(射箭射箭), greenwood tree,take from the rich, give to the poor,wage war, hunted by the sheriffs, outwits(智勝智勝)2021/3/14161. Origin of

11、the Robin Hood Balladsthe perpetual (continuous)struggles of the peasants the landlordsagainst the local official the kings judgesrobbed only the rich, invincible archers (弓箭手弓箭手)tireless (不屈不撓的不屈不撓的)idol of the country folksaintlike hero2021/3/14172. Character of Robin Hoodstrong, brave, clever, te

12、nder-hearted, affectionate,humorous, hearty laughhatred for the nobleslove for the poordevout(虔誠虔誠), orthodox(正統(tǒng)正統(tǒng)) in religionreverence (respect) for the Kingfighting spirit, indomitable courage, revolutionary energy2021/3/1418 The BalladsThe most important department of English folk literature is

13、the _.What is a ballad?A ballad is a story told in _, usually in _ stanzas, with the _ and _lines _.balladsong4-linesecondfourthrhymed2021/3/1419Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里喬叟the representative writer of the Medieval English Literature2021/3/1420Geoffrey Chaucer (13431400) 2021/3/1421I. Chaucers Life Story

14、1343born into an affluent wine merchants family in London at the age of 19-took part in the Hundred Years War and was taken prisonerOn his return-married Philippa, a maid of honor to the queen and relative of the Duke of Lancaster2021/3/1422Sent to the Continent (Italy & France) on diplomatic missio

15、ns and was appointed high officials1400-died and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the Poets Corner2021/3/1423II. Geoffrey Chaucers Literary Career: The French period The Italian period The English/mature period2021/3/1424Chaucers three literary periods:1. The first or the French period

16、: 1) The Romance of the Rose 玫瑰傳奇 a translation from French, popular in Middle ages 2) The Book of the Duchess 悼公爵夫人 the best work of the time2021/3/14252. The second or the Italian period: Troilus and Criseyde: 特羅伊拉斯和克萊西德 a poem of a love story3. The third or the English period, his best period: Th

17、e Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集 his masterpiece and a representative works of the Middle Ages2021/3/1426 1. Messenger of Humanism Affirm mans right to pursue earthly happiness Praise mans energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life Expose and satirize the social vices, including religious abusesIII. Ch

18、aucers Artistic Features: 2021/3/1427 2. The first important realistic writer Create a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life Present a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society Explore the theme of the individuals relation to the society2021/3/1428 3. “Father” of Engl

19、ish poetry Introduce the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry (esp. heroic couplet) Develop his art of poetry Master of the English language2021/3/1429IV. The Canterbury Tales1. The Framework (1) Previous collections of Stories The Thousand and One Nights Confessio Amantis by Gower Meta

20、morphoses by Ovid Decameron by Boccaccio2021/3/1430 (2) Chaucers plan 30 pilgrims 4 stories each altogether 120 stories (3) Chaucers work consists of three parts The General Prologue 24 tales, two of which left unfinished Separate prologues to each tale with links, comments, and quarrels in between2

21、021/3/14312. Pilgrims Pilgrims fall into several groups according to Chaucers attitude toward them. Five ideals Chaucer treats seriously (Knight, Squire鄉(xiāng)紳, Clerk, Parson牧師, Plowman) Some he pokes fun at (Prioress女修道院院長, Monk, Wife of Bath)2021/3/1432 Some he is quiet about; short portraits with pers

22、onal view coming through (Prioresss entourage隨從) Some not very good; Chaucer is just a little negative (Shipman) Hardened sinners, all of them religious officials (Friar男修士, Pardoner賣免罪符者, Summoner召喚者)2021/3/1433Chaucer2021/3/14342021/3/14352021/3/14363. The General Prologue Occasion Time Sketches o

23、f the pilgrims Purpose Motivation Satire2021/3/14374. The TalesThe stories are well suited to the different characters of the pilgrims.Sometimes the pilgrims tell stories against each other; sometimes the stories form a group.2021/3/14385. The famous ones are the stories of :1) the wife of Bath（巴斯婦人

24、）2) the Knight（騎士）3) The Oxford Scholar2021/3/1439The Wife of BathHas married five husbands and expects one or two moreHusband is old and ugly and she young and beautifulAlways gets the upper handEvokes her husband to beat her and pretends to be dead2021/3/1440The Wife of Bath （巴斯婦人）She is the owner

25、 of a cloth factory, light-hearted, merry, somewhat vulgar, and exceedingly talkative.It shows Chaucers keen observation and his unsurpassed talent for characterization.It is a vivid sketch of a woman of the middle class, and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucers day.2021

26、/3/1441Chaucers language:1.His language is full of humor and satire.2. His language is vivid, exact and smooth, a master of word-pictures.3. He is the first great poet who wrote in the English language, making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.2021/3/1442 Comment on Ch

27、aucer:Chaucers The Canterbury Tales is a panorama of the 14th century England. His 30 pilgrims, coming from all walks of life, stand for all classes of his time.As a pioneer of humanism, Chaucer affirms men and womens pursuit of their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached b

28、y the church.2021/3/1443 Chaucer is the first important poet who writes in the English language. He is a great master of English. His language, known as Middle English now, is vivid and exact. He makes English the language of literature and London dialect the standard English.Chaucers contribution l

29、ies chiefly in his introduction of Heroic couplet, or lines of iambic pentameter in rhymed couplets, into English poetry.2021/3/1444What is “heroic couplet”?Heroic couplet: the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter; a verse form in epic poetry, with lines of ten syllables and five stresses, in rhyming pairs.英雄詩體英雄詩體/ /英雄雙韻體英雄雙韻體: :用于史詩或敘事詩用于史詩或敘事詩, ,每行每行十個音節(jié)十個音節(jié), ,五個音部，每兩行押韻。五個音部，每兩行押韻。2021/3/1445meter: A generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry. iambic pentameter: A p