北師大版八年級英語下知識要點

1、 WORD格式整理版八年級下units 1-10知識點 Unit 1 Will people have robots?1. see sb. do sth. 看見sb.做某事（的全過程）;see sb. doing sth. 看見sb.正在做某事（片斷）2. 沒有具體的數(shù)目用“hundreds of+名詞（復數(shù)） ” 表示“數(shù)以百計的” 有具體的數(shù)目時，用“基數(shù)詞+hundred+名詞（復數(shù)）”，hundred后不能有s，也不能用介詞 of。（類似的詞還有thousands of; millions of）3. 一段時間 + from now （從現(xiàn)在起）之后; from now on = in

2、 the future 今后eg. twenty years from now 今后20年4. 肯定句：I think (that). 否定句： I dont think (that).一般疑問句：Do you think ? 特殊疑問句：What do you think.?5. study at home on computer 辨析：on，in和with. on：表示使用通訊工具、信息或傳媒，乘坐交通工具等； in：使用語言文字等媒介； with：借助具體的手段或工具。 Eg. I dont want to talk about it on the phone. Can you spea

3、k it in English? Dont write it with a red pen.3. Will people use money in 100 years? “in+時間”結(jié)構(gòu)常與一般將來時連用，對其進行提問時用特殊疑問詞how soon.4. before 可用于任何時態(tài) ago 與過去時連用5. fewer people更少的人（fewer修飾名詞復數(shù)，表示否定）less free time更少的空閑時間（less修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示否定） 6. in ten years 10年后（in的時間短語用于將來時，提問用How soon）7. live alone單獨居??；feel

4、lonely感到孤獨（比較：live alone/go along等）The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt feel lonely。8. keep/feed a pet pig 養(yǎng)一頭寵物豬 。9. no more=not anymore不再（強調(diào)多次發(fā)生的動作不再發(fā)生）no longer=not any longer不再（強調(diào)狀態(tài)不再發(fā)生）10.besides（除之外還，包括）；except =but（除之外，不包括）11.be able to=can 能、會（be able to用于各種時態(tài)，而can只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)

5、和一般過去時態(tài)中；12.have to用于各種時態(tài)，而must只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：1）I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用can） 2） had to stay at home/ will have to （不可以用must）13. over and over again 一次又一次 be in different shapes 形狀不同 14. 形容詞最高級表示“最。之一”時，可用“ one of the + 最高級+復數(shù)名詞”15.一般將來時的三種基本結(jié)構(gòu)： will +V. be going

6、to +V. be + Ving 一般將來時的時間狀語：in + 時間，in the future，next + 時間，與tomorrow 相關(guān)的時間，this + 時間，from now on，right now，some day16. 比較be going to 與will:a)be going to 表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will 表示的將來時間則較遠一些。如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.b) be going to 表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上

7、將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.c) be going to 含有“計劃，準備”的意思，而 will 則沒有這個意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.d)在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you.Unit 2 W

8、hat should I do?1.call up sb.“ 給某人打電話”（sb.是代詞的話，代詞放中間） call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb.2.borrow sth. from sb. 從某人那里借入某物 （= borrow sbs sth.）borrow from從.借( 借進來) lendto 把借給（借出去）You can keep the book for a week你可以借這本書一周。（不用borrow或lend）3.pay for sth. 為某物付（錢）4.need to do sth. （某人）需要做某事5.the same

9、 + n. + as 與一樣的 6.get on well with sb. 與某人相處融洽 （get on =get along）7.have a fight with sb. 與某人爭吵,與某人打架 (=fight with sb.) 8. take part in 加入 (=jion)9.plan sth. for sb. “為某人計劃某事” plan to do sth. “計劃做某事”10.as much as possible 盡可能多的11.Sb. pay for sth. 某人為某物花了錢。Sth. cost sb. 某物花了某人錢。 Sb. spend on sth. 某人花

10、了（時間、金錢）在某事上。 (in) doing sth. 某人花了（時間、金錢）做某事。 It takes/took sb. to do sth. 花了某人（時間、金錢）做某事。12. not until 直到才 （主句動詞是短暫性動詞） until 一直到 （主句中使用延續(xù)性動詞）13. leave sth.（+in/at 地點） 遺忘或落了某物（在某地）; forget 忘記某事14.write sb a letter=write to sb.給某人寫信15. be surprised at 對感到吃驚; to ones surprise使某人吃驚的是.surprise sb.使某人吃驚

11、（類似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）have a surprise party 舉辦一個驚喜派對16. argue with sb = have an argument with sb.與某人爭吵 17.return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb.把某物歸還給某人18.enough money足夠的錢(enough修飾名詞時不必后置)busy enough 夠忙 (enough修飾形容詞或副詞時必須后置) 19.a ticket to/for a ball game一張球賽的門票注意：the key to the l

12、ock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem .此處幾個短語不能用of表示所有格19.表示某人情緒有關(guān)的形容詞用法: be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed(說明：當主語是某人時，注意后面的形容詞一般是-ed結(jié)尾的單詞，而當主語是某物時或修飾名詞時，注意后面形容詞一般是-ing結(jié)尾單詞.）eg.I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the sur

13、prising/interesting/amazing news.20.情態(tài)動詞a) 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化；b) 情態(tài)動詞不能直接做謂語，必須和一個動詞原形同時使用；c) 大多數(shù)情態(tài)動詞沒有時態(tài)的變化；d)情態(tài)動詞加上be，通常表示猜測的語氣。Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?1. in front of - behide 在的前面 - 在的后面in the front of - at the back of 在的前部 - 在的后部（包含在內(nèi)）2.follow sb. to do sth. 跟著某人做某事3.shout at 訓

14、斥、責備; shout to 向喊叫4. What happen？ 發(fā)生什么事了？ happen = take place 發(fā)生take place發(fā)生（強調(diào)必然性）；happen to sth./sb. 發(fā)生（強調(diào)偶然性）What has happened to you?=Whats the matter with you?=Whats wrong with you?5.have fun doing sth 干某事有樂趣 have difficult time doing sth干某事有困難6.have meaning to sb. 對sb.有意義 （注意用介詞to）7.at the doc

15、tors “在診所” 在這里用名詞所有格表示在那個地方8.in the tree在樹上 （外物在樹上） on the tree在樹上（樹上有的，如花，果子）9.on Sunday evening在星期日晚上注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某個特定的上、下午、晚上用on）10.過去進行時: 用法：表示在過去某一時刻或某段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作。謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：be ( was, were )+ Ving時間狀語：at that time/moment; at + 點鐘 + yesterday/last night from +點鐘 + to +點鐘 + yesterday; this time

16、yesterday ; just then when he came in, .（when引導的時間狀語從句是過去時，并且動詞是短暫性動詞時，主句使用過去進行時）11when與while都是從屬連詞，都有“當時”的意思。when 可與一個點的時間或表示一段的時間連用，從句動詞可以是短暫性或延續(xù)性動詞；while 只指一段時間，不能指一點時間。因此while從句中的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.1. be mad at sb.因為某事對某人發(fā)火（=get mad at/be angry with/be annoyed with）2.

17、 pass ( on ) sth. to sb. 把某物遞給某人; pass on （代詞放中間）3. be supposed to = should 應(yīng)該4.have a hard time with sth. 在某事上/做某事處境困難 doing sth.5. true 符合客觀事實的（人和事）；really 真實存在的（人和事）6. bothand兩者都（謂語動詞要注意對稱原則） neither.nor 兩者都不（謂語動詞要注意就近和對稱原則）7. most of+the+名詞（復數(shù)）絕大多數(shù)（作主語） most+名詞（復數(shù)） 大多數(shù)的（作名詞的定語）8.take leave a mes

18、sage 捎（留）個口信9. 賓語從句 引導詞：that 引導陳述句，在句中可省略； if，whether 引導一般疑問句，可相互替換（從句中出現(xiàn)or not時只能使用whether）； wh-，h- 引導特殊疑問句。主句從句一般現(xiàn)在時各種時態(tài)一般過去時相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài) 時態(tài)： 注意：從句講述的是客觀真理時，不根據(jù)主句改變時態(tài)。 語序：引導詞后加陳述句語序 “主句 + 引導詞 + 從句主語 + 從句謂語 + 其他”Direct Speech and Reported Speech直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引子變?yōu)橘e語從句即可。以下是另需變化的兩點 人稱和所有格：“ 一主，二賓，三不變 ” 狀語與動詞的變化

19、Unit 5 If you go to the party，youll have a great time!1.let sb. in/out/by 讓某人進來/出去/過去 2.be late for 遲到3.be sorry (that) 感到遺憾 4.organize sth. for 為組織某事5.half (of) the class 半班 6. join = take part in 參加7.take away 把拿走、沒收 bring sth. to 把某物帶來；take sth. to 把某物帶走.； take sth. from 從把某物帶走8.be famous for 因而出

20、名 be famous as 因作為而出名9. make a living (by) doing sth. 做某事謀生10. decide to do sth. 決定去做某事 （= decide+that從句）11. in order to do sth. 以便、為了 that + 目的狀語從句 = so that in order 整齊、有條理、正常12.too much + 不可數(shù)名詞 too many + 可數(shù)名詞 much too + 形容詞13.against 反對、與相反、與對抗 argue against 抵制14條件狀語從句由if或unless引導，表示如果有從句中的動作發(fā)生，

21、就會有主句的動作發(fā)生。在條件狀語從句中，主句是將來時、祈使句或含有情態(tài)動詞的句子時，從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時表達將來的意思（即：主將從現(xiàn)）。if：如果 ；unless：除非 = if not（從句中出現(xiàn)or not時只能使用whether）；Eg. We will have a meeting tomorrow if Mr. Gao doesnt leave for Shanghai. = We will have a meeting tomorrow unless Mr. Gao leaves for Shanghai.本單元學習的是if 引導的條件狀語從句。If是連詞，所連接的句子 叫條件狀語

22、 從句，表示假設(shè)或條件，意思是“ 如果的話”，用法如下：1）、表示假設(shè)，表示將會發(fā)生和可能發(fā)生的事，或進行提醒警告。句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下： If +句子（一般現(xiàn)在時），+主句（主語will/may/can) +動詞）a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play.b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel .2. 表示真實條件、客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象、定理定義 . 民 間諺語等，句型是： If + 句子 （一般現(xiàn)在時 ），+ 主句 （ 一般現(xiàn)在時）.例： If you

23、study hard ,you are sure to succeed . If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water .If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft .If a plant dont get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?1. 現(xiàn)在完

24、成進行時(1) 結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + been + V.ing.(2) 用法：A).表示從過去某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且很有可能持續(xù)下去； Eg. Ive been doing the cleaning all this morning. B).表示從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的某一動作剛剛結(jié)束； Eg.Youre late again! Ive been waiting here for an hour. C).表示一個一直到說話時為止的一段時間內(nèi)一再重復的動作。Eg. I have been calling you several times in two days. (3) 時間狀

25、語：all the time/this morning, since morning, all night, this week/month, recently 等(4) 對現(xiàn)在完成進行時的時間狀語進行提問時使用how long。How long have you been skating?Ive been skating since I was seven years old.Ive been skatingfor 5 years old.2. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成進行時側(cè)重于動作的持續(xù)、運行；而現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)動作的完成。如：I have written a letter

26、 to my father.（到現(xiàn)在信已寫完）我給我的父親寫了一封信。I have been writing a letter to my father.（一直在寫，現(xiàn)在還在寫）我一直在給我的父親寫信。再看：I wrote a letter to my father. 我給我的父親寫過一封信。3. by the way順便說一下 on the way to.在的路上4. be interested in對感興趣 (take an interest in) 5. more than=ove超過6. fly kites放風箏 7.listen to music videos 聽音樂碟片8.orga

27、nize a talent show to raise money for charity 為慈善機構(gòu)捐錢而舉辦的才藝展示9.have problems with the language 語言方面有問題17.in Russian style 以俄羅斯的風格 10.the capital of Heilongjiang Province 黑龍江的省會11.an interesting city with a colorful history 一個有著豐富多彩歷史文化的有趣的城市 12.three and a half years =three years and a half三年半13.a p

28、air of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans 一雙滑冰鞋/一雙鞋/一副眼鏡/一條褲子/牛仔褲How much is a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?= How much does a(this) pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?How much are the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?= How much do the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/je

29、ans cost?13.And although I live quite far from Beijing, Im certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008. 盡管我住得離北京很遠，但我相信2008年奧運會我一定在這兒。(although=though,但不能與but連用； be certain=be sure 相信，確信。14.the+比較級, the+比較級 ； 比較級+and+比較級 “越,越.” Eg.The more you learn,the clever you are. He ran faster and fas

30、ter.15. Every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.每位學生每溜冰一個小時就能為慈善事業(yè)籌到10元錢。every 和each 都表示“每一個”，但every是指整體，each是指每個個體。16. the whole five hours 整整五個小時 (whole前面要有the)Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?1. turn down/up 調(diào)小/大（音量）turn on/off 打開/關(guān)上（電源開關(guān)）2. not at all 一點也不 3.

31、right away = in a minute=at once=right now 立刻、馬上4. do/wash the dish 洗碗 5.get out of 出來 6.feed the dog 喂狗 keep the dog 養(yǎng)狗7. put on 穿上（動作） wear 穿著（狀態(tài)） dress sb. 為某人穿衣服8. follow sb. around 跟在某人周圍 follow. to do9. get/be mad at sb.= get /be annoy with sb.= get/be angrysb. 對某人感到惱火10. all the time 一直 11. c

32、omplain about 抱怨12 be polite to sb. 有禮貌地對某人13. try (not) to do sth. 盡力（不去）做某事14. must be 一定是 15. keep down 保持音量16. seem like 看上去像 sound like 聽起來像 feel like 感覺像 look like 說外貌17. be allowed 被允許 allow (not) to do sth.允許（不）做某事18. even if/though 盡管、即使19. take care = be careful=look/wacth out小心20. in publ

33、ic places 在公眾場合 in public 公開地，當眾地21. put out 熄滅 22. drop litter 亂丟垃圾 23. pick up 撿起、拾起24.Would you mind turning down the music? 你介不介意把音樂聲關(guān)小呢？Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介不介意做（不做）？= Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 請你做（不做）好嗎？25. The pen you bought didnt work. = The pen you bought wasnt bro

34、ken. = There was something wrong with the pen you bought.= Something was wrong with the pen you bought. 你買的那把筆壞了。26.stand to do sth. “忍受做某事”27. This happens to me all the time in the school library. 在學校圖書館我一直碰上這種事。（ happen to sb. “發(fā)生在某人身上”）28. Would you mind keeping your voice down? 你介不介意把音量放小呢？voic

35、e: 名詞，指說話和唱歌地嗓音； talk in a loud voice 高聲交談noise: 名詞，指人們不愿聽到地噪音；sound: 名詞，泛指自然界一切可以聽到的聲音。29.Its better to do sth.=had better do sth.“最好做某事” （had better是情態(tài)動詞）Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?1.get sb. sth.=get sth. to sb. 為某人買某物 (get=buy, buy.for)2. have fun with sth. 做有樂趣 have fun doing sth.3. hea

36、r of 聽說 (=hear about)4. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事 5. make progress 取得進步 6. be able to = can 能夠7.from across China = from all over China 來自全中國 pare with/to sth. 與相比9. fall asleep 入睡（動作） be asleep 入睡（狀態(tài)）10. Why dont you get her a scarf? 為什么不給她買條圍巾呢？ get sb. sth. for 為了 給某人買某物( = get sth. to sb.

37、 for )注意：當sth. 是代詞時，不可使用第二種用法。11. Thats not interesting enough. 那不夠有趣。enough有兩種詞性：當它用來修飾形容詞、副詞時，作為副詞，應(yīng)放在所修飾的詞之后，如上句；當它用來修飾名詞時,應(yīng)放在名詞之后，如：I dont have enough time to spend with her.12. What a lucky guy! 幸運的家伙！=How lucky the guy is!13. Now shes too big to sleep in the house. 現(xiàn)在她太大了不能睡在屋子里。too to ：太以致于不能

38、= so that 主語 cant .=not.enough to do.e.g. He is too young to go to school. = He is so young that he cant go to school. = He isnt old enough to go to school. = He is very young and he cant go to school.注意：tooto是一個簡單句，而sothat是一個復合句。并且當復合句中的主句主語和從句主語不同時，在句型中要用for sb.來表述。如：The digital camera is so expen

39、sive that we cant buy it.= The digital camera is too expensive for us to buy.= The digital camera isnt cheap enough for us to buy.= The digital camera is very expensive and we cant buy it.15. My shoes were really cheap. They only cost $5. 我的鞋子真的很便宜。只要花5美圓。cost：花費（金錢）主語為物； pay：花費（金錢）主語為人；（需和for連用）tak

40、e：花費（時間、金錢）主語為物；spend ：花費（時間、金錢）主語為人。（后有介詞on 或動詞的ing形式）16. Why dont you +V原?= Why not +V原? 為什么不.呢？17. instead 為副詞，在句首、句末獨立作狀語 “相反”instead of 為介詞短語，后面接名詞、代詞、介詞、動詞-ing(=rather than，但是rather than前后的動詞時態(tài)和人稱是相一致的)eg. I wont go with him.Ill go with you instead.= Ill go with you instead of him.Unit 9 Have

41、you ever been to an amusement park?1. hear of/about 聽說 hear from 收到的消息/來信2. think about 考慮 think of 想起；認為 3. take a ride 兜風 4. end up 結(jié)束 5.three quarters of 四分之三 eg. three fifths 五分之三英語分數(shù)巧記 :英語分數(shù)不費事，母序子基四個字 ;分子若是大于一，分母還須加-s. 6.Have you ever been to a water park? 你曾經(jīng)去過水上公園嗎？No, I havent.不，我沒有。Me neit

42、her. = Neither/Nor have I. 我也沒有。這是一個否定的省略句。它的結(jié)構(gòu)是“ Neither/Nor + be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”。而用在肯定的省略句中時要使用so，它的結(jié)構(gòu)是“So+ be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞”。如：- I paid 20 yuan for this book. - So did I.7. Its just so much fun in Disneyland. 迪斯尼樂園里有如此之多的樂趣。More than three quarters of the population are Chinese. 超過四分之三的人是中國人。8. This

43、is because the island is so close to the equator. So you can choose to go whenever you like. 就因為這個島是如此接近赤道。所以只要你愿意你任何時候都可以去。9. 現(xiàn)在完成時 (1) 用法：動作到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成; 過去發(fā)生或已完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果和影響；過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。(2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + V.過去分詞(3) 時間狀語：already, yet, just, ever, never, once, twice, so far, ever since, fo

44、r a long time, for + 一段時間, since + 過去的時間點/過去時的從句，等。(4) 注意事項: A. 現(xiàn)在完成時是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài),重點表達目前的結(jié)果和狀態(tài); B. 表示動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在用for + 時間段, since +點時間連用。對for與since短語提問用how long。 C. 現(xiàn)在完成時從不與when引起的疑問句聯(lián)用。 D. have been to：去過 have gone to：去了 have been in：呆在 E. 短暫性動詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動詞： buy - have hadborrow - have kept make friends - ha

45、ve been friends join - have been in / have been a member of become - have been a member die - have been deadget to know - have known come/go to do - have done catch a cold - have had a cold begin/start to do - have done begin / start - have been on enter / come / arrive / get to / reach - have been

46、in/at go / leave for / set off / set out - have been away from10. since，for在現(xiàn)在完成（進行）時中的用法差異(1) since 后接過去的時間點或一般過去時的從句。He has been an English teacher since three years ago.We have known each other since we came to study in this university.(2) for后接時間段。 He has lived here for three years.11. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過

47、去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。而一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。如： He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以來他一直住在這里。（他現(xiàn)在還住在這里） He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在這里。（并不涉及他現(xiàn)在是否住在這里）Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt?1. forge

48、t to do sth. 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事2. look through 瀏覽3.cross a busy street = go/walk across a busy street 穿過一條繁忙的街道 （穿過表面） go through 穿過（空間/房間/森林等） go past 經(jīng)過/路過4. think of 想起、認為 5.come along 出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生 ，跟著來6.be friendly to sb. 對某人友好7. get along/on with sb. 與某人相處的8. have a birthday party 舉辦一個生日聚會9. at least 至少（反義：at most） 10. at the school dining room 在學校的餐廳里11. a thank-you note 感謝信 12