高考英語(yǔ)完形填空詞義辨析題

1、詞義辨析要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)鞏固詞義辨析考查的面廣，該內(nèi)容也是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)難題，欲覓簡(jiǎn)明準(zhǔn)確的解釋并非易 事，考生在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)首先應(yīng)掌握其基本意思，再結(jié)合特定的語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行比較。有鑒于此，我們將 在教學(xué)中所積累的并結(jié)合高考試題，給考生提供中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中常見的同義詞（語(yǔ)），易混詞（語(yǔ)）及相似句型等方面的指點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)中的同義詞（語(yǔ)），易混詞（語(yǔ)）及相似句型之間的區(qū)別，有的屬英漢語(yǔ)意差別，有的屬不同搭配表達(dá)意義不同，有的屬搭配不同表達(dá)意義相同，有的 屬語(yǔ)氣輕重有別，有的則屬搭配范圍和習(xí)慣不同等等。因此我們只能把重點(diǎn)放在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué) 習(xí)過程中常見的易混、易錯(cuò)之處，不求面面俱到，只求對(duì)癥下藥，說清為止。例題剖析例12 . Ji

2、m passed the driving test,surprised everyone in the office. A. which B. that C. this D. it剖析：該題為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故用which.正確答案為A.3 .The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without his notes.A. bring up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on剖析：此題考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別， 這四個(gè)短語(yǔ)的基本

3、意義為：bring up養(yǎng)育、提出；吐出"，refer to論及、說到、談到、提及；參考、參閱、參照 "，look for尋找、尋求"try on試穿；試戴”， 根據(jù)題義： 經(jīng)理在商務(wù)會(huì)議上講了一個(gè)小時(shí)沒看講稿”。應(yīng)選Bo6 .- Ow! I ' ve burnt myself!-I a hot pot.A. touched B. kept C. felt D. held剖析：touch觸摸”， keep保持" feel感覺” hold拿著"，所給的語(yǔ)境是 燙傷”故選A , 因?yàn)橛|摸，才可能燙傷。7 .The old tower mus

4、t be saved,the cost.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever剖析：題義：無論什么樣的代價(jià)，這座古塔一定要拯救。"whatever可表示，無論什么" whichever無論哪個(gè) ”。9 .The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it bevery slow.A. should B. must C. willD. can剖析：此題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，should應(yīng)該"，must 一定&quo

5、t;，will將會(huì)、總是“，can可能”，根據(jù)題義"因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)可能會(huì)很慢?！惫蔬xD。10 .-People should stop using their cars and start using public transport.-.The roads are too crowed as it is.A. All right B. Exactly C. Go ahead D. Fine剖析：此題考查交際用語(yǔ)在一定語(yǔ)境中的應(yīng)用。all right不錯(cuò)；好啊"， exactly （用于對(duì)答）正是、一點(diǎn)不錯(cuò)”，go ahead前進(jìn)，（催促對(duì)方）先請(qǐng)"， fine好的、棒

6、的”，根據(jù)題義，表示對(duì)對(duì)方所說的完全同意，乙點(diǎn)不錯(cuò)，正是”之意，故選Bo13.My mother always gets a bit if we don' t arrive when we say we will.A. anxious B. ashamed C. weak D. patient剖析：題義 如果我們沒有在我們所說的時(shí)間到達(dá)，父母就會(huì)著急?！惫蔬x：A16.1 am sure David will be able to find the library- he has a pretty good of direction.A. idea B. feeling C. exper

7、ience D. sense剖析：idea主意、想法”，feeling感覺、情感"，experience經(jīng)歷、經(jīng)驗(yàn)"，sense感覺、辨別 力、判斷力”，a good sense of direction方向感很強(qiáng)”。故選 D。19.1 couldn ' t. The line was busy.A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through剖析：此題考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別。go by走過、流逝”，go around四處走走"，get in進(jìn)入、收集" get through（用于電話等）聯(lián)絡(luò)到從下句 線

8、路很忙”，故選D。20.We' ve been looking at houses but haven' t found we like yet.A. one B. ones C. it D. them剖析：此題考查代詞的區(qū)別。題義 我們一直在看房子，但還沒找到我們所喜歡的一套（房子）。答案為A,此處的one相當(dāng)于a house,而ones相當(dāng)于houses, it和them應(yīng)指上文提到的同類 同物。又如 ：Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,I will always treas

9、ure. （2002 NMET 35）A. that B. one C. it D. what答案為one相當(dāng)于a momento意為：,我將永遠(yuǎn)珍惜的時(shí)刻”。例2.22. No one helped me. I did it all myself.A. for B. by C. from D. to剖析：考查介詞的區(qū)別。根據(jù)題義 沒人幫助我，我獨(dú)自做的 by oneself獨(dú)自地”，for oneself替/為自己”。故選B。23. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game.A. why B. what C. w

10、ho D. that剖析：“Mary寫了一篇關(guān)于為什么球隊(duì)沒有獲勝的文章故選A。25. We haven ' t enough books for; some of yoUlwiiave to share.A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody剖析： 我們沒有給每人一本這么多的書，有些只能共同使用。" everyone與否定詞not連用表示部分否定， 并非都 "。故選Co另外all, both, always, every以及every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不 定代詞等，與not連用也表示部分否定。26. Tom, you l

11、eave all your clothes on the floor like this.A. wouldn ' t B. mustn ' t C. needn ' t D. may not剖析：答案為B。此題為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式。wouldn' t不會(huì)"，mustn' t不準(zhǔn)、不得"，needn'杯"必“，may not不可以27.They wanted to charge $ 5,000 for the car,we managed to bring the price down.A. but B. so C. w

12、hen D. since剖析：此題為連詞，根據(jù)題義表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故選 Ao31.-Oh, dear! I' ve just broken a window.-.It can ' t be helped.A. Never mind B. All right C. That ' s fine D. Not at all剖析：此題為交際用語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。Nevermind不要緊、沒關(guān)系 "，All right （表示同意） 好、可以“，That' s fine很好”，Not at all （用來回答thank you）表示 不用謝"。故選A。（ It can

13、 be helped.= We must accept it.你已經(jīng)把它打碎了，沒辦法彌補(bǔ)了。）實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練選詞填空1. alone / lonely Let him. I shall have a companion in the house after all these years.答案：alone , lonely辨析：alone可以用作形容詞或副詞，作形容詞時(shí)，只能在句子中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用來陳述單獨(dú)一人，無其他人”這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)。lonely只能用作形容詞，在句子中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)或 定語(yǔ)，指人時(shí)，作孤獨(dú)的、寂寞的”解；指地方時(shí)作 荒涼的、人跡稀少的”解。2. accept / recei

14、veMary a gift from a friend, but she didn' t seem to it.答案:received, accept辨析：accept表示主觀上 樂意接受"；receive表示客觀上 收到某物"。但receive education （接受教育），receive guests （接見客人）。3. means / way / method Thoughts are expressed by of speech. He always speaks in a careless. He worked out the maths proble

15、m with a different.答案： means, way, method辨析：這三個(gè)詞都可以解釋為方法、方式、手段”。means前用介詞by;其后用of+名詞或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。way作 方法”講時(shí)，前面可用介詞in。method 一般指"（系統(tǒng)的）一套方法 或方式”，前面用介詞with.4.other / others / the other / the others / another We study Chinese, maths, English and lessons. I don ' t wanh ts one. Please give me. She

16、 has two children. One is a boy,is a girl. Some are singing and dancing, some are drawing,and are climbing the hill. There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls. are boys.答案：other; another; the other; others; The others辨析：other作前置定語(yǔ)，修飾單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞。another用于泛指三者以上的不定數(shù)目中的另一個(gè)“。the oth

17、er表示兩者中的 另一個(gè)”或兩部分中的 另一部分”，是特指。others用作代詞， 泛指 其他人”或 其它物"。the others指整體中除去一部分后，剩余的全部。5.1 nstead / instead of If you are too busy, you may come another day. If you have no time, I ' ll go you.答案：instead; instead of辨析：instead是副詞，意思是 代替,頂替”，通常被放在句尾，也可放在句首。instead of是介詞詞組，意思除了汰替”外還有 而不是”之意。6.occu

18、r / happen / take place An idea suddenly to me. The car accident yesterday. I to be out when you came here. Great changes have in my home town.答案：occurred; happened/occurred; happened; taken place辨析：occur屬較正式的用語(yǔ)。它可指一件偶然事件的發(fā)生”；也可指在一定的時(shí)間發(fā)生”、出現(xiàn)”一定的事件，它還可以表示抽象事物，如思想等的產(chǎn)生”，其后接to sb.時(shí)，常作 想起“、想到"解。happ

19、en屬普通用語(yǔ)，常用來表示偶然事件的發(fā)生”。其后接不定式或用在“Ithappened that句型中的時(shí)候，作恰好"、碰巧"、偶然"解。take place也作 發(fā)生“解，但一般沒有偶然的意味。它更常用來指一個(gè)預(yù)先安排好的事情的發(fā)生”，常作舉行”解。7.wish / hope I it will be fine tomorrow. I you success. I it would be fine tomorrow. He sent me an e-mail,to get further information.答案：hope; wish; wish; hopin

20、g辨析：這兩個(gè)詞使用的句型不同（如）。hope所表示的愿望一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)，wish所表示的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大。wish接從句時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。8.include / contain The price the postage. The parcel a dictionary.答案：includes; contained辨析：兩者均有 包含"、包括"之意。但include表示所包含之物中的一部分；contain指所包含之物的全部或部分，也可表示某一種物質(zhì)中含有什么成分。9 .damage / destroy Don' t do anything that the rela

21、tion between the two countries. In 1941,the Germans tried to the city of St.Petersburg.答案：damages; destroy辨析：damage意為 損害"、損壞”，其破壞程度比destroy?。籨estroy意為 摧毀“、毀壞”、 破壞”，含有徹底或嚴(yán)重毀壞，以至不復(fù)存在、無法修復(fù)、無法工作或使用之意。10 .worth / worthy-How much is this old book?-It ' s worth $30. Is this book reading once again

22、? This book is of being read.答案： worth; worth; worthy辨析：worth只作表語(yǔ)，其后一般跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞，若跟不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，用“Itisworthwhile to do/doing 結(jié)構(gòu);"worthy可作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后可跟“of名詞或doing的被動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式”，作定語(yǔ)是，意為有價(jià)值的，可敬的，相稱的ll.believe / believe in I what he said. They God.答案：believe; believe in辨析：believe作及物動(dòng)詞是，其后可跟名詞，表示相信”；后

23、接從句或復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示認(rèn)為；料想；相信”等。believe in是一個(gè)動(dòng)介型短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表示 信奉；信仰（指對(duì)某種思想、 主張、觀念、行動(dòng)具有信心）”和信任（have trust in）”。12 .cost / pay / spend / take The furniture（me） 6,000 yuan altogether. Careless driving may you your life. I$15 for the dictionary. How much （What） do you on clothes each year? It（us） a whole day to paint

24、the house.答案：cost; cost; paid; spend; took辨析：cost價(jià)值為，值（錢）”，以物作主語(yǔ)，可跟雙賓語(yǔ)或只跟直接賓語(yǔ)。pay花費(fèi)，支付（金錢）"，同spend一樣以人作主語(yǔ)，但常與 for, to do搭配，其后可跟賓語(yǔ)、單賓語(yǔ)或不跟賓語(yǔ)。spend花費(fèi)（金錢）”，與on, for連用，義同pay for;花'費(fèi)（時(shí)間）"，與on,（in）doing 連用；度過（時(shí)光）"。take需要，必要”，常以（做）某事為主語(yǔ)，以時(shí)間做賓語(yǔ)或跟雙賓 語(yǔ)，常用在 "It takes sb some time to do s

25、th.的句型中。13 .besides / except / but / except for Your composition was well written a few spelling mistakes. She helps to cook and wash looking after the baby. He has done everything what I asked him to do. No one knows Mr. Benson ' saddress his daughter. We go to the night club it is raining.答案：e

26、xcept for; besides; except; except /but; except when辨析：but和except都表示 除之外，沒有“，兩者大多數(shù)情況下可以互換，但在no, all,nobody, nothing, no one等詞后多用 but。except表示從整體上減去一部分，而besides還包括除去的那部分，相當(dāng)于in addition to。except for意為 除了之外"，用于排除非同類事物，其中for表示理由或細(xì)節(jié)，訂正或修正某些事實(shí)。except that用做連詞，后跟從句，根據(jù)從句的需要也可用 except when, except wher

27、e 等。14 .raise / rise / lift She and left. He his voice to make himself heard clearly. The rock is too heavy to.答案：rose; raised; lift辨析：raise是及物動(dòng)詞，意為 舉起，抬起"，是lift的同義詞，兩者有時(shí)可以互換，只是 lift 比raise更口語(yǔ)化，更強(qiáng)調(diào)提重物時(shí)的費(fèi)力情況，多指將某物舉成垂直狀態(tài)。rise意為 升起，提高，起立"，是不及物動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，表示站起來；主語(yǔ)物時(shí)，表示某物本身移動(dòng)到較 高的位置或是由底向高變化的過程。15 .common / ordinary / general Clods are in winter. His supper consists of only bread and milk. This book is intended for the reader, not for the specialist.答案：common; ordinary; general辨析：common強(qiáng)調(diào)