2021年高考英語(yǔ)真題和模擬題分類匯編專題15閱讀理解社會(huì)生活、議論類(含解析)

1、專題15閱讀理解社會(huì)生活、議論類 I、2021 年高考真題 （2021 新高考I卷D篇） Populanzation has in some cases changed the ongmal meaning of emotional （怙:感的）uitelligence Many people now imsundei stand emotional mtelligence as almost eveiything desirable in a persons makeup that caimot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mo

2、tivation, confidence, mental stability, optinusm and people skills/* Reseaicli lias shown that emotional skills may contnbute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that

3、can be used for eitliei good or bad puiposes. The ability to accuiatelv undeistand how others aie feelmg may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally mtelligent does not necessanlv make one a moial person.

4、 Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence nui far ahead of what leseaicli can leasonably support, the oveiall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than liarniful. The most positive aspect of tlus popularization is a new and much needed emphasis （重視）on emotion by employ

5、ers, educatois and others interested in pioinotuig social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researcheis re-evaluate the fiinctionality of emotions and how they seive people adaptively m everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emo

6、tional intelligence is desuable, we hope that such attention will excite a gieatei interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives （視角）fiom winch to study how people manage then lives. Emotional intellig

7、ence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right duection l. Wliat is a common imsundei standing of emotional intelligence? A. It can be measuied by ail IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a peisonrs mmd. C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a persons

8、 positive qualities. 2 Why does the author mention doctor and cheater” in paragraph 2? A. To explain a rule. B. To clanfy a concept. C. To present a fact. D. To make a piediction 3. What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A. Favorable. B.bitolerant C.Doubtfiil.

9、D.Uncleai. 4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional in tellige nee? A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies. C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives. 【答案】DBAB 【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的優(yōu)勢(shì), 同時(shí)作者提出了對(duì)情商研究是未來期望。 1.細(xì)節(jié)理

10、解題。根據(jù)題信息misunderstanding定位到第一段：Many people now misunderstand. as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup.分析可知，大 多數(shù)人認(rèn)為情商就是構(gòu)成人性格中兒乎所有可取的部分，而后跟的句子such as character, motivation, confidence.則是作者在列舉一些情商中具體的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。選 項(xiàng)D：它指的是一個(gè)人的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)，是該句的同義替換。故選D。 2. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息的paragraph 2,定位到第二段We prefer to describe

11、 emotional intelligence as.：分析可知，我們更喜歡把情商稱作是一套特定的技能， 它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于壞的目的。而后作者便分別列舉了 doctor和 cheater用于解釋說明“好目的”和“壞目的“。 由此我們可以推測(cè),作者提及doctor 和cheater是為了闡明前句所提到的關(guān)于情商的概念。故選B = 3. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)題T信息popularization of emotional intelligence定位到第三段： Although popular beliefs regarding. the overall effects of the pu

12、blicity have been more beneficial than harmful.分析可知，雖然大眾對(duì)J：情商的普遍認(rèn)知遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了目前 研究可以支持的觀點(diǎn)，但是宣傳的總體效果（對(duì)于情商的發(fā)展研究）是利大于弊 的。【伯后作者便進(jìn)一步列舉了好處體現(xiàn)在哪些方面（the most positive aspect of this popularization.）o可知,作者對(duì)此態(tài)度是正向的、支持的。故選A。 4. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干信息last paragraph定位到最后一段It is our hope that. advances in science will offer new p

13、erspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional in telligence. may serve to point us in the right directi on. 分析可知，我們希與在未來的兒十年里，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步將為研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾碜约?的生活提供一個(gè)新的視角。而情商也許會(huì)給我們指明一個(gè)正確的方向。因此可以 得知，最后一段作者是在提出對(duì)于未來研究的期待和方向。B項(xiàng)中的Expectations for future studies.符合題意。故選B。 （2021-浙江卷B篇） We live

14、in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 nuiiutes1 walk fiom home where neighbourhood cluldien gathei to play. However, xvliat my cluldien want to do after school is pick up a scieen一any screenand stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Todays children spend an average of fo

15、ur and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet. In the past few years, an increasuig numbei of people and orgamsations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his cluldie

16、n, then aged five and tluee, were attached to screens to tlie point where lie was able to say chocolate” mto his tluee-yeai-old soils eai without getting a response. He realised tliat something needed to change, and. being a London media type, appointed hunself Mniaiketing director for Natuie11. He

17、documented Ins jouniev as he set about tieating nature as a biand to be marketed to vouiig people The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the bmh of the Wild Network, a group of oigamsations with the conunon goal of getting childien out into natxue. Just five more minutes outdoors can

18、 make a difference.n David Bond says ”Theie is a lot of really mteiesting evidence wlucii seems to be suggestmg that if children aie mspned up to the age of seven, then bemg outdoors will be a liabit for life.11 His own children have got into the habit of plavmg outside now: ,fWe just send them out

19、into die gaiden and tell them not to come back in for a while.11 Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play. 1. What is the problem with the authors children? A. They often annoy the neighbours B. T

20、hey are tired of doing their homework C. They have no friends to play with D. They stay in front of sereens for too long 2. How did David Bond advocate his idea? A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities. C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of frien

21、ds. 3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word charts in paragraph 2? A. records B.predicts C.delays D.confirms 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Chi

22、ldren 【答案】DAAC 【解析】本文作者以口己的孩子為例存在著長(zhǎng)時(shí)間盯著電子屏幕的問題，從而引 出了電影導(dǎo)演David Bond怎樣激勵(lì)白己的孩子們養(yǎng)成戶外活動(dòng)、鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣 的做法。 1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screenany screenand stare at it for hours. 可知，作者的孩子 們放學(xué)之后只想看電子屏幕，并II丁著看好兒個(gè)小時(shí)，故選D。 2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第 一段最后兩句He documented his jou

23、rney as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the comm on goal of getting children out into nature/可知,作者記錄 了自己的旅程， 并制作成電影，故選A。 3. 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話句意結(jié)果是

24、Project Wild Thing, 一部描繪 Wild Network誕生的電影,Wild Network是一組以讓孩子們?nèi)谌氪笞匀粸楣餐?目標(biāo)的組織?？芍?，本句主耍闡述作者拍攝的紀(jì)錄片Project Wild Thing記錄下了 組織Wild Network的誕生，因此record （記錄、記載）與所猜詞匯最為接近，故 選A. 4. 主旨大意題。文章首段闡述現(xiàn)狀，即孩子們花太多時(shí)間在電子屏幕上，緊接著提 到了作者為呼吁孩子們走進(jìn)大白然拍攝了紀(jì)錄片，希望孩子們能多花些時(shí)間在戶 外運(yùn)動(dòng)上。因此本篇文章主要內(nèi)容為：向孩子們”推銷“自然，故選C。 （2021 3月天津卷B篇） About fiv

25、e weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard （蜥蜴）was giowmg dusty. It worned me. I reported the strange surface on tlie skin of the lizard to my husband and cluldien the next nioimng. Seconds later, our lizard emerged fiom its tank with its old skin flowing behind it. I didnt tliuik about it mu

26、ch until a monuiig last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many thmgs over the months. The destmctioii staited thiee months ago. It was my husband buthday. He had just lost his job. Th

27、e uncertainty was startuig to wear on us, so I wanted to do sometluiig special. Lets make a cake for Dad! I cried. My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced aiid spiuikled foi most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons on the walls? Flowers on the table! Two hours before my husband came back hom

28、e fiom another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase fiom a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake Tiny pieces of glass were eveiydieie She sobbed loudly as I tliiew the cake away My husband had banana puddmg for his buthdav. Tluee days ago, the light in our living 1001

29、11 suddenly went out. After several fiiistrating hours of unsuccessfiil attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentaiy （紀(jì)錄片）series The Lcist Dance The poignancy （酸楚）of Jordan retiring fiom his beloved basketball to play baseball and wliat had pushed Inin to make suc

30、h a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball unifonn and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layei that no longer served him, just as oui lizaid liad Neither of tliem chose tlie moment that liad tiansformed them. But they had to live w

31、ith who they were after eveiything was difleient. Just like us. I realized that we have to leani to leave the past behmd Humans do not shed skin（蛻丿支）as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is timig Damage changes us before we aie ready I see oui lizard, law and

32、nearly new Jordan said that no mattei how it ends, it starts with hope With oui tender, hopefill skm. that is where we begm. l. What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1? A. Its tank grew dirty. B. lts old skin came off. Ct got a skin disease Dt v/ent missing. 2. Why did the authors hu

33、sband have banana pudding for his birthday? A. The birthday cake was ruined B. The author made good puddings C. Pudding was his favorite dessert. D. They could nt afford a birthday cake 3. Why does the author mention The Last Dance in the passage? A. To prove a theory B. To define a concept. C. To d

34、evelop the theme D. To provide the background 4. The underlined part leaving behind the layer1 in Paragraph 8 can be understood as Aetting go of the past Booking for a new job C. getting rid of a bad habit D. giving up an opportunity 5. What does the author most likely want to tell us? A丄ove of fami

35、ly helps us survive great hardships Bts not the end of the world if we break things C. We should move on no matter what happens D. Past experiences should be treasured. 【答案】BACAC 【解析】文章大意：這是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了作者的丈夫剛剛丟了工作，這 種不確定性開始影響到家人， 直到作者看到家里的寵物蜥蜴換皮和觀看了 Michael Jordan的紀(jì)錄片最后的舞蹈后，領(lǐng)悟到我們必須學(xué)會(huì)把過去拋在腦后，像蜥 蜴一樣，用我

36、們?nèi)崮邸⒊錆M希望的皮膚，作為人生的起點(diǎn)。 1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.（第:天早上,我向丈夫和孩 子們報(bào)告了蜥蜴皮膚上奇怪的表面。幾秒鐘后，我們的蜥蜴從水箱里岀來，舊皮 膚蛻了下來）n可知，寵物蜥蜴舊的皮膚脫落了。故選：

37、Bo 2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf.My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.（就在我丈夫參加另一場(chǎng)工作 而試回家前兩個(gè)小時(shí)，我女兒爬到一個(gè)高高的架子上，抓起一個(gè)玻璃花瓶。它掉 下來摔碎在蛋糕旁邊。到處都是細(xì)小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉時(shí)，她大聲抽泣。 我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布丁廠 可知,

38、作者的丈夫過生日吃了香蕉布丁是因?yàn)樯盏?糕毀了。故選：Ao 3. 推理判斷題。 根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段The poignancy （酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. .Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them.Just like us. I realized that we ha

39、ve to learn to leave the past behind. （Jordan從心愛的籃球退役，轉(zhuǎn)而打棒球,這是多么令人痛心的事情,是 什么促使他做出如此艱難的決定，讓我感到驚訝。當(dāng)我看著他脫下籃球服，換上 棒球服時(shí)，我看到他脫下了那層不再適合他的衣服，就像我們的蜥蜴一樣。他們 都沒有選擇那個(gè)改變了他們的時(shí)刻。但他們必須和自己生活在一起因?yàn)橐磺卸甲?To就像我們一樣。我意識(shí)到我們必須學(xué)會(huì)把過去拋在腦后） ”以及最后一段 Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. W讓h our tender, hopef

40、ul skin, that is where we begin. （ Jordan說，不管結(jié)局如何,都是以希望開始的。用 我們?nèi)崮?、充滿希望的皮膚，那是我們的起點(diǎn)）“可推知，作考在文章中提到The Last Dance是為了展開文章關(guān)于放手過去，重新開始的主題。故選：C。 4詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them.Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind. （他們都沒有選擇那個(gè)改變了他們的時(shí)

41、刻。但他們必須和自己生活在一起因?yàn)橐?切都變了。就像我們一樣。我意識(shí)到我們必須學(xué)會(huì)把過去拋在腦后）“可知，作者 看著喬丹脫下籃球服，換上棒球服時(shí)，意識(shí)到看到他放開了過去，把過去拋在腦 后了。即畫線詞意思是”放開過去“。故選：Ao 5. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Humans do not shed skin （蛻皮）as easily as other animals.I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.（人類不像其他動(dòng)物那樣容易蛻皮。變 革的開始令人不安。這個(gè)過程很累人。傷害在我們準(zhǔn)備好之前就改變了我們。我 看到了我們生嫩的、幾乎是全新的蜥蜴）”以及最后

42、一段HJordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin. （Jordan說，不管結(jié)局如何，都是以希望開始的。用我們?nèi)崮?、充滿希望的 皮丿快，那是我們的起點(diǎn)）“可推知，作者最有可能想告訴我們無論發(fā)生什么，我們 都應(yīng)該繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。故選：Co （20213月天津卷D篇） There is sometliuig to be said for bemg a generalist, even if you are a special

43、ist. Kiiowmg a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the nclmess of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires conmiitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to bemg specialists is we often come t

44、o know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of piessuie to master onefs field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work Then you discover the piessuie of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in then narrow sp

45、ecialty. But such coninutment can also weaken a sense of fieedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and eiijoyed the sweetness of then fanulv and fiiends, 01 tiaveled to exciting places, meetmg lnteiest

46、ing people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排除）of others can hold back your tme spirit Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its coimections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bung tlieu bioad perspective

47、（視角）mto specific fields of expeitise （專長(zhǎng)） Tlie doctor who is also a poet and philosopliei is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things aie connected. Let vour expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of youi int

48、erests may not appeal to be connected but, once you explore tlieu depths, you discover that they are. My editor Tom, who is also a writer, has edited several lustoiy books She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the stmctuial beauty of the Forbidden City as a paintei; she is equally

49、interested to learn more about Chinese plulosophyI dont know where it will lead, but Tm excited Pm on this piusuit?1 These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new peispectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the

50、 universe Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all youis to explore and eiyoy. 1. To become a specialist, one may have to . A. narrow his range of knowledge B. avoid responsibilities at work C. know more about the society D. hroadpn his pprsppctivp cn life 2. The speciali

51、sts mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to . A. treasure their freedom B. travel around the world C. spend most time working D. enjoy meeting funny people 3. According to the author, a superior doctor is one who . A. is fully aware of his talent and ability B. is a pure specialist in medicine C. should lo

52、ve poetry a nd philosophy D. brings knowledge of other fields to work 4. What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A. Passion alone does not ensure a persons success Bn-depth exploration makes discoveries possible C. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D. Seemingly

53、 unelated interests are in a way connected. 5. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide C. Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D. Ways to Become a Generalist 【答案】ACDDA 【解析】本文是議論文。文章論述了要當(dāng)一個(gè)多面手，而不是當(dāng)某方面的專家。 1. 推理

54、判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二、三句This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.（成為專家需要對(duì)特定的職業(yè)、研 究領(lǐng)域的投入。成為專家的缺點(diǎn)是我們常常對(duì)越來越少的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域了解得越來越 多。）“可知，要成為一名專家，了解到的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域會(huì)越來越少，會(huì)縮小他的知識(shí) 范亂故選A。 2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章

55、第三段中提到Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty.These specialists could work at the office until ten each night,.（有些人似乎愿意在他們狹隘的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域夜以繼口地工作。.這些專家 可以每天晚上在辦公室工作到十點(diǎn)。）”可知，這些專家往往花大部分的時(shí)間在工 作上。故選C。 3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a supe

56、rior doctor; one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.（這位既是詩(shī)人乂是哲學(xué)家的醫(yī)生是一位優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生，他能 給他的病人提供比良好的醫(yī)術(shù)更多的東西。）可知，作者認(rèn)為一名優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生可 以將其他領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)帶到匸作中。故選D。 4. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段第一、二句Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your

57、 interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. （事物之間是有聯(lián)系的。讓你在一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專長(zhǎng)激發(fā)你在所有相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的熱情。 你的一些興趣可能看起來沒有聯(lián)系，但一口你深入探索，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是有聯(lián) 系的。）以及下文舉出 Toni 的例子*My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chine

58、se history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.（我的編輯Toni也是一位作家，她編輯過幾本歷史 書。她已決定學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)歷史。作為一爼畫家，她癡迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同時(shí) 也對(duì)更多地了解中國(guó)哲學(xué)感興趣。）“可以推斷，作者想通過Toni的例子說明看似不 相關(guān)的興趟，如果深入探索的話，在某種程度上是有聯(lián)系的。故選D。 5. 最佳標(biāo)題題。文章第一段第一句提

59、出觀點(diǎn)There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.（作者提出即使你是一個(gè)專家，也應(yīng)該當(dāng)一 個(gè)通才） ”。 根據(jù)文章第二段第三句The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.可知,成為專家的不足之處是我 們常常對(duì)越來越少的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域了解得越來越深。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句 Gen era lists, on the other hand, kn

60、ow a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections.可知，當(dāng)通才的優(yōu)點(diǎn)往往對(duì)廣泛的學(xué)科了解得很 多，并從整體上來看其中的所有的聯(lián)系。根據(jù)上述內(nèi)容可知，作者的觀點(diǎn)是應(yīng)該 當(dāng)一個(gè)通才。因此文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)為Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist （做一個(gè) 通才，而不是專家）”。故選A。 II、2021年高考模擬試題 （2021-天津十二區(qū)縣聯(lián)考2閱讀理解D篇） The playing field is never even or equal. You