閱讀題干的提問方式和解題技巧

1、閱讀題干的提問方式和解題技巧一、 細節(jié)理解題（一）常見題干：1. When Where did the story happen?2. Which of the following is TRUE in the passage?3. Which of the following statements is NOT includeddiscussedmentioned in the passage?4. Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?5. Which of the following is TRUENOT

2、true?6. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?7. All of the following the statements are true EXCEPT 8. The writer mentions all the following EXCEPT （ 二 ） 解題指導(dǎo)A. 依據(jù)正確選項的特點解題1. 正確選項一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到答案，但是不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型表達相同的意思。題干+正確選項的信息值等于或約等于原文中某句的信息值。2. 正確選項體現(xiàn)中心思

3、想，一般試題的細節(jié)與主旨直接關(guān)聯(lián)。B. 依據(jù)干擾選項的特點解題1. 干擾選項部分正確，部分錯誤。2. 干擾選項是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容3. 干擾選項符合常識，但不是文章內(nèi)容。4. 干擾選項與原句的內(nèi)容極為相似，只是在程度上有些變動。二 主旨大意題（一）常見題干：1. Main idea 型：選擇項多為陳述句，要求考生選擇表達作者思想或觀點的句子。題干多為如下形式： What s the main idea point of the passage? The passage is mainly about The passage is mainly concerned about Whi

4、ch of the following best states the main idea of the passage? The general main idea of the passage is about _2. Main purpose 型：選擇項多為動賓結(jié)構(gòu)，要求考生找到主要的寫作目的，常見以下幾種題干形式： What s the purpose of the passage? The passage is meant to The purpose of the article is to In this passage the writer tries to tell us t

5、hat The passage tells us that The author s main purpose in writing the passage is to 3. 標(biāo)題型：選擇文章標(biāo)題是另一類對主旨大意題考查的形式，命題形式： The best title offor the passage is Which of the following is the best title of the passage? The most appropriate title of the passage is （ 二 ） 解題指導(dǎo) :主旨題正確選項特點：不出現(xiàn)細節(jié)信息；不含過分肯定或絕對意義的

6、詞1. 注意首段和各段第一句話，將其含義連接成一個整體。2. 小心“首段陷阱” ，不要一看開頭就選擇答案。3. 不管主旨題出現(xiàn)在第幾道題，都作為最后一道題去做，因為做完其他題以后會對主旨的理解有幫助。4. 段落中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時，該句很可能是主題句。5. 作者有意識的反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點通常是主旨。6. 首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的解答就是文章主旨。7. 提出文章主旨時常伴有的文字提示： therefore, thus, but, however, in short。（二）主旨題錯誤選項的干擾項特征經(jīng)常是：1. 局部信息，即選項的內(nèi)容小于文章的內(nèi)容。2. 范圍過寬，即選項的內(nèi)容大于文章的內(nèi)容。3. 逆向思

7、維法、快速作文法：在兩個選項看上去都十分正確無法選擇時，試著從選項出發(fā)，想象一下如果自己寫作文會選取哪個題目，除了表達意思，還要能吸引讀者，才是最佳答案。推理判斷題（一）常見題干:(1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a (2) We can infer from the text that (3) It can be inferred from the text that (4) From the letters we ve learned that it s very to know something aboutAmerican

8、 social customs.(5) From the story we can guess(6) From the text we know that (7) What would happen if .?(8) The storypassage implies that (9) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be (10) The writer ' s attitude toward .is(11) The author implied suggested that (12) It may be co

9、ncluded from the passage that （ 二） 解題指導(dǎo) :1. 解答這類題的一般步驟是：（ 1）定位信息：通過尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點。（ 2）字面理解：理解相關(guān)信息點的字面意義。（ 3）深層理解：結(jié)合語境和常識，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進行符合邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。2. 選擇答案時，注意排除以下干擾項，以便縮小選擇范圍：（ 1）不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點，要嚴格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進行推理；（ 2） 推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文；（ 3）如果某選項中的內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡單重復(fù)，那它就不是推論，也就不是正確答案；（ 4） 如果某選項所表達的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗相吻合，文中卻

10、沒有涉及，那它屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論，也不是正確答案；（ 5）如果某個選項表達的內(nèi)容雖在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正確答案；（ 6）文中的虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞（should, must, may, etc. ）往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，這有助于我們確定正確答案；（ 7） 注意作者在文章中的措辭，比如作者在形容詞前用了 too, excessively（ 極度地 ）, rather ，則常帶有否定的口氣；（ 8）某些過渡詞（例如：however, but, on the contrary, what s more ）后面所表達的內(nèi)容往往能反映作者的觀點和態(tài)度3. 此外，可采用主旨推斷法：

11、在理解短文大意，明確文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，進行推斷，從而得出符合情理的結(jié)論四、意義猜測題（一）考查方式：1 .同義法。常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or,它們連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此可以推斷。2 .反義法。如hot and cold, give and receive 等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊~ 與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。3 .釋義法。對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標(biāo)點符號引出并加 以解釋說明。4 .情景推斷法、代詞替代法等。（二）常見題干：（1） The word ".” in the passage probably m

12、eans（2） The underlined word “” in the passage refers tomeans .（3） Which of the following is closet in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph?（4） The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means.（5） The word " ittheythem " in the first paragraph refers to（6） Which of the

13、following is nearestclosest in meaning to”.” ？（三）解題指導(dǎo)：1 .返回原文，找出該詞匯出現(xiàn)的地方。2 .確定該詞匯的詞性。3 .從上下文（詞匯的前后幾句）中找到與所給詞匯具有相同詞性的詞（如一下子找不到就再 往上往下找），代入所給詞匯在文章中的位置（將之替換）看語義是否合適。4 .找出選項中與代替詞意思相同或相近的選項，即答案。?注意：1 .如果該詞匯是簡單詞匯，則其字面意思必然不是正確答案。2 .高考閱讀不是考查字認識不認識，而是考查是否能根據(jù)上下文作出正確的判斷。3 .詞匯題的正確答案經(jīng)常蘊藏在原文該詞匯出現(xiàn)的附近。4 .尋找時要注意同位語、

14、特殊標(biāo)點（比如分號，分號前后兩句話的邏輯關(guān)系不是形式上的并 列就是語義上的并列，也就是兩句話的意思相同，所以可用其中一句話的意思來推測另一句話 的意思從而推出所給詞匯含義）；定語從句、前后綴，特別要注意尋找時的同性原則。比如： 讓猜一個名詞詞組（動詞詞組）的意思，我們就向上或向下搜素名詞詞組（動詞詞組）?！镜漕}例析】細節(jié)題：（2011 廣東高考卷） In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggressionin other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I ha

15、ve found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people holddoorsfor me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad becau

16、se those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don t getto see this soft side of others often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindn

17、ess that s in them.26. The author has discovered that people will feel happy when A_.A. they offer their helpB. they receive others helpC. they feel others kindnessD. they show their weakness27. The author feels sad sometimes becauseD .A. he has a soft heartB. he relies much on othersC. some people

18、pretend to be kindD. some people fail to see the kindness in others主旨大意題：E. 2011 廣東高考） In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources （ 資源 ）, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, thepast decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe

19、becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable （ 可持續(xù)的 ） ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its s

20、upply of natural resources.Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. Accordingtoa recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will becomethree times biggerover the next decades. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances i

21、n the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as pal

22、m oil （棕板油）， which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.45. What is the main purpose of the passage?（D）A. To introduce a new business model.B. To compare two business models.C. To predict a change of th

23、e global market.D. To advocate sustainable development.推理判斷題：（2011 廣東高考） The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period I spent searching for briefcase （公文包）and standingbefore my full- length mirror, repeating the words, “Hello, class. I ' m Mr. Davis

24、. ” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, mynerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12-year-old boy.37. What can we learn about the author from Parag

25、raph 2?（C）A. He would be aggressive in his first class.B. He was well-prepared for his first class.C. He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.D. He waited long for the arrival of his first class.詞義猜測題：（2011 廣東高考）Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the samehome?People who are thin

26、king about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a newrecipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young （less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs）, it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly.Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a