初一英語名詞講解及練習

1、名詞一、名詞分類：名詞分為 普通名詞 和專有名詞普通名詞：表示同一類的人或物的名稱，又可分為個體名詞，如 boy, house, insect, tiger等；物質(zhì)名詞，如 air, snow, bread, rice 等； 抽象名詞，如 glory, honesty, failure, education 等。專有名詞：表示個人、國家、地方、機構(gòu)、組織等的專有名稱，如 Cheng Du, China, Obama,China Central Television 等。名詞的兩大考點：數(shù)與格二、名詞的數(shù)1 .普通名詞：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞（1）可數(shù)名詞：包括個體名詞和集體名詞個體名詞：表示個體

2、的人或事物名稱的詞。如： teacher, student, boy, book, bag每個可數(shù)名詞都有其單數(shù)和復數(shù)形式。A.單數(shù)表示-個”的概念。用名詞的單數(shù)時，名詞前需加a或an。如 a book （一本書）、an apple （一個蘋果）、an orange （一個橘子）等。B.復數(shù)表示兩個或兩個以上的物體。如two pencils （兩枝鉛筆）、three weeks （三周）等。 集合名詞： 表示一群人或一些事物名稱的詞。如：people, family, class, furniture復數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成有兩種：規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成和不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成。規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成

3、同形復數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法例詞大多數(shù)名詞在詞尾加-s。（在清輔首后讀 s,在濁輔首及元音后讀z。）cat catsbook-booksdog-dogsbag bagsboy- boys以 s、x、ch、sh 結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-es,讀作iz。glass glassesmatch matches以輔音字母 +y結(jié)尾的名詞把y變成i,加-es,讀作izcitycities但專啟名詞例外，直接在 y后加-s,讀作zCanadianCanadiansAmericanAmericans以輔音字母 +o結(jié)尾的名詞一般直接加-es讀作z;tomatotomatoespotatopotatoes某些詞例外，加-

4、skilo-kilos, piano pianos, photo photos以兀音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-s,但讀作zzoo zoosradioradios以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞有的直接加 -s,讀作zroof roofs大多數(shù)要將f或fe變?yōu)関,再加-es,讀作zleafleaveswifewivesknife knivesyourself-yourselves不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成復數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成特點例詞通過改變詞內(nèi)元音字母man men footfeettoothteeth mouse mice （老鼠）通過在詞尾加-en或-renoxoxen （牛） childchildren單復數(shù)

5、形式相同a sheeptwo sheepa deer two deer （鹿）a Chinese two Chinese （中國人）注意事項：只能用于復數(shù)形式的名詞有：clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks單數(shù)名詞用于復數(shù)含義 ：people, public, police特殊名詞的講解：(1)people作“人們，人民”解時，只有復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞作復數(shù)。作“民族”解時，單復數(shù)不同，復數(shù)要在詞尾加SoThere are five people in my family. 我家有五 口人。There are fifty-six peoples in our

6、 country.我們國家有56個民族。clothes等屬于無單數(shù)形式的復數(shù)名詞，謂語作復數(shù)。例： My favorite clothes are pants.pants , shoes , glasses ,short§ scissors等名詞，由兩部分構(gòu)成，常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)。要表示單數(shù)常用a pair of表示，此時如作主語，謂語要作單數(shù)看待。例： Your pants are blue. This pair of pants 電mine.集體名詞看作整體時，謂語用單數(shù)；指成員時，謂語用復數(shù)。His family is a large family. 指整體Hi

7、s family like animals. 指成員有的名詞單復數(shù)意思不同：例：hair和fruit通常作單數(shù)，表示總體。My hair is black.我的頭發(fā)是黑色的。I like fruit .It' s goodfo的ou果，水果對你的身體有好處。但如果表示若干根頭發(fā)或各種水果，則需用復數(shù)形式Homer Simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根頭發(fā)。She likes pears, peaches and other fruits.他喜歡梨，桃和其它水果。(2)不可數(shù)名詞：包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個體的名詞。如： coffee, hai

8、r, juice, water, ricehealth, happiness, help抽象名詞：表示狀態(tài)，品質(zhì)，動作，感情等抽象概念的名詞。如:注意事項：1 .不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)變化，不能與a/an或表示具體數(shù)量的詞直接連用。這些名詞前往往加some, any, no, a little 等詞。如 ;some water/ apple juice/ milk2 .當需要表達名詞的單位的量時候就要用：數(shù)，+量詞+Of+名詞 來表述。用量詞修飾時，首先要注意量詞的單復數(shù);然后要注意名詞是否可數(shù)，不可數(shù)時用單數(shù)，可數(shù)時用復數(shù)，如：one bag of rice.one kilo of apples

9、.ten bags of rice .ten kilos of apples.對量詞的提問句型對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many;對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問要用how much,但對不可數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語提問時要用how many。如：I would like twoapples. f How many apples would you like?I want some bread. f How much bread do you want?I want three glasses of water.How many glasses of water do you want ?詢問

10、價格用 How much , 如：How much is the coat? How much are the coats?. 名詞的所有格2. 無生命的名詞所有格的構(gòu)成： 1. 有生命的名詞有生命的名詞（ 1 ）一般單數(shù)名詞后加's.如： my brother's book ， Jack's cat， the girl's pen（ 2 ）以 -s 結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞的所有格，只需在名詞右上方加 。如： the girls dormitory ， a teachers' college注意：在不規(guī)則復數(shù)名詞后，要加's.如：women's

11、clothes.（ 3 ）如果一樣東西為兩個人共有，在后一個名詞詞尾加's，如： Tom and Peter's room 湯姆和彼得的房間（共有）（ 4 ） 如果一樣東西不是共有的，兩個名詞都要加 's.如： Tom's and Peter's rooms 湯姆的房間和彼得的房間（不共有）無生命名詞：無生命的名詞的所有格，通常用“of+!詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。如：the windows of the room （房間的窗戶） a picture of the horse （一張馬的照片）名詞習題寫出下列名詞的復數(shù)形式：1. house 2. it 3. z

12、oo 4. orange _5. bag _6. exercise7. brush 8. family _9. bus 10. city 13. class 16. dictionary 19. match 22. German 25. kilo 28. Chinese 31. leaf 34. tooth 37. knife 40. child 11. box 14. factory 17. watch 20. man 23. tomato 26. human 29. shelf 32. American 35. wife 38. sheep 41.tooth 12. baby 15. gl

13、ass 18. woman 21. this24. policeman 27. potato 30. Japanese 33. life 36. foot 39. half 42.mouth選擇填空:1. I want to buy A. two bottles of inkB. two bottle of inkC. two bottle of inksD. twobottles of inks2. They don t have to do today.C. many homeworkD.A. much homeworkB. many homeworksmuch homeworks3. T

14、here are three and seven in the picture.A. cows, sheepsB. cows, sheepcow, sheeps4. June 1 is .A. children s dayB. children s DayChildren s day5. room is next to their parents .A. Kate s and Joan s B. Kate s and JoanC. cow, sheepC. Children s DayC. Kate and Joan sD.D.D.Kate and Joan6. Miss Green is a

15、 friend of .A. Mary s mother s B. Mary s mother mother s of Mary7. Sheep white and milk also white.A. is, areB. are, isC. Mary mother s D.C. is, isD.are, are8. I d like to have a glass of milk and A. two breadsC. two pieces of breadB. two pieces of breadsD. two piece of bread9. Many are singing over

16、 there.A. womanB. womenC. girlD.child10. He boughtB. two pair of shoesA. two pairs of shoesD. two pair of shoeC. two pairs of shoe11. Mr. White has threeA. childB. childrenC.childsD. childrens12. -Are these? - No, they aren t. TheyreA.sheep, cowsB. sheep, cowC. sheeps, cowD.sheeps, cows13. There are

17、 manyin the fridge.A. fishB. fruitC. eggsD. bread14. - Whose room is this? - It sA. Li MingB. Li Ming C.Li MingsD. Li Mings15. Here arefor you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoesC. three tomatosD.for her.A. wishB. hopeC. wishessome tomato16. Here are some birthday cards with our bestD. hopes17. I always

18、 go to thatto buy food on Sunday.A. shopB. parkC. zoo18.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and LilyC. Lucy s and LilyD. Lucy sD. gardenroom is on the 5th floor.and Lily s19. Mum, I m quite thirsty. Please give meA. two orangeB. two bottle oforangesD. two bottles ofC. two bottles of orange oranges20. 10. The ca

19、t caught two last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D.mices21. I met some in the park and talked with them the other day.A. JanpanesesB. AmericanC. ChinesesD. English22. There are two in the room.A. shelfB. shelfsC. shelfesD.shelves23. There are seven in a week.A. yearsB.monthsC. daysD.minutes24. My

20、 father is a . He works in a hospital.A. teacherB. doctorC. farmerD.writer25. - Excuse me, are you A. Japan, JapaneseB_? - Yes, I m from . China, ChineseC. England, EnglishD. American,America26. They are jackets.27. What color is coat.28. These are books.29. They are ice creams30. This is bag.A. Luc

21、y sB. Lucy A. Peter sB. Peter A. teachers sB. teachers A. children B. children sA. Tom and Peter B.Tom s and Peters31. Where are .A. the school s studentsB. students ofthe school32 . Those are bags.33 .This bag is .A. drivers sB. drivers A. Mary s and Tom s B. Mary and Tom ss34. fathers are coming.A

22、. Mary sand Kate sB. Mary sandKate C.Mary and Kates35. How are these books? A. many B. much36. This pair of pants blue. I like very much. A. is, it B. are, them C. is, themD. are, it37. How glasses of water do you want? A. many B. much38. This is .A. Mike and Jim's bike B. Mike's and Jim bik

23、e C. Mike's and Jim's bike D. Mike and Jim bike39. These are .A. Amy and Lingling s roomB. Amy s and Lingling s roomC. Amy s and Lingling s roDo.mAsmy and Lingling s room40. My big and my happy. A. family is family are B. familyis families are三根據(jù)句意用所給詞的適當形式填空1. I have a lot of to do. (homewo

24、rk)2. There are seven in a week. (day)3. How many can you see? (tomato)4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. There are five in the picture. (child )6. There are twoover there ( bench)7. I like taking ( photo )8. l can see twostanding there ( woman)9. There are two baskets ofon the floor ( app

25、le)10. There are three ( knife )11. How many(sheep) are there on the hill?12. There is some(food) in the basket.13. The baby has only two(tooth) now.14. There is a lot of(water) in the bottle.15. There are five(people ) in his family.16. Let's take(photo), OK?17. The(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.18. The(child) are pla