初中英語核心詞匯用法祥解

1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請指正。few、a few、little、a little的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系： few / a few用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，few表示否定意義，沒有，幾乎沒有； a few表示有肯定意思， 有幾個(gè)。 例如： He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他這里沒朋友，他感覺寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket.籃子里有幾個(gè)雞蛋。 little / a little用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，little表示否定意思，沒有，幾乎沒有。 a little 表示肯定意思，有一點(diǎn)兒。 例如： There

2、 is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里沒有墨水了，你能給我點(diǎn)兒墨水嗎？ 問1. My father has many books, but he has_ English books. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few Answer 2. The twins can speak only _ French. A. a few B. few C. little D. a little Answer 析 1. few 與 little 作形容詞用，都表示“幾乎沒有”，

3、相當(dāng)于一個(gè)否定詞。具體區(qū)別： (1) few 后面跟復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。 e.g. few books few students (2) little 后面跟單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞。 e.g. little water little food e.g. He has few friends. 他沒有幾個(gè)朋友。 They has little money. 他們沒有什麼錢 2. a few 與 a little 都表示肯定的意思，指“有一點(diǎn)，有一些”。具體區(qū)別： (1) a few 后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) （2）a little 后加不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。 e.g. Im going to buy a few banan

4、as. I can speak only a little Chinese. 3. a little 與 little 也可以用作副詞， 表示“有點(diǎn)”“稍稍” 表示“很少” e.g. -Can you speak English? -Yes, but only a little. This book is a little more difficult than that one. （ 可修飾形容詞比較級） She slept little last night. 昨天晚上，她沒有怎么睡覺。very與muchvery與much表示“很”，“非?！薄２荒苡胿ery來作修飾詞,只能用much來作修

5、飾詞very用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級; much用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級，修飾動(dòng)詞要用much或very much. She said she was much better than before. 她說她比過去好多了。 I like English very much. 我非常喜歡英語。so與suchso與such表示“如此”，“這么”，“那么”1) so修飾形容詞或副詞，such修飾名詞，但名詞前可以有形容詞定語。I cant be here so early. 我不能這么早到這兒。Ive never seen such fine drawings. 我從未見過如此精美的圖畫。2)

6、 so修飾的形容詞后可以有一個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)是so + adj. + a/an + n.試比較：She is so good a girl.She is such a good girl3) 如果可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前有many, few或不可數(shù)名詞前有much, little等表示數(shù)量多少的形容詞時(shí)，用so而不用such。Im afraid that hell forget it if he misses so many lessons. 我擔(dān)心的是，如果他耽誤這么多的課程他會忘掉的。Miss Zhao got so little money a month. 趙老師每月只領(lǐng)這么少的錢。4)

7、“so +助動(dòng)詞+主語”表示前面的陳述也適用于后者，意為“也一樣”。People in England eat a lot of potatoes.So do we. too, also與eithertoo, also與either表示“也(不)”We also have eleven players in a team. 注意，too有時(shí)也用于否定疑問句中，但表示肯定語氣。Cant you see Ive got teeth, too? ago與before ago與before, 表示“在以前”ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”，before指在過去或?qū)淼哪硶r(shí)刻“以前”或泛指“以前”。Wh

8、en did you have a meeting ?Three days ago.Mr Smith said that John had told him all about his past three weeks before.enjoy 能否用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)？表示心理狀態(tài)的詞語一般都不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，這個(gè)詞和love, like差不多。 next to 與near next to有一個(gè)次序的含義在內(nèi)，并且是單線型的near只是表示附近，不遠(yuǎn)，范圍可大，可小，并且是輻射型的e.g. ：she lives next to my door.她住在我隔壁。（房間有次序的朝一個(gè)方向挨著）She li

9、ves near my house.她住在我家附近。（可能是我的鄰居，可能不是，因?yàn)榉秶源笠恍﹕treet . road. avenue road ,street 與avenue都有路的意思，但是它們各自的含義和范圍有所不同，1 Street街,街道 主要是指村落或都市中兩邊有房屋的街道或馬路2 Road路,道路 常指城市或鄉(xiāng)村之間可供車輛或行人通過的寬闊而又平坦的大路，這種路兩旁有無房屋皆可。2 Avenue通道,大街，林蔭路 在英國指通往鄉(xiāng)村住宅，兩旁栽樹的小路。在美國主要指寬闊而繁華的林蔭大街，兩旁有著華麗的住宅或林立的建筑物。在加拿大，street多是在老城區(qū)，road和avenu

10、e多是在后來擴(kuò)展的地區(qū)，比如Toronto downtown以外地區(qū)，road是南北向，avenue是東西向。 pretty 、 beautiful 與good-looking handsome也是要和它們相區(qū)別開的beautiful意為“美麗的，漂亮的”（giving pleasure or delight to the mind or sense），指給人以極大的愉快，幾乎達(dá)到理想的美，指人時(shí)僅用于女性和小孩；pretty“漂亮的，可愛的”（esp.of a woman, a child, on a small fine thing, pleasing or nice to look at

11、, listen to, etc）,多指女性，小孩 或小而漂亮的東西，并不表示完美無缺的意思，而著重表示“可愛”；handsome“漂亮的， 英俊的”（esp. of man） good-looking, of attractive appearance, （esp. of woman） attractive with a firm, large appearance rather than a delicate one），形容男性指“容貌端莊、英俊”，形容女性時(shí)指“健美”；good-looking“好看的，漂亮的”（attractive）,泛指容貌美，多指男性，有時(shí)也指女性。other ot

12、her表示泛指，意為“另外的、別的、其它的”。常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。如果其前有the，this，some，any，each，every，no，one以及形容詞性物主代詞時(shí)，其后就可接單數(shù)名詞。注意下面other的幾種變形： others：它是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示泛指，意為“別的人或物”，但不指全部。如： Many students are playing on the playground Some are playing football；others are playing basketball the other：表示兩者中的另外一個(gè)?？蓡为?dú)使用，也可后接單數(shù)名詞。如： T

13、he old man has two sons One is a worker，the other is a teacher 但如果the other后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或者the other本身用復(fù)數(shù)形式 (the others)，都可表示其余的全部。如： We shall do some cleaning this afternoon Group One will clean the wall Group Two will clean the windows The other students will sweep the floor不可數(shù)名詞作復(fù)數(shù)表種類時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用法不可數(shù)名詞既然用來表示種

14、類，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)變成可數(shù)名詞了，謂語當(dāng)然用復(fù)數(shù)了。These fishes are the ones that I have never seen.這些魚種我從未見過。during the day 和 in the day during the day morning, evening(在)白天 早上, 晚上The sun gives us light during the day.太陽在白天給我們陽光。In the day在這一天里I hang about in the day. 我整天無所事事。 keepkeep一詞含有“保持”之意，其用法和結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜?，F(xiàn)將其常見的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法歸納如下：（一

15、）、keep作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使保持（某種狀態(tài)）”、“使得”時(shí)，常用于以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：1.keep+賓語（由人或物充當(dāng)）形容詞。e.g. Keep your hands clean.手要保持干凈。2.keep賓語副詞。e.g. What have kept you awa for so long? 什么事使你離開這么久？3.keep賓語v-ing。e.g. Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 對不起，讓你久等了。4.keep賓語v-ed。e.g. Keep the door clsed. 讓門關(guān)著。5.keep賓語介詞短語。e.g. Dont keep your

16、 hands in your pockets.不要把手插在口袋里。（二）、keep作及物動(dòng)詞，后接名詞作賓語，構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“保存”、“保留”、“記（日記等）”、“經(jīng)營（商店等）”、“遵守（諾言等）”之意。e.g. I keep a diary in English.我用英文記日記。She keeps a bllkstore.她經(jīng)營一家書店。Keep your word,please.請遵守你的諾言。（三）、keep作系動(dòng)詞，其后直接跟形容詞、副詞或介詞短語作表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“保持某一狀態(tài)”。如：Please keep quiet.請保持安靜。（四）、keep后接動(dòng)名詞和賓語，表示

17、連續(xù)不斷地做某事。e.g. The baby keeps crying all night.那個(gè)嬰兒哭了一夜。 turn turn的用法歸納如下1. turn (n.) 順序, 輪流 1）. Its ones turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 Its your turn to make a decision. 2）. take ones turn to do sth. = do sth. in turn =do sth. by turns輪流做某事 The nurses attended the patient in turn / by turns. =The nurses to

18、ok turns to attend the patient. 2. turn (vi.) 轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),轉(zhuǎn)向,翻轉(zhuǎn) turn right / left = turn to the right / left turn to sth. / sb. (for help) turn to page 84 3. turn (link-v.) 變得，成為 turn green / yellow 變綠/黃了 Ten years later， he turned teacher. turn的固定詞組: 1. turn against 背叛 ： Nobody will turn against his country

19、. 2. turn down 關(guān)小/ 拒絕 ： He turned down my suggestion without hesitation. 3. turn from side to side 把身體轉(zhuǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)去 ： The naughty boy turned from side to side while answering questions in class. 4. turn in 上交 ：The child picked up a purse on the way and turned it in to the policeman. 5. turn . into . (使)成為：Th

20、e farmers are turning waste land into rice fields. 6. turn off 關(guān)(水源、 煤氣、 電燈等) / 避開(問題等) ：Turn off the light when you leave the room. 7. turn on 打開(水、 煤氣、 電燈、無線電等) / 對發(fā)怒 ：turn on the radio ；turn the gun on sb. 8. turn out 結(jié)果是/證明是/生產(chǎn)出 ：The weather yesterday turned out (to be) fine. ；The factory turned

21、 out more products than they had expected. 9. turn over (使)打翻 / 翻身 / 翻動(dòng) / 翻耕(土地) / 轉(zhuǎn)危為安 ：The man turned over and went to sleep again when the telephone rang. 10. turn up 開大 / 出現(xiàn) / 找到 / 證明是 (= turn out to be) ：The meeting is beginning， but he has not turned up. He might have been lost.as作連詞的用法1. as.a

22、s的用法as.as意為和一樣，表示同級的比較。使用時(shí)要注意第一個(gè)as為副詞，第二個(gè)as為連詞。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+ adj./ adv. +as。例如：(1)This film is as interesting as that one.這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。(2)Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的鋼筆書寫起來和我的一樣流暢。其否定式為not as/so +adj./ adv. +as。例如：This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.這本字典不如你想象的那樣有用。若有修飾成分，如twice,

23、 three times, half, a quarter等，則須置于第一個(gè)as之前。例如：Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的貴一倍。as.as的常見句型：(1)as.as possible Please answer my question as soon as possible.請盡快回答我的問題。(2)as.as usual/beforeShe looks as pretty as before.她看起來和以前一樣漂亮。(3)as long as. (引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句) It took us as long as three ye

24、ars to carry out the plan.我們花了長達(dá)三年的時(shí)間才完成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。(4)as far as He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火車站。(5)as well as She cooks as well as her mother does.她燒菜燒得跟她母親一樣好。一些帶有as.as結(jié)構(gòu)的常見短語歸納：as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一樣忙碌as easy as ABC像ABC一樣容易as deep as a well像井一樣深as light as a feath

25、er像羽毛一樣輕2. as用作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句as與when，while都是引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞，含義都是當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候。但它們有區(qū)別：用when時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)作可以與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先于主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生；用while時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)作為一過程，主句動(dòng)作與從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行或在從句動(dòng)作過程中發(fā)生；用as時(shí)，主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，具有延續(xù)的含義。例如：(1)It was snowing when he arrived at the construction site.他到達(dá)工地時(shí)，天正在下雪。(2)He was watching TV while his mother was cooki

26、ng.他母親做飯時(shí)他在看電視。(3) You will grow wiser as you grow older.你會隨著年齡的增長而越來越聰明。3. as用作連詞引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句as，because，since都可以表示因果關(guān)系，連接原因狀語從句，含義是因?yàn)?，由于，但它們有區(qū)別：because表示的語氣最強(qiáng)；as一般放在句首，語氣較弱，較口語化；since常常用在書面語中，表示多為對方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有時(shí)可譯作既然。例如：(1) He will succeed because he is in earnest.他一定會成功，因?yàn)樗苷J(rèn)真。(2) Since you are

27、so sure of it he”ll believe you.既然你對此如此有把握，他會相信你的。(3) As rain has fallen, the air is cooler.因?yàn)橄逻^雨，空氣比較清爽。4. as作連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句as與although (或though)，however (或no matter how)等都可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，含義是雖然，盡管，但它們有區(qū)別：although語氣稍正式些，可放在句首，也可放在句中，主句中不能再用but，但可以用yet；as所表示的語氣較強(qiáng)，引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句用倒裝語序；however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，它的后面可跟形容詞或副詞，也要用倒裝語序。例如：(1) Although he is quite old, he still jogs every day.他雖然年紀(jì)相當(dāng)大，仍然每天慢跑。(2) Strange as it may seem, nobody was inju