英語從句的分類

1、英語從句的分類名詞性從句是由if, whether, that和各種疑問詞充當(dāng)連接詞所引導(dǎo)的從句，其功同名詞一樣。一.主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1 . It作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較It作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分， 都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用 who/whom 。例如：It is a p ity that you didn ' t go to see the film.

2、It doesn ' t interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2 .用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) It is +名詞+從句It is a fact that 事實(shí)是 It is an honor th at 非常榮幸It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)(2) it is +形容詞+從句It is natural that 很自然It is strange th

3、at奇怪的是 it is +不及物動(dòng)詞+從句It seems that 似乎It happened that碰巧一(4) it +過去分詞+從句It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 It has been proved that 已證實(shí) 3.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況(1) if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。(2) It is said , (reported)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)That President Jiang

4、will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) It happens ，otccurs 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)(4) It doesn ' t matter how/whether結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：It doesn ' t matter whether he is wro

5、ng or not. (right)Whether he is wrong or not doesn ' t matter. (wrong) (5)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)4. What與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別What引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語.賓語.表語，而that則不然。例如：1) What you said yester

6、day is right.2) That she is still alive is a consolation.二.賓語從句賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。1 .作動(dòng)詞的賓語(1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that通常可以省略)，例如：I heard that be joined the army.(2)由what, whether (if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：1) She did not know what had happened.2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me

7、.(3)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.2 .作介詞的賓語例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3 .作形容詞的賓語例如：I am afraid (that) I ' ve made a mistake.That引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud,

8、 surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content等。也可以將此類詞后的that從句的看作原因狀語從句。4 . It可以作為形式賓語It不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。例如：We heard it that she would get married next month.5 .后邊不能直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞這類動(dòng)詞有 Allow, refuse, let, like

9、, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例如：I admire their winning the match. (right)I admire that they won the match. (wrong)6 .不可用that從句作直接賓語的動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞不可用于動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+ that從句 結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有 Envy, order, accuse,refuse, impress, forgive,

10、blame, denounce, advise, congratulate 等。例如：He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)7 .否定的轉(zhuǎn)移若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為 Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等， 其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：I don ' t think

11、this dress fits you well.(我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。)三.表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是上語十連系動(dòng)詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句白連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等。弓I導(dǎo)表語從句的that?？墒÷浴Ａ硗?，常用的還有 the reason is that 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we can '

12、 t get the support of the people3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四.同位語從句同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。1 .同位語從句的功能同位語從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由 that引導(dǎo)，例如：1) The king ' s decision that the prisoner would be

13、set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2 .同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3 .同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分(主語或賓語)，而同位 語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)