學(xué)樂思教育高三英語第十二講

1、高三英語第十二講Part A: Word List5 / 5文檔可自由編輯打印01 dress, have on, be in, wear, put on 02 engage03 enjoy04 feed (fed, fed)05 fetch, take , bring, get06 get + V-ed07 give08 hang09 happen, take place10 harm, hurt, injure, woundPractices：1. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you _ yesterday? a.

2、 tried on b. put on c. had on d. pulled on2. Studying _ most of a serious student's time. a. engages b. takes c.spends d. pays for3. Which do you enjoy _ your spare time playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park. a. spending b. to spend c. having spent d. to have spent4. This informatio

3、n is _ the appropriate government department successfully. a. fed up b. fed back to c. fed to d. fed on5. -We haven't heard from Jean for a long time. -What do you think _ to her. a. was happened b. was happening c. happened d. will happenPart B: Grammar 一、定語從句概念定語從句（attributive clause），顧名思義，就是一

4、個(gè)句子作定語從屬于主句。定語一般是由形容詞充當(dāng)，所以定語從句又稱作形容詞從句。定語從句一般放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后，這種名詞或代詞被稱作先行詞。請看示例：The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行詞 定語從句二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞代替前面的先行詞，并且在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，可以作主語、賓語、定語等。常見的關(guān)系代詞有：who, that, which。但注意：1.what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。 2.關(guān)系詞的分析須考慮它在定語從句中的成分。（一）關(guān)系代詞who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人，是主格，在定語從句中作主語。

5、例如：An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑師是設(shè)計(jì)房屋的人。whom代替人，是賓格，在定語從句作賓語，在非正式英語?？墒÷?。例如：This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 這是我爸爸十年前教的學(xué)生。whose一般代替人，有時(shí)亦可代替物，是所有格，在定語從句作定語。例如：The girl student whose father is a senior engineer . 其父是一位高級工程師的那個(gè)女學(xué)生過去在國外留學(xué)。（二）關(guān)系代詞which的用法which

6、代替物，在定語從句作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)還可省略。例如：I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.我不喜歡有不幸結(jié)局的小說。（which可以換成that）（三）關(guān)系代詞that的用法that既可指人又可指物，在當(dāng)代英語中大多指物，在定語從句作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)還可省略。例如：Is she the girl that sells newspapers?她是賣報(bào)紙的那個(gè)女孩嗎？（that可以換成who）Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?放在冰箱的冰激凌哪兒去了？（that可以換成wh

7、ich）Is this the book that you want to buy?這是你要買的那本書嗎？ （that可以換成which，作賓語，還可以省略）三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句常用的關(guān)系副詞只有三個(gè)：when, where, why，在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語。它們的用法大家不妨記住一個(gè)口訣：the time when、the place where、the reason why（一）關(guān)系副詞when的用法關(guān)系副詞when代替的先行詞表示的是時(shí)間，when在定語從句作時(shí)間狀語。例如：In Beijing July and August are the months when

8、it rains very often.北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。（when先行詞是months）（二）關(guān)系副詞where的用法關(guān)系副詞where代替的先行詞表示的是地點(diǎn)，where在定語從句作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如：During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.春節(jié)期間，我回到了生我養(yǎng)我的家鄉(xiāng)。（where的先行詞是town）上面這個(gè)句子不可以將where改為that，因?yàn)閠hat不能作為表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞。（三）關(guān)系副詞why的用法關(guān)系副詞why代替的先行詞表示的是原因，why在定語從句作原

9、因狀語。例如：This is the reason why he came late to school. 這就是他為什么上學(xué)遲到的原因。（why先行詞是reason，why可以用that替代，還可以省略）4、 特殊關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句as是個(gè)比較特殊的關(guān)系代詞，一是用在某些句型搭配里，二是獨(dú)立于主句之外。下面分別講解。（一）在固定搭配asas, soas, suchas, the sameas中，as引導(dǎo)定語從句You may take as many books as you want. 你想要拿多少書就拿多少。（第一個(gè)as是副詞，修飾many的；第二個(gè)as才是關(guān)系代詞，代替先行詞b

10、ooks，在定語從句中作賓語）（二）獨(dú)立于主句之外，as引導(dǎo)定語從句As we know,the earth turns around the sun. 正如我們所知，地球圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)。As is known to us,（As we know和 As is known to us均為定語從句，as分別作賓語和主語，替代后面的主句五：關(guān)系代詞which與that的區(qū)別1. 當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little以及不定代詞anything, something, everything等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞多用that。例如：She told me everything that she knew

11、. 她把她所知道的一切都告訴了我。2. 當(dāng)先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞或限定詞the only, the very, all, every, any, no等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般都用that。例如：This is the best novel that I have ever read. 這是我讀過的最好的一部小說。3. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞出現(xiàn)在which開頭的疑問句時(shí)，應(yīng)用that。例如：Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest? 哪一個(gè)是推薦給外賓的賓館？（這里使用that很明顯是為了避免重復(fù)which）4. 在非

12、限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞一般只用which。例如：Beijing, which is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China, will host the 2008 Olympic Games. 北京是中華人民共和國的首都，將主辦2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)。5. 介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用which，而不用that。例如：She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps. 她收集了600張郵票，其中60是德國郵六、限制性定語從句和非制性定語從句限制性定語從句中，從句與其所修飾的先行詞之間關(guān)

13、系很密切，若缺少，句意則不完整，故從句前不用逗號隔開；非限制性定語從句中，從句與其所修飾的先行詞之間關(guān)系不太密切，若缺少，句意則仍完整，故從句前一般都用逗號隔開。試比較以下兩組句子：The water which has been polluted by the factory is not fit to drink.被工廠污染的水不宜飲用。（如果缺少定語從句，句子的主要意思會(huì)受到影響）Water, which is a clear liquid, is widely used in our everyday life.水是一種清澈的液體，在我們的日常生活中應(yīng)用非常廣泛。（如果缺少定語從句，句

14、子的主要意思不會(huì)受到影響）七、定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句的先行詞一般為fact, idea, news, thought, reply, report, problem等抽象名詞，而且關(guān)聯(lián)詞大都為that，關(guān)聯(lián)詞that在同位語從句中僅僅起連接作用，不作任何成分，但又不可省略。定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞（關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞）在從句中是要充當(dāng)句子成分的且有實(shí)際含義。試比較以下兩句：The suggestion that we should practise speaking English every day came from our monitor.我們每天都應(yīng)練習(xí)說英語的建議是我們的班長提

15、出來的。（同位語從句）The suggestion that our monitor put forward at the meeting is very valuable.我們的班長在會(huì)上提出的建議很有價(jià)值。（定語從句）八、定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句型一般總是使用It isthat這個(gè)句式，將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分（主語、賓語或狀語）放在句式里。這個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞that沒有任何實(shí)際意義，僅僅起連接作用，但一般情況下不省略。定語從句一般不用It is開頭，而且定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分。試比較以下兩個(gè)句子：It is Professor Johnson who is to visit C

16、hina Agricultural University next week.是約翰遜教授計(jì)劃下周訪問中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)。 （強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，who可以換成that）This is Professor Johnson, who is to visit China Agricultural University next week.這是約翰遜教授，他計(jì)劃下周訪問中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)。 （定語從句，who不可以換成that）EXERCISE：1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. thatB. whoC. whomD. this2. The man _

17、lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whomB. whichC. whoD. /3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. as4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the oneB. whichC. whoD. whom5. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the oneB

18、. that C. whichD. /6. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. whichB. thatC. /D. it7. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. all8. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. WhoC. The one whoD. The stu

19、dents who9. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday. A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. this10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /11. This is the only article of these that _ written by him. A. wasB. wereC. isD. are12. The man _ was here just now i

20、s a doctor. A. whomB. whoC. /D. he13. The boy _ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next doorB. which lives next door C. whom lives next doorD. that lives next door14. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A. whichB. whomC. thatD. who15. Dont go in, this is the shop _ we

21、 have just been _. A. /, toB. that, /C. where, toD. which, there16. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. whatB. whichC. asD. ./ 17. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in thatB. whenC. whereD. there18. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born? A. whereB. in thatC. tha

22、tD. which19. The factory _ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week. A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which20. Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A. thatB. whenC. whatD. on that21. The time _ we studied together is not easily forgotten.22. October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget. A. when B.

23、 thatC. whereD. in which23. October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. A. whichB. whenC. whereD. in which24. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing? A. whichB. whereC. in whichD. what25. Is this museum _ they visited last month? A. thatB. whichC. whereD. the one26.

24、I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where本資料由七彩教育網(wǎng) 提供！Part C: 短文填詞短文填詞題三大解題策略第1、 對于首字母提示和語境提示的空格：如何判斷其意義及詞性，關(guān)鍵看搭配，重點(diǎn)找已知信息。搭配包括：主謂搭配，動(dòng)賓搭配，前置定語（形容詞、動(dòng)詞分詞）+名詞或名詞+后置定語（形容詞，動(dòng)詞分詞，介賓短語或者定語從句），謂語+狀語（副詞），副詞修飾形容詞等等。空格前后的已知信息詞決定著空格詞的詞性； 第二、漢語提

25、示題相對簡單：大部分我們可以根據(jù)漢語提示直接寫出答案。但需特別注意的是有時(shí)題中給出我們的意思能夠理解，但詞性的選擇和單詞的選擇還是需要根據(jù)具體的搭配信息確定。而且中文往往是模糊的，與之相近的意思的單詞或許不止一個(gè)詞。這時(shí)更需要我們根據(jù)文中已知信息來確定。For example:1. They got lost in the desert and _（挨餓）to death.解析：并列連詞and 連接二謂語動(dòng)詞，前后一致，前面是動(dòng)詞got,則后面也應(yīng)是動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí),故只能填starved, 而不會(huì)是形容詞hungry.2. Please give my _（祝賀）when you see her

26、.3. They're going to _（慶祝）their victory with music and dancing.解析：慶祝和祝賀在中文看來是近似的，但在英文中的區(qū)別明顯。Celebrate慶祝，后面接的賓語往往是勝利或是節(jié)日。而祝賀的賓語則是對個(gè)人成功等的祝賀。本題空格在動(dòng)詞give的后面，故應(yīng)填congratulation. 而68題則應(yīng)是celebrate.4. The book gives a short _（描述）of the city.解析：很明顯該處應(yīng)填名詞description. 注意：describe和description的詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。第三、單詞的正確拼寫1. 名詞：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)的確定主要根據(jù)：（1）并列連詞 and, but以及or前后的名詞或代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，前后往往是一致的；（2）根據(jù)主謂一致的原則，關(guān)鍵看謂語動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。 2. 動(dòng)詞:一定要注意動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)及非謂語形式，這又和考查學(xué)生對動(dòng)詞ing及ed形式的變換的掌握能力息息相關(guān)。 3. 形容詞:特別注意名