語法復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)：定語從句

1、在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句叫定語從句; ;相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞的作用。相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞的作用。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞先行詞。 連接先行詞和從句的詞叫做連接先行詞和從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞eg: Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用1 1、引導(dǎo)作用、引導(dǎo)作用

2、2 2、替代作用、替代作用 3 3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某個成分的作用、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某個成分的作用eg 1 Those who want to go please sign your names here. 2 This is the house where he was born. 3 Bill, who was here yesterday, asked me a lot of questions.關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代關(guān)系的指代關(guān)系在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物指物時，關(guān)系時，關(guān)系詞可用詞可用w

3、hich或或that，二者常可以互換；二者常可以互換；但在下列情況中，只能用但在下列情況中，只能用that，不用不用which： (1) 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all, a lot, few, much, none, anything, nothing等或等或被不定代詞被不定代詞all, any, no, much, little, few, every所修飾時。所修飾時。 All that can be done has been done. We heard clearly every word that he said. (2) 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時。當(dāng)先行詞

4、是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時。 The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets. (3) 當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級所修飾時級所修飾時 Is that the best that you can do? (4) 當(dāng)先行詞被當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修飾時。等所修飾時。 This is the very book that I want to find. (5) 當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時 She d

5、escribed in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most. (6) 當(dāng)主句是以當(dāng)主句是以which/who開頭的特殊疑問句時開頭的特殊疑問句時Which is the car that killed the boy? Who is the girl that is talking there?(7) 在在there be 句型結(jié)構(gòu)中句型結(jié)構(gòu)中 There is still a point that I cant understand.(8) 定語從句中缺少表語時定語從句中缺少表語時 China is n

6、ot the country that it used to be.在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指人人時，時，關(guān)系詞可用關(guān)系詞可用who(m)或或that，二者?？苫Q。二者常可互換。 但在下列情況中，但在下列情況中，用用who(m)，而不用而不用that： (1) 當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody 等詞時等詞時 He was among the few who managed to live through the enem

7、y prison camp. 注：在非正式文體中可以說：注：在非正式文體中可以說： Youre the one that knows where to go. (2) 當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是he, they, those, people, person等詞等詞時時He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet. 注：在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語或習(xí)語中，可用注：在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語或習(xí)語中，可用he that He that promises too much means nothing. (3) 當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語修飾時。當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語

8、修飾時。 Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting? (4) 在在分隔式分隔式定語從句中，若先行詞指人，為了定語從句中，若先行詞指人，為了明確修飾關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)用明確修飾關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)用who(m)。如：。如： A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. I was the only person in my office who was invited. (5) 兩個定語從句同時修飾一個指人的先行詞，兩個定語

9、從句同時修飾一個指人的先行詞，第二個定語從句常用第二個定語從句常用who(m)來引導(dǎo)，如：來引導(dǎo)，如： She is the only girl (that) I know who can play the guitar. whenwhere / in whichwhy / for which(1)限制性定語從句說明先行詞的情況，對先行限制性定語從句說明先行詞的情況，對先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號隔開，用逗號隔開，也不可省略也不可省略，否則全句意義就不，否則全句意義就不完整。完整。 This is the telegram whic

10、h he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? (2)非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞作非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞作補(bǔ)充說明補(bǔ)充說明，沒有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因沒有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因而不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完而不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時要有停頓，在文字中通常整。這種從句在朗讀時要有停頓，在文字中通常用逗號與主句隔開。用逗號與主句隔開。This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. (

11、3)兩種定語從句的內(nèi)涵不同，限制性定語從句具兩種定語從句的內(nèi)涵不同，限制性定語從句具有有涉他性涉他性，而非限制性定語從句具有，而非限制性定語從句具有唯一性唯一性，這在理解和翻譯時應(yīng)特別注意。這在理解和翻譯時應(yīng)特別注意。 His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一個）（只有一個） His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一個）（不止一個） 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞有：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞有：who, whom, whose, which, a

12、s, when 和和 where不可以用不可以用that和和why 另外，非限制性定語從句從意義上講，相當(dāng)于一個并列另外，非限制性定語從句從意義上講，相當(dāng)于一個并列句，在口語中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人們通常句，在口語中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人們通常用并列句或簡單句來表達(dá)。用并列句或簡單句來表達(dá)。I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as可以引導(dǎo)限制性和非限制性

13、定語從可以引導(dǎo)限制性和非限制性定語從句，句，as在從句中作在從句中作主語、賓語或表語主語、賓語或表語；引導(dǎo)限；引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句常用于下列句式：制性定語從句常用于下列句式：such+名詞名詞+asso+形容詞形容詞+名詞名詞+asthe same+名詞名詞+as像像一樣的，像一樣的，像之類的之類的和和同樣的同樣的This is such a difficult problem as nobody in my class can work out.This is such a difficult problem that nobody in my class can work it out.Th

14、is is so difficult a problem that nobody in my class can work it out. 定語從句定語從句狀語從句狀語從句狀語從句狀語從句Your dictionary is the same one as I bought the other day.The dictionary is the same one that I lent you. 不是同一本不是同一本同一本書同一本書考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用在選擇引導(dǎo)詞時，重要的是分析一下定語在選擇引導(dǎo)詞時，重要的是分析一下定語從句的成分，從句的成分，若從句若

15、從句缺缺主語、賓語、表語，必須用主語、賓語、表語，必須用關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞若從句中若從句中不缺不缺主語、賓語或表語，必須用主語、賓語或表語，必須用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞a This is the place _ he works. This is the place _ we visited last year.b That was the time _ he arrived. Do you still remember the days _ we spent together?c This is the reason _ he went. The reason _ he gave us was qu

16、ite reasonable.d His father works in a factory _ radio parts are made. His father works in a factory _ makes radio parts. where / in which(which/that)when(which/that)why / for which(which/that)wherewhich/that考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句【1】當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時，關(guān)系代詞】當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時，關(guān)系代詞 只能用只能用which / whom /

17、 whose In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. Recently I bought an vase, the price of which was very reasonable. Mr Smith, in whose department she worked, came to see her.【2】“復(fù)合介詞短語復(fù)合介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞” 這種結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句常與先行詞用都逗號這種結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句常與先行詞用都逗號分開，從句常用分開，從句常用倒裝語序倒裝

18、語序 He lived in a big house, in front of which _(聳立一棵大樹聳立一棵大樹).【3】介詞】介詞+which / whom+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)不定式結(jié)構(gòu) The poor man has no house in which to live.= The poor man has no house to live in.= The poor man has no house in which he can live.a big tall treestood 1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking?2.

19、I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.3. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.to whomwith whichon whichThis is the child who/ whom/ that I will look after.5. 譯：這是我要照顧的小孩。譯：這是我要照顧的小孩。4. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar with.which / that / 不填不填7. (06浙江浙江) I wa

20、s given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which6. I recognized the boss in company my sister was working. whose做題技巧做題技巧?3. _ is known to all, he is the best student.4. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. Aswhichastha

21、twhich1. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.2. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.asthat考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 as的用法的用法歸納歸納：as引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句限制性定語從句先行詞前常被先行詞前常被such, the same, so, as 修飾，即構(gòu)成修飾，即構(gòu)成suchas , the same as, soas, 結(jié)構(gòu)，做題時容易忽略。結(jié)構(gòu)，做題時容易忽略。as在定語從句中應(yīng)充當(dāng)成分：主語、賓語或表語。在定語從句中應(yīng)充當(dāng)成分：主語、賓語或表語。as 與與which引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)非限制

22、性定語從句非限制性定語從句都能指代整句都能指代整句內(nèi)容內(nèi)容，但定語從句位于，但定語從句位于句首句首時，只能用時，只能用 as, 意為意為“正如正如、恰如恰如”。 as多用于一些習(xí)慣用語中：多用于一些習(xí)慣用語中：as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那樣正如人人都能看到的那樣as is well known = as is known to all 眾所周知眾所周知as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣as often happens 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣as has been said before 如上所述如上所述as

23、 is mentioned above 正如上面提到的正如上面提到的當(dāng)主句中出現(xiàn)當(dāng)主句中出現(xiàn)such 或或so 時時,看后面從句看后面從句(1)缺缺主語或賓語主語或賓語,從句前用從句前用as(2)不缺不缺主語和賓語主語和賓語,從句前用從句前用that當(dāng)主句中出現(xiàn)當(dāng)主句中出現(xiàn)the same時時, 后面從句缺主語后面從句缺主語或賓語時與或賓語時與as搭配表搭配表同一類同一類事物事物,與與that搭配搭配表表同一個同一個事物事物做題技巧做題技巧?是否缺主語或賓語是否缺主語或賓語:考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4 the way為先行詞為先行詞The way _ you thought of to solve the p

24、roblem is wonderful.A which B in which C whom D whoseI dont like _ you learn English.A the way B the way in thatC the way which D the way of which1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步了。我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步了。國家

25、正處在隨時有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭的局勢中。國家正處在隨時有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭的局勢中。 where引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是 表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，但也有特殊情況。表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，但也有特殊情況?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5一些特殊詞之后的一些特殊詞之后的where解析：如果定語從句分別修飾解析：如果定語從句分別修飾point, situation, part, condition和和case等表示抽象意義的詞，常用等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where 引引導(dǎo)，意思是導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中到了某種地步，在某種境況中” 。1.We are trying to reach a p

26、oint _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山東）山東） A. which B. that C. where D. when2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . （06江西）江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /高考題鏈接：高考題鏈接：做題要靈活：要分析句子成分，選擇做題要靈活：要分析句子成分，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。 1. We feed children

27、 _are hungry. A whom we think B who we think C we think who D we think whom2. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A which I think is B which I think it is C which I think it D I think which it is考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)6 注意插入語注意插入語考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)7 定語從句中的主謂一致定語從句中的主謂一致1 I, who _ your husband, sho

28、uld be responsible for you. (be)2 He is one of the students who _ been to America. He is the (only) one of the students who _ been to America. (have)3 To own a computer in families, which we thought_ impossible 20 years ago, now becomes true. (be)amhavehaswas考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)8 what 與與 定語從句引導(dǎo)詞定語從句引導(dǎo)詞which/that1 F

29、inally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A which B what C whatever D that2 He came late again, _ made his teacher very angry. _ made the teacher angry was that he came late again. _ made the teacher angry that he came late again. A it B what C whichCBA1 Ill do everything al

30、l /everything I can _ you. A help B to help2 They spent as much time as they could_ on the project. A work B working3 After a heated discussion, they agreed on the way I thought of _ the problem. A solve B solving C to solve4 The letter Im looking forward to _ this morning. A arrived B arriving C ar

31、rive The theory they stuck to_ right. A proving B proved C was proved考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)9 與定語從句有關(guān)的句子與定語從句有關(guān)的句子5 He often speaks of the trouble he _ helping the orphan. He often speaks of the trouble he _ to help the orphan. A had B founded C taken D took6. With everything she needed _ , she went home. A buy B to b

32、uy C bought考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)9 與定語從句有關(guān)的句子與定語從句有關(guān)的句子hadtook8 There are 55 students in their class, most of _ are boys.9 There are 55 students in their class, most of them _ boys. 10 There are 55 students in their class _ most of them are boys. wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this li

33、brary_I borrowed the book. where定語從句定語從句that強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句型定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when 近年來，高考對定語從句和其它從句如：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、近年來，高考對定語從句和其它從句如：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、名詞性從句和狀語從句等的綜合考查越來越多，這就要名詞性從句和狀語從句等的綜合考查越來越多，這就要求考生有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識和較強(qiáng)的綜合分析能力。求考生有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識和較強(qiáng)的

34、綜合分析能力?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)10 綜合考查綜合考查定語從句與同位語從句定語從句與同位語從句1. We all have heard the news_ our team won.2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.that (that/which)定語從句與表語從句定語從句與表語從句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江蘇）江蘇） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which that/which不能無先行詞不能無先行詞找準(zhǔn)先行詞找準(zhǔn)先行詞看成分判斷關(guān)系詞看成分判斷關(guān)系詞（主要看在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分）（主要看在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分）1. We should go to the place_ we are most needed.2. We should go to the place_ n