人教版八年級(jí)下英語7單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)全解

1、Unit7 What's the highest mountain in the world?一 詞形變換1 deepadj.深的；縱深的-(adv.) deeply 深深地一(n. ) depth 深度；深處2 Asia n.亞洲(n. & adj.) Asian亞洲人；亞洲的3 tour n &o 旅行；旅游 n. tourist 旅行者；觀光者4 achievement n ，成就；成績(jī) (v )achieve 取得；實(shí)觀5 succeed v.實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)；成功 -(n. )success成功-(adj.) successful 成功的6 nature n 自然界；

2、大自然斗-(adj.) natural 自的；天然的weight 重量；分量amazed 感到驚奇的，吃驚的15. in the face of difficulties 面對(duì)困難16. give up doing sth. 放棄做某事17. achieve one ' s dreams 人的夢(mèng)想18. the forces of nature 自然界的力量19. reach the top 到達(dá)頂峰20. even though 雖然；盡管21. at birth 出生時(shí)22. be awake 醒著23. run over w ith excitement 興奮地跑過去24. wa

3、lk into sb. 撞到某人25. fall over 摔倒26. the first person to do sth. 第一個(gè)做某事的人27. every two years 每?jī)赡?8. cut down the forests 砍伐林木7 weigh v. 重量是； 稱的重量 n.8 keeper n 飼養(yǎng)員；保管人 （v ）keep 保持9 awake adj. 醒著斗 （v ）wake 醒；醒來10 amaze v. 驚訝，吃驚amazing 驚奇的，令人驚喜的二 重點(diǎn)短語：1. as big as 與樣大2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的國(guó)

4、家之一3. feel free to do sth. 隨意地做某事4. as far as I know 據(jù)我所知5. man-made objects 人造物體6. part of 的組成部分7. the highest mountain 最高的山脈8. in the world 在世界上9. any other mountain 其他任何一座山10. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中11. run along 跨越12. freezing weather 冰凍的天氣13. take in air 呼吸空氣14. take in 吸入；吞入（體內(nèi)）31. be i

5、n danger 處于危險(xiǎn)之中29. endangered animals 瀕危動(dòng)物30. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊貓?jiān)絹碓缴?2. the importance of saving these animals 拯救這些動(dòng)物的重要性三 重點(diǎn)句型1 . It is -adj. + (for sb. ) to do sth.做某事It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 當(dāng)你接近山頂時(shí)，連呼吸都會(huì)困難。2 . is because 是因?yàn)镺ne of the main reasons is b

6、ecause people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中的一個(gè)主要的原因是人們想在面臨困難時(shí)挑戰(zhàn)自己。3 .show(s) that 顯示出The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.這些登山者的精神向我們證明：我們永遠(yuǎn)都不應(yīng)該放棄實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想。4 . How high/ deep/ is：?多高 / 深？How high is Qomolangma? 珠

7、穆朗瑪峰有多高？5 . Although. ，雖然,但是Although Japan is older than Canada, it is much smaller. 雖然日本比加拿大歷史更悠久，但它比加拿大小多了。6 . sb. spend time/money doing sth.某人花時(shí)間 /錢做Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. 成年大熊貓一天要花12 個(gè)多小時(shí)的時(shí)間吃大約 10 公斤竹子。7 Qomolangma is higher than any other m

8、ountain in the world.=Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.珠穆朗瑪峰比世界上其他任何山都高。/珠穆朗瑪峰是世界上最高的山峰。8 . China has the biggest population in the world.中國(guó)在世界上人口數(shù)量最多。9 . Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world?你知道中國(guó)是世界上最古老的國(guó)家之一嗎？10 Feel free to ask me anything on today s

9、Great Wall tour.在今天的長(zhǎng)城游中，大家盡管問我任何問題，不要拘束。11 As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this就我所知，沒有和它一樣大的其他人造物體了。2/ 912 The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China.喜馬拉雅山脈蜿蜒于中國(guó)的西南部。13 . Even more serious difficuhies include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.更

10、嚴(yán)峻的困難包括極冷的天氣條件和巨大的風(fēng)暴。14 This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.這頭大象比這只熊貓重許多倍。15 . A panda can live up to 20 to 30 years.熊貓能活 20 到 30 年。16 Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests.科學(xué)家們說如今生活在森林里的熊貓不足2000只。17 The babies often die from illnesses and do not

11、 live very long.這些熊貓幼崽經(jīng)常死于疾病并且活不了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。三重點(diǎn)語法1.A物體長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深的表達(dá)法：表示物體的長(zhǎng)寬高深時(shí)，用“數(shù)詞 +單位名稱+形容詞（long, deep, high, wide , tall.）等，如one meter tall, 一米高；如果數(shù)詞超過一，單位名稱要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如 1025 meters deep 1025米深；eg.Yao Ming is over two meters high. The small road is about 100 meterslong and 2 meters wide.B物體的長(zhǎng)寬高深還可用“數(shù)字 +量詞（單數(shù)

12、）+long/wide/tall/high/deep.等表示，各個(gè)詞間用連字符連接，常用做 復(fù)合形式詞，彳前置定語，后需加名詞。eg:Tom is 2 meters tall.=Tom is a two -meter-tall boy.Qomalangma is 8844 meters high.=Qomalangma is an 8844 -meter-high mountain.C大數(shù)的表達(dá)與讀法1000以上的基數(shù)詞的表示法：先從右至左數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)逗點(diǎn)（即以此把數(shù)目分為若干段）。第一個(gè)逗點(diǎn)前的數(shù)為thousand（千），第二個(gè)逗點(diǎn)前的數(shù)為million（百萬），第三個(gè)逗點(diǎn)前的數(shù)為 b

13、illion（十億）。9, 883 nine thousand eight hundred and eighty -three.65,359 sixty -five thousand three hundred and fifty nine.265,468 two hundred and sixty -five thousand four hundred and sixty -eight60,263,150 sixty million two hundred and sixty -three thousand one hundred and fifty.注意：hundred后通常要加上連詞 a

14、nd,若讀數(shù)中沒有 hundred,則在thousand后加andEg:1004 one thousand and four 1054 one thousand and fifty -fourD形容詞副詞規(guī)則變化表情況詞尾變化例詞單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)的形容 詞或副詞直接在詞尾加 er, estsmall,smaller,smallest以-e結(jié)尾的詞加-r,-stlarge,larger,largest以“輔音字母+-y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i,再加-er,-estbusy,busier,busiest結(jié)尾時(shí)重讀閉音節(jié)的詞雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，-er,-estbig,bigger,biggest多音節(jié)

15、或部分雙音節(jié)形容詞原級(jí)前加 more,mostoutgoing-more outgoing-most outgoing Popular-more popular-most popular由動(dòng)詞+ed/ing構(gòu)成的形容詞原級(jí)前加 more,mostinteresting-more interesting-most interesting bored-more bored-most bored形容詞+后綴-ly構(gòu)成的副詞原級(jí)前加more,mostslowly-more slowly-most slowly happily-more happily-most happily不規(guī)則變化形容詞比較級(jí)最t

16、Wj級(jí)good;wellbetterbestmany;muchmoremostbad;badly;illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)形容詞變化方法:在原級(jí)形容詞前加 more變?yōu)楸容^級(jí)，加most變?yōu)樽罡呒?jí)。例如:Important -more important-most importantpopular-more popular-most populardifficult -more difficult -most diffic

17、ultcarefully -more carefully -most carefully4 / 9注意：有少數(shù)單音節(jié)形容詞，通常用加more,most的方法構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，如 pleased,glad,tried等形容詞與副詞比較級(jí)的用法1常用句型：(1) They have more oranges than us./Tom runs faster than Tom.主謂 + 比較級(jí) +than+ 比較對(duì)像(2) Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 主謂 + 比較級(jí) +than any other+ 單數(shù)名詞，指一個(gè)人或物比同

18、一范 圍內(nèi)的任何其他一個(gè)都 。(3) Jack is the thinner of the two brothers.主謂+the+比較級(jí)+of the two+.,表示主語是兩者中較 的那個(gè)，是特指的 情況。(4) The比較級(jí)+句子，the比較級(jí)+句子，越，就越，表示兩個(gè)過程按同比例同時(shí)增減。The harder you study, the better grades you你學(xué)習(xí)越努l的et就越能取得好成績(jī)。(5) 比較級(jí)+比較級(jí)，表示越來越， harder and harder.注意：多音節(jié)詞及部分雙音節(jié)形容詞或副詞用于此結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要用“more and more+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)。T

19、he city is becoming more and more beautiful.2 比較級(jí)前可用 far,even,a lot,a little, a bit, much 等修飾，表示程度進(jìn)一步加深。I m a little taller than her. 我比她高一點(diǎn)兒。形容詞與副詞最高級(jí)用法最高級(jí)常用于三者或三者以上的人或事(物)之間的比較。在表示最高程度，即表示其中一個(gè)在某方面”最. 時(shí)使用。使用時(shí)，形容詞前最高級(jí)通常要加the,句中常含有表示比較范圍的介詞of或in; of后一般接表示一群人或事物的代詞或名詞， in 后一般接表示單位或場(chǎng)所的名詞。常用句型：(1) 1) Bi

20、ll is the thinnest boy of us. /Kate studies ( the) hardest in our class主謂+(the)+最高級(jí)+in/of表示在某一范圍內(nèi)或某類人或物中最(2) The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 長(zhǎng)江是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。主謂+one ofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of,表示是最的之一。(3) Li Ming is the second tallest boy in our class. 李明是我們班第二高的男孩。主謂+the+序數(shù)詞+形

21、容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+in/of，表示是第的( 4 ) Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun? 月亮、地球和太陽哪個(gè)最大？Who sings best, Jim, Tom or Tim? 誰唱歌最好，吉姆、湯姆還是蒂姆？疑問詞+謂語動(dòng)詞+ (the)+最高級(jí)，A、B、C?是最高級(jí)的選擇疑問問。意為在 “ ABC，最？注意：副詞最高級(jí)前的the可以省略；最高級(jí)前有名詞所有格或物主代詞時(shí)，不用 the. She is my best friend.她是我 最好的朋友；表示非常的 most 前不用加 the. He is a most

22、interesting man.四 知識(shí)點(diǎn)：1. China has the biggest population in the world.(1)population n. 人口；人口數(shù)量，是一個(gè)集合名詞常與定冠詞 the 連用，單獨(dú)做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式 .The world s population is larger and larger.(2)分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾population 時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)About sixty percent of the population in China are farmers.(3)表示人口的多與少時(shí)，用large、 big 或

23、 small(4)詢問人口時(shí)用 What's the population of？It's about 1.4 billion.(5) 某地有多少人口時(shí)，用“ have/has a population of+ 數(shù)字” 或“ The population is + 數(shù)字”China has a pupulation of about 1.3 billion.=The population of China is about 1.3 billion.中國(guó)大約有13億人口。2 .feel free to do sth.意為：可以隨便做某事feel free to eat dinne

24、r here anytime.3 ancient 與 01d 區(qū)分ancient更強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)歷的年代久遠(yuǎn)并且或多或少有點(diǎn)歷史價(jià)值，而01d 一般指年齡大的或者一個(gè)東西陳舊的老掉牙的.4 . protect v.保護(hù) protection n.保護(hù) protect from/against為“保護(hù)、免受”eg. He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.under the protection of 在 一 的保護(hù)下The people are under the protection of their

25、 country.5 . as far as意為"就 而言，像，正如“eg. As far as I can see, that isn' t a real dog.as far as I know 據(jù)我所知 As far as I know, the Yangze River is the longest river in China.as fas as I can see 據(jù)我所見 .6 . thickHis dictionary is thick. 厚的 a thick forest 茂密的森林 密集的 a thick tree 粗壯的樹7 include v.包含、包

26、括 The price includes house and furniture.included adj. 般位于名詞或代詞之后做后置定語Everyone is here, me included.including 與名詞、代詞一起形成介詞短語Everyone is here, including me.8 . freeze v.結(jié)冰，結(jié)凍 Water freezes below freezing.冰點(diǎn)以下水結(jié)冰。freezing adj. 極冷的， 冰凍的 It was freezing cold that morning.freezing n. 冰點(diǎn) eg. frozen adj. I

27、 don't like to eat frozen food.9 The first Chinese team did so in 1960, while the first woman to succeed was JunkoTabei from Japan in 1975. 中國(guó)登山 隊(duì)于1960年首次登頂，而來自日本的田部井淳子在 1975年成為第一個(gè)成功的女登山者。while除做當(dāng).時(shí)講引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，還可做作并列連詞用，意思為“而，然而”，表前后意義上的對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折。10 . take in吸入，吞入；接受eg. He had nowhere to live, so we t

28、ook him in. Shall we go out to take in fresh air?11 .succeed vi.成功 succeed in doing sth. The boy succeeded in passing the exam.12. challengev.挑戰(zhàn) challenge sb. to (do) sth.向某人挑戰(zhàn)做某事He challenged me to play chess.他向我挑戰(zhàn)下象棋。n. 挑戰(zhàn) eg. accept the challenge13. face n. 面孑L, 臉孑Lin the face of 意為 “面對(duì) （問題、 困難）&

29、quot; He showed great bravery in the face of danger. v.面對(duì)，面朝 face the challenge14. achieve v.達(dá)成，實(shí)現(xiàn)eg. achieve one's+.（dream/ success/ victory/aim）Everyone should be given the chance to achieve their aims. achievement n. 成績(jī)，成就與 come true 區(qū)分achieve常用作及物動(dòng)詞，主語是人，其賓語可以是“實(shí)現(xiàn)”的目標(biāo)，目的等；也可以是“取得”的勝利、成 功、地位等

30、。come true不及物動(dòng)詞短語；其主語是希望、愿望、夢(mèng)想等，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。achieve our dreams = make our dream come true.show動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用短語：表展示，給.看，show sb around a place,帶領(lǐng)某人參觀某地。show off炫耀。15. force n.力量 the force of nature 自然的力量v.強(qiáng)迫、迫使 force sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事They forced him to leave the small town.16 .nature n.大自然、自然界They stopped to

31、 enjoy the beauty of nature.natural adj.自然的， 天生的 The country ' s natural resources include forest, coal and oi.個(gè)國(guó)家的自然資源包 括森林、煤和石油He is a natural musician.他是一個(gè)天生的音樂家。17 . weigh意為"重量是 ”，此處為系動(dòng)詞He weighs 60 kilos.他重60公斤。How much does it weigh? 它有多重？weigh,及物動(dòng)詞：稱 的重量。He weighed the fish.他稱了這條魚。we

32、ight un.不可數(shù)名詞：What' s the weight of the sheep?18 . The elephant weighs many times more than this panda.這是一個(gè)含有比較級(jí)的句子，表示倍數(shù)。其結(jié)構(gòu)為“倍數(shù) +比較級(jí)+than”，表示“比（大/小/長(zhǎng)/短）幾倍”This box is three times bigger than that one.這個(gè)盒子是那個(gè)盒子的三倍大。19 . at birth出生時(shí)，在句中通常做時(shí)間狀語He weighed eight pounds at birth.她出生時(shí)重 8磅。20 .research

33、 un/cn, un.時(shí)居多，研究、調(diào)查，research的復(fù)數(shù)形式通常不與 many或數(shù)詞連用do/make/carry out research in/on/into/for+ 研究?jī)?nèi)容Please make a research into the cause of the plane crash.21 .awake 與 wakeawake adj.作表語不能作定語，反義詞 asleep意為"睡著的"Is he awake?wake v. What time do you wake up?22 prepare sth for sb.是固定用法：意為：”為 準(zhǔn)備.”I &

34、#39; ll prepare some drinks and snacks for you.prepare for 為 做準(zhǔn)備" The students are busy preparing for the final exam. 學(xué)生們正忙于為期末考試做準(zhǔn)備。23 . or so=about/around or so意為大約，位于數(shù)詞或表示時(shí)間名詞之后；而about/around表大約時(shí)，常放在數(shù)詞或表示時(shí)間的名詞之前。Eg. It took them 3years or so to build this road.= It took them about/around 3years to build this road.another意為另一，又一；常放在數(shù)詞之前，而 other表示“另一”時(shí)，則放在數(shù)詞之后。another+基數(shù)詞+名詞