【最高考】2017屆高考語法填空非謂語動詞常考點

1、專題四非謂語動詞?？键c非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞。非謂語動詞一直是高考中的熱點。解答非謂語動詞的題目時，一定要解析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定所設(shè)空是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞，以及非謂語動詞在句子中充當?shù)墓δ?如狀語、定語或賓補)；找準相關(guān)動詞的邏輯主語，確定該動詞與邏輯主語是什么關(guān)系(主動還是被動)；搜索句子中相關(guān)的時間信息，確定非謂語動詞的恰當形式。非謂語功能形式動名詞具有名詞功能，常在句中作主語，賓語主動式doing被動式being done完成式having done/having been done現(xiàn)在分詞表主動和正在進行， 常在句中作定語， 狀語，賓補一般式doing完成式having

2、 done 過去分詞表被動和已完成，常在句中作定語，狀語，補語一般式done進行式being done完成式having been done動詞不定式表將來具體某一次，常在句中作主語，定語，狀語，補語，賓語等一般式to do/to be done進行式to be doing完成式to have done/to have been done動名詞和不定式作主語如果表語是不定式，主語也是不定式；表語是動名詞，主語也是動名詞。如：To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.動名詞作主語的句型。如：It is no use/no good/useless doin

3、g sth.It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)動詞不定式和動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種：It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/.for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/.of sb. to do。動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是由名詞所有格或“物主代詞動名詞”構(gòu)成。在口語和非正式語體中，只要不是作主語，動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語常采用名詞通格或人稱代詞賓格。如：His coming made me

4、happy.I can't imagine his/him living there alone.動名詞被動式作主語(過去分詞不可作主語)。如：Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.完成下列句子：It's foolish _(你相信他說的話)It's impossible _(他做這樣的事)Do you mind _(我抽煙)?It's no use _(你和他爭辯)_(go) abroad is an honour to me._(take) abroad is

5、 an honour to me._(devote) to his work made him succeed.動名詞和不定式作賓語 下面的動詞要求用不定式作賓語：attempt(企圖)，afford(負擔得起)，demand(要求)，long(渴望)，desire(渴望)，expect，hope，wish，want，swear(發(fā)誓)，volunteer(自愿)，offer(提供)，fail(未能)，plan，care(關(guān)心，喜歡)，happen(碰巧)，prepare(準備)，learn(學(xué)習(xí))，choose(選擇)，hesitate(猶豫)，claim(要求)，promise，under

6、take(承接)，appear(似乎)，seek(尋覓)，refuse(拒絕)，decide(決定)，determine(決定)，manage(設(shè)法)，pretend(假裝)，agree(同意)，bother(煩惱)，intend(想要)，wait(等待)下面的動詞只能用動名詞作賓語：acknowledge(承認)，admit(承認)，deny(否認)，mention(說到，講到)，tolerate/stand/bear(忍受)，dislike(不喜歡)，advocate(提倡，主張)，appreciate(感激，欣賞)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(享受)，envy(嫉妒)，delay(延

7、遲)，postpone(延遲，延期)，escape(逃跑，逃避)，excuse/pardon/forgive(原諒)，fancy(幻想，愛好)，imagine(想象)，favour(造成，偏愛)，mind(介意)，miss(錯過)，finish(完成)，resist(抵抗)，risk(冒險)，involve(包含)，practise(實踐)，suggest/advise/recommend(建議)，prevent(阻止)，keep(保持)，quit/abandon(放棄，停止)，understand(理解)，include(包括)后接動名詞作賓語的動詞短語和句型有：have(no/much/s

8、ome/.) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in)，take pleasure in，spend time/money (in)，waste time(in)，be worth，be busy，feel like，be committed toto作為介詞的短語有：look forward to，pay attention to，object tobe opposed to，be devoted to，stick to，come close to(差一點)，get down to(開始認真做)，get/be accustomed/used to(doing),

9、lead tocontribute to(sb. doing/being done)allow，permit，forbid，advise，recommend的用法：allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommenddoingallow/permit/forbid/advise/recommendsb.to do如：I don't allow smoking in my room.I don't allow him to smoke in my room.用所給詞的適當形式填空：We agreed _(meet) here but so far she ha

10、sn't turned up yet.The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief _(catch)Janey pretended _(write) when her mother came in.I can hardly imagine Peter _(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.The doctor advised him _(stop) smoking.注意區(qū)別下列動詞后接不定式和動名詞 forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事(此事未做)forget d

11、oing sth.忘記做過某事(此事已做過或已發(fā)生)remember to do sth.記得去做某事(未做)remember doing sth.記得做過某事(已做)stop to do停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事stop doing停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事go on to do繼續(xù)(去做另外一件事情)go on doing繼續(xù)(原先沒有做完的事情)regret to do sth.對要做的事感到遺憾(遺憾地要去做某事)regret doing sth.對過去做過的事或未做過的事感到后悔(后悔做過或未做過某事)try to do努力、企圖做try doing試驗、試一試某種辦法mean t

12、o do(人)打算，有意要mean doing(物)意味著can't help (to) do sth.不能幫助做某事can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事用所給詞的適當形式填空：Don't you remember _(see) the man before?I regret _(inform) you that the meeting has been cancelled.Let's try _(do) the work some other way.I didn't mean _(hurt) your feeling.I'

13、m so busy that I can't help _(clean) the house with you.After we finished our homework，we went on _(review) the new lesson.不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區(qū)別 不定式作表語，一般表示具體動作，特別是表示將來的動作。動名詞作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為。如果主語是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語是對主語起補充說明作用

14、。過去分詞作表語，表示“感到，覺得”，現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示“令人”。此類詞有：embarrass，excite，interest，delight，disappoint，encourage，inspire，please，puzzle，satisfy，surprise，worry，convince等。用所給詞的適當形式填空：His wish is _(go) abroad.His hobby is_(collect) stamps.The most important thing is _(negotiate) with them about the future of the plant.Wha

15、t he should do is _(work) hard.He felt _(embarrass)分詞、不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別 下面的動詞要求用不定式作賓補(動詞賓語動詞不定式)：ask(請，叫)，tell(告訴)，get(使，讓)，prefer(喜歡，寧愿)，like(喜歡)，force(強迫)，press(迫使)，require(要求)，request(請求)，advise(勸告)，pray(請求)，remind(提醒)，beg(請求)，invite(吸引，邀請)，command(命令)，order(命令)，intend(想要，企圖)，drive(驅(qū)趕)，train(訓(xùn)練)，caus

16、e(引起)，instruct(指示)，direct(指導(dǎo))，warn(告誡)，enable(使能夠)，need(需要)，urge(激勵，力說)，inspire(鼓舞)，encourage(鼓勵)，want(想要)，lead(引起，使得)，teach(教)，wish(希望)。感官動詞，如：see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel等。感官動詞后可接不帶to的不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作賓語補足語。使役動詞have，make的用法(注意have作為“有”的用法)：使役動詞have可接不帶to的不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作賓語補足語；ma

17、ke后接不帶to的不定式、過去分詞、名詞、形容詞作賓語補足語。用所給詞的適當形式填空：I often hear him _(sing) the song.I often hear the song_(sing)I heard him _(sing) the song when I passed by.I heard the song _(sing) when I passed by.I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything _(take) to your son?I won't have you _(talk)

18、 to him like that!I had him _(repair) my bike.I had my bike _(repair)You shouldn't have the light _(burn) all the night.His letter left me _(feel) pretty bad.He left the work_(unfinish)You can leave him _(finish) the work.What she said set me _(think)The push sent him _(fall) down.分詞和動詞不定式作狀語的區(qū)別

19、 分詞作狀語，除表示伴隨之外還表示時間、讓步或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時，除了表示目的，還表示結(jié)果、情感或心理狀態(tài)原因。尤其注意表示特性的形容詞(comfortable，difficult，easy等)后接的不定式要用主動形式表示被動意義。用所給詞的適當形式填空：_(turn) to the right，you will find the hospital._(give) more time，I will finish the work._(wait) for a bus，I met a friend of mine.He was excited _(hear) the news.He did

20、all he could _(help) people in need.The place he referred to is hard _(find)不定式和分詞作定語的區(qū)別 不定式作定語，表示將來；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示正在發(fā)生或主動；過去分詞作定語，表示過去或被動。此外，在warning，ability，failure，determination，wish，decision等詞后面用不定式作定語；不定式作定語還可用來修飾序數(shù)詞、最高級或no，all，any等限定語。用所給詞的適當形式填空：The meeting_(hold) tomorrow is important.The meetin

21、g_(hold) now is important.The meeting _(hold) yesterday was important.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作定語、賓語補足語、狀語時，與它所補充說明的名詞之間是主動關(guān)系；而過去分詞作定語、賓語補足語、狀語時，與它所補充說明的名詞之間是被動關(guān)系。用所給詞的適當形式填空：_(see) from the top of the hill，the people on the street look like ants._(see) the scene，the people on the street let out a cry of jo

22、y.The room_(face) south is our classroom.The room _(paint) white is mine.When I returned，I found the door _(lock)When I returned，I found him _(watch) TV.“疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu) 疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語和賓語補足語。用所給詞的適當形式填空：When_(start) has not been decided.only to do，never

23、to do，only doing only to do意為“結(jié)果卻”；never to do意為“結(jié)果卻再沒有”；only doing意為“只是做”。用所給詞的適當形式填空：He was busy writing a story，only_(stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette.He hurried there，only _(tell) the train had left.He left home，never_(hear) from.一致性 不定式和分詞的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語保持一致，否則只能用從句或獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。完成下列句子：_ the

24、film(看電影的時候)，he cried._ the film(看電影的時候)，tears came down his face.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) with后面的賓補可以是形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞(表主動)、過去分詞(表被動)、不定式(表將來)。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作原因或伴隨狀語，還可以作定語。用所給詞的適當形式填空：With a lot of homework _(finish)，I can't go with you.With a lot of homework _(finish)，I went home and had a rest.With a boy _(hel

25、p) us，we found the place easily.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：名詞(代詞)現(xiàn)在分詞(與前面構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系)；名詞(代詞)過去分詞(與前面構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系)；名詞(代詞)不定式(表將來)；名詞(代詞)副詞；名詞(代詞)形容詞；名詞(代詞)介詞短語；名詞(代詞)名詞。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.The test finished, we began our holiday.There being no bus, we had to walk home.He came into the r

26、oom, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night.完成下列句子：Many people were missing，most of _ women.Many people were missing，most of _were women.Time _(permit)(If time permits)，we will go there.Ti

27、me _(give)(If time is given)，I will finish it alone.評注性分詞 評注性分詞有：judging from/by(按照判斷)，considering(就而言)，generally speaking(總的來說)，talking/speaking of(說起)。但是注意區(qū)別judge和consider作為及物動詞時的用法。用所給詞的適當形式填空：_(judge) from his accent，he is from Hunan._(judge) to be the best，he was honoured._(consider) his age，he

28、 has done well._(consider) as one of the biggest cities in the world，Shanghai is very popular now.被動形式表主動意義的幾個動詞 be seatedsit，be locatedlie，be dressed inwear，be leftremain，be devoted todevote oneself to。用所給詞的適當形式填空：Do you know the girl_(seat) under the tree?There are many problems_(remain) to be sol

29、ved.There are many problems _(leave) unsolved._(devote) to science，he will be remembered forever._(devote) all his life to science，he will be remembered forever.非謂語動詞的完成式和否定式 當非謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前，要用完成式。非謂語動詞的否定式放在不定式、動名詞或分詞前。用括號里所給詞的適當形式填空：_(see) his mother，the child smiled._(see) the film many time

30、s，I know it well._(show) around the lab，the visitors were taken to the library.His mother told him _(not leave) his work unfinished.He looked forward _(not cancel) the concert._(not receive) his answer，I decided to write to him again.判斷用并列謂語還是非謂語 有時要區(qū)分用謂語還是非謂語?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表伴隨動作和謂語動詞的動作同時進行。并列謂語之間有and, 用

31、在最后一個謂語前，構(gòu)成A and B, 或A、B and C; 否則，要把其中一個變?yōu)榉侵^語。At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch.A. sittingB. having sat C. to sit D. satAs the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _， and asked myself what I was going to do.A. moved

32、 B. movingC. to move D. being moved判斷表示原因、伴隨、結(jié)果還是表目的Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.A. sending B. to sendC. having sent D. to have sentI explained the theory as clearly as possible, _ to make it easy _.A. to hope; to un

33、derstandB. hoped; understoodC. hoping; to understandD. to hope; to be understoodthere be 結(jié)構(gòu) therebe名詞doing/done/to do；deny/appreciate/mind/imagine/admit介詞there being；want/expect/hope/wish/like/hate/would like/prefer/mean/intendthere to be。there being是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。There is no doing 意為“不可能，無法”。用所給詞的適當形式填空：T

34、here is a great deal of evidence _(indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.The students expected there _(be) more reviewing classes before the final exams.Ann never dreams of there _(be)for her to be sent abroad very soon.There _(be) no money left, I can't buy the boo

35、k.不定式to后的省略 一般保留動詞不定式符號to，若to后有助動詞have, be, have been, 則也要保留。The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _ A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not toIn my opinion, life in the twentyfirst century is much easier than _A. that used to beB. it is used toC. it was used t

36、oD. it used to beYou should have worked harder. I know I _A. ought to B. ought to haveC. should D. willHe wasn't helped yesterday. He ought to _ A. have B. beC. have been D. have done不定式to的省略 不定式作表語時，如果前面有實義動詞do的形式時，to要省略；不定式作感官動詞和使役動詞的賓語補足語時，要省略to；由并列連詞and，except, but, than, or 連接兩個以上的具有相同意義或功能

37、的不定式時，第二個動詞不定式不帶to；注如果兩個不定式表示對照或?qū)Ρ?，則不能省略to。如：It's easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 動詞help后用作賓語或賓語補足語時，不定式可以不帶to；“why not省略to的不定式(動詞原形)”表示建議，意為“為什么不”；“why 省略to的不定式(動詞原形)”表示不贊成；動詞不定式作but, except的賓語時，如果前面有實義動詞do的形式時，要省略to；不定式構(gòu)成的特殊句式：too 與ready, easy, willing, eager, anxious等形容詞連用，此時不定式?jīng)]有

38、否定意義，too相當于very。如： I am too willing to help you.too在not, never, only, all, but后，不定式表示肯定含義。If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meetingC. meet D. to meetIt's a long time since I saw my sister._ her this weekend?A. Why not visitB. Why not to

39、visitC. Why not visitingD. Why don't visitThe purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make連接詞不定式 連接詞和不定式連用相當于一個縮短了的從句。如：She must have time in which to grow calm.She has some money in the bank, with which to help her

40、mother.She had no money _ a birthday present for her children.A. to buy withB. buyingC. boughtD. with which to buyI've worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expectC. to be expectingD. expects1. (2014·江蘇卷)The lecture _， a lively questionandanswer sessi

41、on followed. A. being givenB. having givenC. to be givenD. having been given2. (2014·福建卷)_ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.A. Spending B. SpentC. Having spent D. To spend3. (2014·湖南卷)_ ourselves from the physical and mental

42、 tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness.A. Having freed B. FreedC. To free D. Freeing4. (2014·浙江卷)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ to guard her.A. to appointB. appointingC. appointedD. having appointed5. (2014·天津卷)Clearly and though

43、tfully _， the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.A. writingB. to writeC. writtenD. being written6. (2013·江蘇卷)Lionel Messi，_ the record for the most goals in a calendar year，is considered the most talented football player in Europe.A. set B. settingC. to set

44、D. having set7. (2013·安徽卷)_ in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.A. To foundB. FoundingC. FoundedD. Having founded8. (2013·湖南卷)The sun began to rise in the sky，_ the mountain in golden light.A. bathed B. bathingC. to have bathed D. having bathe

45、d9. (2013·全國新課標卷)They might just have a place _ on the writing coursewhy don't you give it a try?A. leave B. leftC. leaving D. to leave10. (2012·重慶卷)We're having a meeting in half an hour.The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A. to be madeB. being m

46、adeC. madeD. having been made【答案】1. D2. C3. C4. C5. C6. D7. C8. B9. B10. A1. _ on a clear day，far from the city crowds，the mountains gave him a sense of peace.A. While walkingB. WalkingC. He was walkingD. When he was walking2. _ with Lei Feng，we still have a long way to go.A. ComparingB. ComparedC.

47、To compareD. Being compared3. Can I have the document right now?Of course. Wait a minute and I'll have my secretary _ it for you.A. to print B. printingC. printed D. print4. I really like this song as it is often heard _everywhere in China.A. singing B. sun C . having sung D. to sing5. The door

48、_ tomorrow will get dry the day after tomorrow.A. paintedB. to be paintedC. being paintedD. to paint6. _ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis，people are optimistic about the future of the country.A. ConvincingB. ConvincedC. To convinceD. Having convinced7. He could do nothin

49、g but _ what he had said.A. to take backB. to be taken backC. taking backD. take back8. I flew to Paris this morning，my assistant _ me there this Friday.A. joining B. to joinC. will join D. wants to join9. _ Australia's relatively small population，its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games

50、 was really _A. Supposing；amazingB. Comparing；amazedC. Considering；amazingD. Given；amazed10. I came into the classroom，_ my seat and sat down to read.A. finding B. to findC. found D. to be found【答案】1. D2. B3. D4. B5. B6. B7. D8. B9. C10. C非謂語動詞專練一、用所給的動詞的適當形式填空1.  “Do you have any trouble with

51、your car this morning?”  “Yes, but I finally managed _ ( fix) it.2.  He got up early to avoid _ (be) late for school.3.  They are considering when _ (go) to America.4.  They are considering _ (go) to America.5. He couldnt imagine _( write) a novel in two days.6. Its surprisi

52、ng _( meet) you here!7. These boys enjoy _ (play) football.8.  The girl often practises _(speak) English in the morning.9. I like _(skate) vey much. Would you like _(skate) with me now?10. I prefer _( see) the film now rather than stay at home.11. This watch needs _ (repair), and I must remembe

53、r _(take) it back to the shop.12. You neednt _ (go) with him, he doesnt want _(examine) by the doctor.13. I usually forget _( shut) the door, but I remember_ (shut) it yesterday.14. He told the boy to stop _(make) so much noise.15. When they got there, it stopped _(rain).16. The water is hot, why not try _ (put) some cold water?17. Though it was raining hard, they went on _ (work) in the fields.18. The boy couldnt help _(cry) when he heard the news.19. I have a lot of work to do, so I cant help _(make) tea for you.20. It is often diffi