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1、初中閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧及練習(xí)(教師版) 初中英語閱讀理解最基本的要求是“能從一般性文章中獲取和處理主要信息”。對這種“獲取和處理主要信息”水平的考查,主要采用的方式就是細(xì)節(jié)判斷。這類題在閱讀理解題中占據(jù)半壁江山,做好這類題是確保基礎(chǔ)分的關(guān)鍵。同時,弄清細(xì)節(jié),準(zhǔn)確獲取信息,也是把握文章主旨的前提。所以,要特別重視做好這類題。(一)細(xì)節(jié)題 細(xì)節(jié)題就是指那些針對文章細(xì)節(jié)描寫或與文章情節(jié)發(fā)展相關(guān)的事實(shí)所設(shè)置的問題。這類題主要測試考生獲取信息及對文章所提供信息的理解水平。 1設(shè)題方式 此類題型多數(shù)以特殊疑問詞設(shè)問,設(shè)問的檢
2、測點(diǎn)針對某一具體行為、地點(diǎn)、時間、原因、方式、數(shù)量等。細(xì)節(jié)題是用來進(jìn)一步表達(dá)主題,體現(xiàn)中心思想的,往往針對短文某個細(xì)節(jié)來設(shè)題。做此類題時,應(yīng)快速捕捉信息,可能是一些事例、數(shù)字等,閱讀時要有針對性。 此類考查事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的題目大部分是針對文章的細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計的。其主要提問方式是:1) True or NOT true 是非判斷類型Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Which
3、60;of the following statements is NOT true? Which of the following is NOT considered as ? According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as o
4、ne of the reasons for ? 2)特殊疑問詞提問類型 How many ?What/who/when/where/how/why ? 3) 排序題類型 Which of the orders is correct according to the passage ? 4)例證題類型 The author gives
5、 the example in paragraph in order to 5) 表唯一細(xì)節(jié)概念題類型: the most / est the only 2技巧點(diǎn)撥 做這類題的一般方法是先要找出題干或是選項中的關(guān)鍵字,一般為數(shù)字、大寫或人名地名,再通過scanning快速確定該細(xì)節(jié)在文中的出處(信息源),仔細(xì)對照題干要求,排除或選擇。命題者在出這類題時慣用“偷梁換柱、張冠李
6、戴”的手法來迷惑考生,即對原句細(xì)微處做改動,截取原文詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)行改造,因果倒置,把A的觀點(diǎn)說成B的觀點(diǎn)等。所以準(zhǔn)確理解題干和信息句的意義是關(guān)鍵。細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題還要十分注意句子的非主干成分,如定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等,這些成分都是出題者常實(shí)行誤導(dǎo)的落腳點(diǎn)。 是非判斷一般都遵循對照選項實(shí)行“三對一錯或三錯一對”的判斷。若該信息句是長句或難句,要學(xué)會找出其主干部分,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),準(zhǔn)確理解信息句的意義。一定要注意的是,要所答是所問,不要受到慣勢思維的影響,習(xí)慣性地去選擇準(zhǔn)確的細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí),切記要弄清問題,不要所答非所問。 例證題一定要注意以f
7、or example , such as 等關(guān)鍵入手處,找出細(xì)節(jié)出處。排序題要先仔細(xì)觀察選項,找出首尾相同的選項分組,進(jìn)而通過具體細(xì)節(jié)信息比較實(shí)行排除和選擇。唯一細(xì)節(jié)題一定要仔細(xì)審題,弄清題干所需。特別需要提醒的是,選項中出現(xiàn)有most (最高級)、the only(唯一)、all(所有)、none(全否)修飾的細(xì)節(jié),都具有絕對性,選擇判斷時要慎選。(1)題干定位法 細(xì)節(jié)題通??疾榭忌鷮τ谀承┲匾畔?shí)行迅速、準(zhǔn)確地尋找的水平。提問常常用特殊疑問詞what,when,where,who,whose,ho
8、w,why等引出。做這樣的題,能夠采用“題干定位法”,即先弄清楚題干問什么,然后直接到文中尋找相關(guān)信息。帶著問題去讀文章,目的明確,容易抓住文中與問題相關(guān)的信息點(diǎn)。 (2)跳讀捕捉信息法 針對這樣的題目,同學(xué)們只要使用Skimming(略讀)的方法,先整體上閱讀文章,然后從原文中找到相關(guān)語句實(shí)行理解分析,就能夠確定答案。要注意的是,不要孤立地理解單個句子,而要結(jié)合上下文語境來理解。專項練習(xí) (1)Dear Disney, Last weekend, t
9、he four members of my family spent an enjoyable holiday at the Magic Kingdom - Disneyland. And one event made our visit seem truly magical. We got to the f
10、ront of the line at Space Mountain, only to find out that our little daughter Gloria couldn't take her ice-cream on the ride. We were so excited that we
11、0;all forgot ice-cream was not allowed on the ride. Gloria broke into tears and we all had no idea what to do. Then Murphy, one of the staff(員工)
12、60;members, came over. She bent down and told Gloria that she would hold the ice-cream for her and give it to her when she finished the ride. Gloria said,
13、"Promise?" Then she gave Murphy her ice-cream, and she completely enjoyed the ride. Sure enough, as we walked out the exit, there was Gloria'
14、s new friend with "her" ice-cream. Now you and I both know what happened, because we know that an ice-cream won't last twenty minutes on a summer after
15、noon in Florida. Murphy knew' what time we would get off the ride; she went to the nearest shop and bought a brand-new ice-cream thirty seconds before we wa
16、lked out the exit. Gloria said, "Thank you," but I'm sure she thought it was the same ice-cream. We know that someone tried hard
17、to make our visit special. Thanks so much for going above and beyond!
18、60;
19、60; Your fan, &
20、#160; Carmen Rivera 74. The family's visit to the Magic Kingdom was _. A) helpful B) awful C) frightening
21、; D) amazing 分析:細(xì)節(jié)題,從文章第一段“one event made our visit seem truly magical”, 從magical的意思可以選出D選項。 75. Before the ride, Gloria cried because _. A)
22、;she couldn't find her parents in the line B) she was too little to take the ride C) she couldn't take her ice-cream on the ride
23、60; D) she had to wait for twenty minutes 分析:細(xì)節(jié)題,從文章的第二段,“Gloria couldn't take her ice-cream on the ride”可以選出C選項。 76. Murphy was waiting for Gloria _ after t
24、he ride. A) in the ice-cream shop B) at the exit C) in the front of the line D) at the entrance 分析:細(xì)節(jié)題,從文章的第四段“as we wa
25、lked out the exit”可以選出B的選項。77. In order to keep the promise, Murphy _. A) took Gloria to the nearest shop B) asked&
26、#160;her new friend to help Gloria C) helped Gloria get off the ride D) bought a new ice-cream for Gloria
27、0;分析:細(xì)節(jié)題,從文章的第四段“bought a brand-new ice-cream”可以選出D選項。 79. Carmen Rivera wrote the letter to _. A) order ice-creams B) promise to
28、160;visit again C) express her thanks D) give some suggestions 分析:細(xì)節(jié)題,從文章的最后一段,可以選出C的選項。注意express是表達(dá)的意思。 (2)You probably know you should say" please" and" thank
29、 you" at restaurants. You probably know the rules of a library. You know you should respect and be nice lo your classmates. But do you have music manners?&
30、#160;Keep It Down! You have to notice the volume of your music. You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it. Some people mi
31、ght even get angry. Usually, when you play the music loud on an MP3 player, other people can't hear the words of the song. They just hear a loud sound.
32、 Not one wants to listen to this. Very loud music can also be bad for your ears, so even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 player, you s
33、houldn't have it turned up too high. Take Them Off! You need to know when to turn your MP3 player off and put it away. Libraries and schools don't
34、allow MP3 players. There are other places, like museums, that don't have rules, but it would be rude to have your MP3 player on. Sometimes, it just doesn't
35、160;make sense to listen your MP3 player at event. Why would you listen to music at a play, a movie or a sporting event? You would miss what is going
36、on and others would wonder why you even came. Take One Out! Once in a while it's okay just to take out one earphone. Imagine you are listening on your&
37、#160;MP3 player when someone asks you the way. It would not be rude to take out one earphone, tell him the way, and put back the earphone and continue list
38、ening. You can also do this when you order food at a fast-food restaurant or when you answer the telephone and it's not for you.It's Your Choice! There
39、are times when you need to decide what is best. For example, some people can listen to music on their MP3 players when read books, while others think it is
40、 disturbing. In cases like this, you need 10 do what seems right for you. 79. No one wants to listen to_ from others MP3 players. A) a loud sound
41、60; B)sad stories C)a long movie D)the words of a song 【參考答案】 A 細(xì)節(jié)題 【思路解析】第二段倒數(shù)第三行“Not one wants to listen to
42、0;this. Very loud music can also be bad for your ears”,可以得出答案,選擇A 80. We should turn down the music when we are alone because loud music . A) is not
43、;enjoyable B)makes us tired C)is bad for MP3 players D)hurts our ears 【參考答案】 D 細(xì)節(jié)題【思路解析】根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第一行“Very loud music can also be bad for
44、;your ears, so even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 player, you shouldn't have it turned up too high”得出結(jié)論,選擇D 82. We can take once earphone
45、;out when we_ A) show others the way B)talk to friends on the phone C)watch a sporting event D)have dinner wi
46、th our parents 【參考答案】 A 細(xì)節(jié)題 【思路解析】根據(jù)第四段的介紹我們可以排除C項和D項,A和B在原文中都有提及,但是原文中指的是“answer the telephone”這一短暫的動作,而B項是與朋友在“telephone”中聊天,是個延續(xù)性的動作,故選擇A(3)The waier lap was leaking (漏水) again, and the noise was drivi
47、ng Cassie crazy.Cassie looked at her watch. It was nearly nine o'clock. She climbed out of bed and stood on a chair by the shelf. Her mother's Mr Fix-It
48、 Book was on the top shelf. Cassie stepped down quietly. She read the book quickly until she found the page she was looking for. and then began to read
49、0;carefully. Next, Cassie opened a box in the kitchen and picked out the tools she needed a hammer, a wrench, and several small things, it was no easy job
50、 for her to do the repair, and she tried several times. Finally, the water tap was in pieces. One by one. she carefully laid them out on the table. Th
51、at way she would know how they went back. While this was going on. her cat walked over to watch what she was doing. Cassie worked late into the night
52、. At one point, she thought she was done. Oops! A small piece that she had forgotten still lay on the table. Slowly Cassie took the water tap apart (分開)
53、60;one more time. This time she made sure everything was in place. She turned the water tap on and then off. One. two. three. She waited a full minute. The
54、re was no leak! Cassie smiled and put the tools back into the box. Then she went back into bed. The next morning. Dad was in the kitchen when Cassie g
55、ot up. "Notice anything. Dad?" she asked. He looked around and listened. "Hmm. something's missing. I can't find out what it is. Wait, it's too
56、0;quiet in here!" "That's right," Cassie said. "Something is missing. I fixed the water tap. It doesn't leak any more” "Thai's my girl," Dad
57、60;said. "Its a.good thing you are really like your mother." 78. The noise of_ was driving Cassic crazy. A) the tap B) her cat C) her father D) the clock【參考答案】 A 細(xì)節(jié)題 【
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