高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)（一）冠詞的用法概述 新人教版

1、英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義冠詞的用法概述一. 名詞的分類(lèi)冠詞離開(kāi)名詞就沒(méi)有任何亦有，因此在學(xué)習(xí)冠詞前，首先要了解名詞的分類(lèi)：名詞分為：1. 可數(shù)名詞，包括普通名詞：人和物所共用的名稱(chēng)，如：dog , chair集體名詞：集體的名稱(chēng)，如：class, family2. 不可數(shù)名詞: 物質(zhì)名詞：物質(zhì)的名稱(chēng)，如：paper, water 抽象名稱(chēng)：抽象物的名稱(chēng)，如： happiness 專(zhuān)有名詞：人或物所持有的名稱(chēng)，如：Tom, China二，冠詞的泛指, 特指，類(lèi)指，專(zhuān)指 泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或是事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修飾語(yǔ)在其后加以限定的人或是事物，也指說(shuō)話雙方心目

2、中所默認(rèn)的特定的人或是物。類(lèi)指是指具有共同性質(zhì)或典型特征的事物的一個(gè)類(lèi)別。專(zhuān)指是指類(lèi)別中的一員或一部分具體事物。復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞三普通名詞使用冠詞的類(lèi)指用法1. a/an單數(shù)名詞、the單數(shù)名詞、零冠詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，所用冠詞都可以表類(lèi)指，但也有細(xì)微區(qū)別： “the單數(shù)名詞”指的是整個(gè)類(lèi)別，這個(gè)類(lèi)別是可以區(qū)別于另一個(gè)類(lèi)別的The car goes faster than the bike.a/an單數(shù)名詞 側(cè)重于之類(lèi)別中的任何一個(gè)的特點(diǎn)；A tiger is a type of very large wild cat that has yellow fur with black b

3、ands across.零冠詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 側(cè)重指類(lèi)別中的許多個(gè)體；Farmers are busy in autumn.練習(xí) Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876. _ Knowledge is power.2the 形容詞或分詞有時(shí)也可表類(lèi)指The wounded the dying the unknown the deaf the young the living the old the dead冠詞的基本用法不定冠詞的用法不定冠詞有a .an兩種形式，當(dāng)緊挨著冠詞的第一個(gè)音素為輔音因素是用a；但挨著冠詞的第一個(gè)音素

4、為元音音素是用an.表示one, the same, a certain 或是every 的意思。 They are of an age.(= the same age.) I earned 10 dollars an hour(=every hour) I will return in a day or two (=one or two days) Hi, John. A Mr. Smith is waiting for you outside.(=a certain)練習(xí) I earn 10dollara _ hour as _ supermarket cashier on Saturda

5、y. The teacher asked us to write _ 800-word-long composition. Theres _ dictionary on _ by your side. I know _ John Lennon, but not _ one you know. They are twins, so they are of _ age.有些不可數(shù)名詞如knowledge, collection ,understanding 等式由其他動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)，它們后面加of 時(shí)，前面需要用不定冠詞a/an.Her new book is a collection of sho

6、rt stories. He has _ fine collection of paintings. Their affair is _ public knowledge.與不定冠詞連用的習(xí)語(yǔ)。Have a cold, have a good/happy time , have a gift for , have a word with, keep a diary, in a hurry, once a while, at a loss, for a while, once upon a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favor , a

7、 waste of , a collection of , a matter of 等This picture looks beautiful at _distance.He was at a loss at the news.Tom , I want to have a talk with you.訓(xùn)練 I dont want to have words with you. I prefer to have _ word with you. _ word came that the president would inspect them. The power supply was cut

8、off, all of _ sudden lights went out.11. China has _ rather larger population than Canada.12. I will be back in _ matter of hours. After all you have just mentioned is not _ matter of life and death.不定冠詞的特殊位置：quite/ rather +a/an(+adj.)+單數(shù)名詞； what/such/half+a/an+單數(shù)名詞； rather /so/as/too/how/however+ad

9、j.+a/an+單數(shù)名詞； many a /an+單數(shù)名詞；not a/ an +單數(shù)名詞（不止一個(gè)）。He is quite a kind guy.He will be back in half an hour.He is as great a man as ever lived.However clever a student he is, he should follow the teachers instructions now.訓(xùn)練:句型轉(zhuǎn)換what an interesting book I have read! _ _ _ book I have read! (2) That w

10、as a quite extraordinary experience. That was _ _ _ experience. 二定冠詞的用法 1.用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前，表示一家人。如：The Greens are at a table.The Chens are going to move to Lanfang.用在年代、朝代名詞及逢十的數(shù)次（表某個(gè)年代）前；The Tang Dynasty ,the Spring and Autumn Period , in the 1990s 用在表量度單位的名詞前，表示“每一”I have hired the car by the hour Eggs ar

11、e sold by the dozen.訓(xùn)練The diet is measured in _ calories, while the food is sold by _ pound.My car does forty miles to _ gallon.在句型“動(dòng)詞+sb.+介詞+他和+身體某一部位”中的the , 不可用人稱(chēng)代詞代替。 take sb. by the arm hit sb. in the face 此外， 在be red in the face (臉紅), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)，be blind in the eye(眼瞎)等結(jié)構(gòu)中，

12、名詞前腰用the.用在某些固定詞組中。 Make the most of, in the daytime , by the day; in the end ; in the habit of; not in the least(= not at all); in the distance; in the way; on the whole; on the right on the other hand; at the same time; go to the doctors for the time being; on the spot; on the radio; on the phone訓(xùn)

13、練Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places.He was hit by a falling tree and killed on _ spot.定冠詞的特殊位置：在名詞詞組中，定冠詞一般放在最前面， 但名詞詞組中如果有exactly, just , half, double, twice, all, both , off等修飾時(shí)，定冠詞要放在這些名詞的后面。 Exactly the same color just the right place , half the story dou

14、ble the amount零冠詞的用法不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，用零冠詞。 Father went to his doctor for advice about his heart trouble.Horses are useful animals.訓(xùn)練He likes to talk on the telephone while I prefer writing _ letters.Water is changed into _ steam by heat and into _ ice by cold._ water in the well is sweet.請(qǐng)牢記以下用零冠詞的口訣：月

15、、季、星期、節(jié)假、洲、呼語(yǔ)、頭銜、職務(wù)前、三餐、球類(lèi)、慣用語(yǔ)、學(xué)科、棋類(lèi)名詞前不用冠詞。3.、系動(dòng)詞turn后的單數(shù)名詞做表語(yǔ)，用零冠詞。Has he turned scientist?Nothing can make me turn traitor against my country.4.“零冠詞+單數(shù)名詞+as/though+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+，主句”Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.訓(xùn)練:句型轉(zhuǎn)換(1)Although he is a young man, he has seen much of the world._Although he is

16、 a diligent student, he didnt pass the exam._與零冠詞連用的短語(yǔ) Pen and ink; master and servant; at noon/dawn/daybreak/dust/night/midnight; on second thoughts; no such boy; come to light等的。冠詞易混點(diǎn)抽象名詞具體化時(shí)，被具體化的名稱(chēng)可能會(huì)與a/an連用。如； A heavy rain a surprise a please a success/failure a pressure a concern An unforgetta

17、ble experience 訓(xùn)練I didnt think my chances of _ success were very good. The gift came as _ complete surprise to me He expressed _ surprise that no one had offered to help.Of her plays, three were successes and one was _ failure.形容詞比較級(jí)前用定冠詞表示“兩者中較的”， 而形容詞比較級(jí)前用不定冠詞，表示“再、更”。 形容詞最高級(jí)前用定冠詞表示“三者或三者以上中的最的”，

18、而形容詞最高級(jí)前用不定冠詞，并無(wú)比較含義。如： Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?It is a most useful book.訓(xùn)練This is pair of shoes is not fit for me. Would you show me _ bigger pair？He is _ most diligent student in his class.If there were no examinations, we should have _ much happier time at school.三“the +序

19、數(shù)詞”表排序, “a/an +序數(shù)詞”不表示排序，有時(shí)表“又一，再一”; 序數(shù)詞修飾動(dòng)詞事實(shí)上已成為副詞，這時(shí)要用零冠詞。如：Can you give a second chance, please?He was only 5 years old when I first saw him.四表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞，前面一般加定冠詞，但如果此類(lèi)名詞前有修飾成分，也可能加a/an.如：The moon a full moon五零冠詞用法的口訣是：月、季、星期、節(jié)假、洲、呼語(yǔ)、頭銜、職務(wù)前、三餐、球類(lèi)、慣用語(yǔ)、學(xué)科、棋類(lèi)名詞前不用冠詞。但這種用法是相對(duì)而言的，在不同的句子中，可能會(huì)用不定冠詞或定冠詞，因此，用哪種冠詞