中英文翻譯--發(fā)光二極管{修}

1、發(fā)光二極管LED （ Light Emitting Diode）,發(fā)光二極管，是一種固態(tài)的半導(dǎo)體器件，它可 以直接把電轉(zhuǎn)化為光。LED的心臟是一個(gè)半導(dǎo)體的晶片，晶片的一端附在一個(gè) 支架上，一端是負(fù)極，另一端連接電源的正極，使整個(gè)晶片被環(huán)氧樹脂封裝起來。 半導(dǎo)體晶片由兩部分組成，一部分是P型半導(dǎo)體，在它里面空穴占主導(dǎo)地位，另 一端是N型半導(dǎo)體，在這邊主要是電子。但這兩種半導(dǎo)體連接起來的時(shí)候，它 們之間就形成一個(gè)“-N結(jié)”。當(dāng)電流通過導(dǎo)線作用于這個(gè)晶片的時(shí)候，電子就會(huì) 被推向P區(qū)，在P區(qū)里電子跟空穴復(fù)合，然后就會(huì)以光子的形式發(fā)出能量， 這就 是LED發(fā)光的原理。而光的波長(zhǎng)也就是光的顏色，是由形成

2、P-N結(jié)的材料決定 的。50年前人們已經(jīng)了解半導(dǎo)體材料可產(chǎn)生光線的基本知識(shí)，第一個(gè)商用二極 管產(chǎn)生于1960年。LED是英文light emitting diode （發(fā)光二極管）的縮寫，它的 基本結(jié)構(gòu)是一塊電致發(fā)光的半導(dǎo)體材料，置于一個(gè)有引線的架子上，然后四周用 環(huán)氧樹脂密封，即固體封裝，所以能起到保護(hù)內(nèi)部芯線的作用，所以 LED的抗 震性能好。發(fā)光二極管的核心部分是由 P型半導(dǎo)體和N型半導(dǎo)體組成的晶片，在 P型 半導(dǎo)體和N型半導(dǎo)體之間有一個(gè)過渡層，稱為 P-N結(jié)。在某些半導(dǎo)體材料的PN 結(jié)中，注入的少數(shù)載流子與多數(shù)載流子復(fù)合時(shí)會(huì)把多余的能量以光的形式釋放出 來，從而把電能直接轉(zhuǎn)換為光能。P

3、N結(jié)施加反向電壓時(shí)，少數(shù)載流子難以注入， 故不發(fā)光。這種利用注入式電致發(fā)光原理制作的二極管叫發(fā)光二極管，通稱LED o 當(dāng)它處于正向工作狀態(tài)時(shí)（即兩端加上正向電壓），電流從LED陽(yáng)極流向陰極時(shí)， 半導(dǎo)體晶體就發(fā)出從紫外到紅外不同顏色的光線，光的強(qiáng)弱與電流有關(guān)。最初LED用作儀器儀表的指示光源，后來各種光色的LED在交通信號(hào)燈和 大面積顯示屏中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用，產(chǎn)生了很好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。以 12英 寸的紅色交通信號(hào)燈為例，在美國(guó)本來是采用長(zhǎng)壽命、低光效的140瓦白熾燈作 為光源，它產(chǎn)生2000流明的白光。經(jīng)紅色濾光片后，光損失 90%,只剩下200 流明的紅光。而在新設(shè)計(jì)的燈中，Lumile

4、ds公司采用了 18個(gè)紅色LED光源，包 括電路損失在內(nèi)，共耗電14瓦，即可產(chǎn)生同樣的光效。汽車信號(hào)燈也是LED光源應(yīng)用的重要領(lǐng)域。對(duì)于一般照明而言，人們更需要白色的光源。1998年白光的LED開發(fā)成功。 這種LED是將GaN芯片和億鋁石榴石（YAG）封裝在一起做成。GaN芯片發(fā)藍(lán) 光（入p=465nm Wd=30nm）,高溫?zé)Y(jié)制成的含 Ce3+的YAG熒光粉受此藍(lán)光激 發(fā)后發(fā)出黃色光射，峰值 550nm。藍(lán)光LED基片安裝在碗形反射腔中，覆蓋以 混有YAG的樹脂薄層，約200-500nm。LED基片發(fā)出的藍(lán)光部分被熒光粉吸收， 另一部分藍(lán)光與熒 光粉發(fā)出的黃光混 合，可以得到得白 光?，F(xiàn)

5、在，對(duì)于 InGaN/YAG白色LED ,通過改變YAG熒光粉的化學(xué)組成和調(diào)節(jié)熒光粉層的厚度， 可以獲得色溫3500-10000K的各色白光。這種通過藍(lán)光 LED得到白光的方法， 構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)單、成本低廉、技術(shù)成熟度高，因此運(yùn)用最多。上個(gè)世紀(jì)60年代，科技工作者利用半導(dǎo)體PN結(jié)發(fā)光的原理，研制成了 LED 發(fā)光二極管。當(dāng)時(shí)研制的LED,所用的材料是GaASP,其發(fā)光顏色為紅色。經(jīng) 過近30年的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)在大家十分熟悉的 LED,已能發(fā)出紅、橙、黃、綠、藍(lán)等 多種色光。正是這些彩色光源使 LED廣泛用來顯示文字、圖形、圖像、動(dòng)畫、 行情、視頻、錄像信號(hào)等各種信息。LED顯示屏分為圖文顯示屏和視頻顯示屏，

6、均由LED矩陣塊組成。圖文顯示屏可與計(jì)算機(jī)同步顯示漢字、英文文本和圖形；視頻顯示屏采用微型計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn) 行控制，圖文、圖像并茂，以實(shí)時(shí)、同步、清晰的信息傳播方式播放各種信息， 還可顯示二維、三維動(dòng)畫、錄像、電視、VCD節(jié)目以及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)況。LED顯示屏顯示畫面色彩鮮艷，立體感強(qiáng)，靜如油畫，動(dòng)如電影，廣泛應(yīng)用于金融、稅務(wù)、 工商、郵電、體育、廣告、廠礦企業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸、教育系統(tǒng)、車站、碼頭、機(jī)場(chǎng)、 商場(chǎng)、醫(yī)院、賓館、銀行、證券市場(chǎng)、建筑市場(chǎng)、拍賣行、工業(yè)企業(yè)管理和其它 公共場(chǎng)所。LED顯示屏可以顯示變化的數(shù)字、文字、圖形圖像；不僅可以用于室內(nèi)環(huán) 境還可以用于室外環(huán)境，具有投影儀、電視墻、液晶顯示屏無法比擬

7、的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。LED之所以受到廣泛重視而得到迅速發(fā)展，是與它本身所具有的優(yōu)點(diǎn)分不 開的。這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)概括起來是：亮度高、工作電壓低、功耗小、小型化、壽命長(zhǎng)、 耐沖擊和性能穩(wěn)定。LED的發(fā)展前景極為廣闊，目前正朝著更高亮度、更高耐 氣候性、更高的發(fā)光密度、更高的發(fā)光均勻性，可靠性、全色化方向發(fā)展。Light Emitting DiodeLED (Light Emitting Diode), light-emitting diode, is a solid state semiconductor devices, which can be directly converted into electricit

8、y to light. LED is the heart of a semiconductor chip, the chip is attached to one end of a stent, is the negative side, the other end of the power of the cathode, the entire chip package to be epoxy resin. Semiconductor chip is composed of two parts, part of the P-type semiconductor, it inside the h

9、ole-dominated, the other side is the N-type semiconductor, here is mainly electronic. But linking the two semiconductors, among them the formation of a ”PN junction." When the current through the wires role in this chip, will be pushing e-P, P zone in the hole with electronic composite, and the

10、n to be issued in the form of photon energy, and this is the principle of LED luminescence. The wavelength of light that is the color of light, is formed by the PN junction of the decisions of the material.50 years ago, people have to understand semiconductor materials can produce light of the basic

11、 knowledge, the first commercial diodes in 1960. English is the LED light emitting diode (LED) acronym, and its basic structure is an electroluminescent semiconductor materials, placed in a wire rack, then sealed with epoxy resin around, that is, solid package, Therefore, the protection of the inter

12、nal batteries can play the role of line, so the seismic performance LED good.LED is the core of the P-type semiconductor and components of the N-type semiconductor chips, the P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor between a transition layer, called the PN junction. In some semiconductor mater

13、ials in the PN junction, the injection of a small number of carrier-carrier and the majority of the extra time will be in the form of light energy to release, thus the power to direct conversion of solar energy. PN junction on reverse voltage, a few hard-carrier injection, it is not luminous. This u

14、se of injection electroluminescent diodes is produced by the principle of light-emitting diodes, commonly known as LED. When it in a positive state of the work (that is, at both ends with forward voltage), the current flows from the LED anode, cathode, semiconductor crystals on the issue from the ul

15、traviolet to infrared light of different colors, light and the strength of the currents.Instruments used for the first LED light source instructions, but all kinds of light colored LED lights in traffic and large screen has been widely applied, have a very good economic and social benefits. The 12-i

16、nch red traffic lights as an example, is used in the United States have long life, low-efficiency 140 watt incandescentlamp as a lightsource, it produced 2,000 lumens of white light. The red filter, the loss-90 percent, only 200 lumens of red light. In the light of the new design, Lumileds companies

17、 have 18 red LED light source, including the loss of circuit, a total power consumption of 14 watts to generate the same optical effect. Automotive LED lights is also the source of important areas.For general lighting, people need more white light sources. The 1998 white LED successful development.

18、This is the GaN LED chip and Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) package together cause. GaN chip of the Blu-ray (入 p = 465nm, Wd = 30nm), made of high-temperature sintering of the Ce3 + YAG phosphors excited by this Blu-ray after irradiating a yellow, the peak 550 nm. Blue-chip installed in the LED-based

19、 Wanxing reflection in the cavity, covered with a resin mixed with YAG thin layer, about 200-500 nm. LED-based tablets issued by the Blu-ray absorption part of the phosphor, the phosphor another part of the Blu-ray and a yellow light mixed, can be a white. Now, the InGaN / YAG white LED, YAG phospho

20、r by changing the chemical composition of the phosphor layer and adjust the thickness of the 3500-10000 K color temperature can be colored white. This blue LED through the method by white, constructed simple, low-cost, high technology is mature, so use the most.In the 1960s, the use of science and t

21、echnology workers semiconductor PN junction of The principle of developing a LED light-emitting diodes. At that time, the development of LED, the materials used are GaASP, its luminous color is red. After nearly 30 years of development, and now we are very familiar with the LED, has been sent to red

22、, orange, yellow, green, blue, and other shade. Used to display text, graphics, animation, market, image and video, video signal etc all kinds of information of the display screen.The LED display screen and video display into the text by LED matrix blocks. Graphic display can be displayed with compu

23、ter, English, Chinese text and graphics, Video screen using microcomputer control, graphic, image, with real-time, synchronization, clear information dissemination way play all kinds of information, but also shows 2d, 3d animation, videos, TV, VCD programs and live. The LED display screen display bright colors, stereo sense is strong, such as oil, such as films, widely used in finance, taxation, industry and commerce, telecommunications, sports, advertising, corporations, transportation, education system, station, port, airport, hospital, shopping malls, h