高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦 專題突破解題策略6 閱讀理解之寫作目的與觀點態(tài)度題 新人教版必修3-新人教版高三必修3英語試題

1、路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索吾將上下而求索走向高考走向高考 英語英語人教版人教版 高考總復(fù)習(xí)高考總復(fù)習(xí)專題突破解題策略專題突破解題策略(六六)必修三必修三第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦寫作意圖題與觀點態(tài)度題也是閱讀理解中常見的題目，且難度較大，它主要考查考生是否了解文章作者或文中人物對某事物所持的觀點或態(tài)度，考生是否能在掌握主旨大意的情況下了解作者寫作目的是什么。分析掌握作者的寫作目的也是準(zhǔn)確把握文章主題的功能之一。近幾年高考題中這兩種類型的題目呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢，考生不能忽略它們的比重。閱讀理解之寫作目的與觀點態(tài)度題1.寫作意圖類 寫作意圖推斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣

2、測作者的寫作意圖及作者運用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時還要具備對作者闡述問題的方法進(jìn)行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力。 一般來說，我們可以通過分析文章的文體特點，理解作者的詞句選擇和識別文章的語氣來推斷出作者的寫作意圖。典例1(2015浙江高考C)If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as

3、 visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜間活動的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the suns light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us dont think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet its the only way to explain

4、 what weve done to the night: Weve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light. The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequencescalled light pollutionwhose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which al

5、lows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Illdesigned lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levelsand light rhythmsto which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of

6、life is affected.In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze(霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark.Weve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nightdark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earthis wholly be

7、yond our experience，beyond memory almost.Weve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁鐵)The effec

8、t is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light l

9、evels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential t

10、o our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.Living in a glare of our own making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritagethe light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true

11、 place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Waythe edge of our galaxyarching overhead.52The writer mentions birds and frogs to _.Aprovide examples of animal protectionBshow how light pollution affects animals Cc

12、ompare the living habits of both species Dexplain why the number of certain species has declined解析B文章介紹了光污染對于動物和人類的影響，呼吁我們反思我們的行為。根據(jù)第二段第一句話“The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences 這項工程帶來好處的同時也帶來了壞處”和最后一句，“Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life

13、 is affected”， 此句意為無論光灑在什么地方，生活都會受到一些影響。 所以答案是show how light pollution affects animals說明光污染影響動物。典例2(2015天津高考D)Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice Ive ever had: Be bold and br

14、aveand mighty (強(qiáng)大的) forces will come to your aid.So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilitiesand youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.55What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?ATo encourage people to be courageous.BTo advise people to build up physical

15、 power.CTo tell people the ways to guarantee success.DTo recommend people to develop more abilities.解析A本文是一篇議論文。作者聯(lián)系自己的經(jīng)歷說明了大膽的重要性，并鼓勵人們有勇氣和膽量。 典例3(2015重慶B)In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern busine

16、sses have been following his lead with more tactics(策略).When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make decision in the first few seconds upon walking in the door, and turn it into a business opportunity. A California builder design

17、ed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the pool through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses.43What is the main purpo

18、se of the passage?ATo explain how businesses turn people into their customers.BTo introduce how businesses have grown from the past.CTo report researches on customer behavior.DTo show dishonest business practices.解析A本文在解釋為什么要把水果放在店里的最顯眼的位置，目的是促進(jìn)后面的商業(yè)交易，故選A項。2觀點態(tài)度類態(tài)度傾向推斷題旨在考查考生是否了解作者或文中人物對某人/事物所持的觀點或

19、態(tài)度，它要求考生具有在正確理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上，對觀點或態(tài)度傾向進(jìn)行分析、識別的能力。評述性推斷題要求考生對文章所交代的人或事進(jìn)行評價，此時要注意作者對相關(guān)人或事的細(xì)節(jié)描寫。要正確把握文章字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的觀點代替作者的觀點。另外，要特別留意那些描寫環(huán)境、氣氛的語言以及表達(dá)感情、態(tài)度或觀點的詞語。典例4(2015湖北卷E)Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so

20、 good at what it does that theres always a temptation(誘惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.On the whole Brookss story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, so