高中英語 單選易混結(jié)構(gòu)解析 新人教版

1、高中英語單選易混結(jié)構(gòu)解析在英語學(xué)習(xí)中經(jīng)常遇到結(jié)構(gòu)相混的問題，例如：簡單句和復(fù)合句；復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與從句；強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)與定語從句；省略成分辨認(rèn)；并列成分對等關(guān)系等等，筆者分析一下這些容易相混的結(jié)構(gòu)，能為讀者提供點滴幫助。1The boy dived into the water and after _ seemed to be a long time , he came up again. A. that B. what C. it 此題選擇B。但有好多學(xué)生選擇A，認(rèn)為 after that 或after it 讀起來有感覺，很通暢，沒有認(rèn)識到seemed to be a long time 是一個從句，

2、意思是：在似乎好長時間以后，他又上來了。That 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時沒有詞義也沒有地位（不能充當(dāng)成分）；it 填在此處沒有有引導(dǎo)詞，語法上是不允許的。2. I saw a young lady _ an ice cream in front of the stand . A. was buying B. buying 此題選擇A,成為含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，選擇B，成為有復(fù)合賓語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。See 雖然可以跟賓語從句，但能用復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)表示應(yīng)用復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。See 可以跟doing 做賓語補(bǔ)足語，還可以跟do做補(bǔ)足語，意義有所不同，see sb. doing sth.表示“看見某人正在做某事”；而se

3、e sb. do sth. 則表示“看見某人做了某事”。 判斷用do 還是用doing 有時要考慮意思，有時從結(jié)構(gòu)上加以判別。例如：I saw one man in the car _ out a pocket book and begin to read . A. pulling B. pull C. to pull 這里有begin ,由and 連接， 說明橫線處用pull ， 而不用pulling 。3. T.S. Eliot was _ . A. famous not only in Britain but also in America B. not only famous in B

4、ritain but also in America此題是成語連詞連接的成分平行問題，語法上要求，成語連詞連接的成分必須對等，此題應(yīng)選擇A，not onlybut also 連接 in Britain 和in America 兩個介詞短語。而B項中not onlybut also 連接的兩部分不對等，如果改為not only famous in Britain but also famous in America (連接兩個形容詞短語)就可以接受了。4. Mother gave more pocket money to David than _ . A. Lena B. to Lena 此題也

5、是連詞前后對等問題，如果than 后填Lena 的話,全句誤解為：媽媽給David的零花錢不如Lana給David給得多，所以，此題選擇B，to David 與to Lena并列。5. To know what is good and _ are two different things . A. doing what is right B. does what is right C. to do what is right D. did what was right 此題是 and 前后連接的部分必須對等的問題，and 前是不定式，后也應(yīng)是不定式，所以，此題選擇C。如果把題干中 to kno

6、w. 改為knowing 的話,此題則選擇A。6. Stand up _ . A. ，do your homework B. and you can do your homework C. , you do your homework 此題是結(jié)構(gòu)問題，如果選擇A，理解為兩個祈使句并列，由逗號“，”連接， 這是錯誤的結(jié)構(gòu)，因為逗號不能連接兩個句子；如果選擇B，理解為祈使句+陳述句句型，意思是“如果你站立起來就能做作業(yè)了”。如果選擇C,理解為祈使句+逗號+陳述句句型,這個句型是錯誤的，所以，只能選擇B。7. To get an education , _ . A. one must work ha

7、rd B. what you need is to work hard C. working hard is needed 不定式作狀語放在句首，動作的執(zhí)行者應(yīng)當(dāng)是句子的主語。換言之，當(dāng)不定式放在句首時，句子的主語應(yīng)能做不定式動作的執(zhí)行者。此題選項中只有A項中的one 能做get 的執(zhí)行者。One get an education, ；What you need和working hard 都不能做get 的執(zhí)行者。8. Thirty-three people were already dead in a traffic accident ; _ . A. twelve being old me

8、n B. twelve of them were old men C. twelve of whom were old men D. twelve were old men 此題中的分號（；）很重要，后一部分起進(jìn)一步說明作用。正確選項為B。如果換成逗號 的話，則選擇C，理解為定語從句。9 Was it during the Second World War _ he died ? A. that B. during which time C. in which D. when It 作代詞 表示時間或地點與關(guān)系副詞when 、where引導(dǎo)的定語從句或強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)相混。此題應(yīng)當(dāng)填A(yù)，為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，但

9、有好多學(xué)生選擇C或D，把句子看成定語從句，其實判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)并不難，把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)it is (was)that ( who )去掉，如果剩下的部分句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，說明就是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，如果不完整說明是從句。此句去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)句子成為during the Second World War he died (變?yōu)檎Ｔ~序 He died during the Second World War ) 句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，說明此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。此句如果把during 一詞去掉 ，句意就變了，it was the Second World War .it 作代詞，表示時間，意思為：時間是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)，橫線處應(yīng)當(dāng)填 when

10、 或in which 。又如：It was evening _ he went to the office . A. when B. that 此句選擇A，如果evening 換成in the evening ，則選擇B。10. Hardly had she seen her father _ she ran to him . A. than B. when C. as D. that 此句是倒裝句，往往與 that 從句相混，應(yīng)注意hardly 與 when 連用。11- What made her so angry ? - _ her wallet. A. He lost B. Losin

11、g C. Lost 此題為省略句，應(yīng)判斷省掉的部分是什么，這句話的意思是：丟錢夾使她生氣。整句話應(yīng)當(dāng)是Losing her wallet made her angry .所以，選擇B。但有的學(xué)生選擇A，句子正確，但屬于所問非所答，如果問話人問what happened to her ? 選擇 A 正確。12 She cannot help _ when she heard the bad news .A. burst into tears B. bursting into tears C. to burst into tears help (to) do 與help doing 相混，help

12、 doing 常與 cannot 連用，應(yīng)當(dāng)從意思上加以區(qū)別，help (to)do sth. 幫助做某事；cannot help doing sth 情不自禁做某事，此題選擇 B。 13 _ a long story short , he wanted to marry her and get a lot of money . A. Make B. To make C. Making 14. She must be looking forward as much to his return as he he himself is to _ her . A. see B. have seen

13、C. seeing D. having seen 此題選擇C。asas 結(jié)構(gòu)連接的兩部分應(yīng)該對等，to his return 與to seeing 對等，to 是介詞，后跟名詞，有好多學(xué)生不顧asas 結(jié)構(gòu)，把后一個to 看成不定式符號， 而選擇A。15. Having a written examination , _ . A. I am forced to study hard B. its necessary that I have to study hard 分詞短語放在句首作狀語，應(yīng)考慮逗號后主語與分詞的關(guān)系，是否可以做分詞的執(zhí)行者或承受者，此題A項中I 可以做having 的執(zhí)行者

14、，所以選擇A；而B項中的it 不可能做having 的執(zhí)行者或承受者。16. Had I known her well , I would have invited her to the party . 當(dāng)你看到would have invited 可以猜疑是虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，had I known her well 部分表示條件，屬于虛擬語氣條件從句省掉if 的情況，相當(dāng)于if had I known her well ,省掉if 時，句子應(yīng)倒裝，省掉if 共有三種情況，當(dāng)謂語動詞是 (1)were ;（2）should do ;(3) had done 。應(yīng)注意與一般疑問句Had I fini

15、shed the work before he came back ?的區(qū)別。17 . _ was lying . A. Whoever told you that B. No matter who told you that Whoever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句，no matter who 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句， 不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，橫線處是名詞從句的位置，不是狀語從句的位置，辨認(rèn)狀語從句應(yīng)當(dāng)看逗號“，”逗號后有句子主語。例如：No matter who told you that , he was lying .此句中的no matter who 可以用whoever 代替。Whoev

16、er told you that , he was lying . 18 _ shall finish the work before May Day is possible. A. We B. That we 此題往往在結(jié)構(gòu)上搞錯，認(rèn)為意思上完整，不缺少含有意思的引導(dǎo)詞，句意為：五一節(jié)前完成工作是可能的。選擇了A。 其實，We shall finish the work before May Day is possible. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)是錯誤的，May Day 之前是一個從句，應(yīng)當(dāng)有一個引導(dǎo)詞, that 沒有詞義，僅起引導(dǎo)從句的作用。本題的答案應(yīng)當(dāng)是B。19. Id rather you _

17、 something about it for the time being . A. did B. to do 此句是結(jié)構(gòu)問題，如果填did，把you did something 看成從句，如果填to do ，則把you 看成了賓格形式，前者正確，后者錯誤。Would rather 是一個助動詞，不可能有賓語復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。此題只能選擇A。would rather (that) + 從句 （從句中謂語動詞用過去時）意思為：寧愿某人做某事。20.Is _ that flows through that town ? A. this river B. this the river 此題正確答案為B。如果選A，句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤。此句是疑問句，把它變成陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)就清楚了，This river is that flows through that town. (無句意)，試比較：This is the river that flows through that town. (這是一條流經(jīng)那座城鎮(zhèn)的河。)21. As is known to all, the problem of pollution is serious. It is known to all that the problem of pollution is serious .前一句是定語從