畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文自動(dòng)變速器相關(guān)外文文獻(xiàn)山東交通學(xué)院

1、山東交通學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（外文翻譯）外文譯文自動(dòng)變速器  對(duì)于現(xiàn)代的汽車(chē)，自動(dòng)變速器是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的組件，這種傳遞動(dòng)力的方式，是液力變矩器充當(dāng)離合器來(lái)連接發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速器。 兩個(gè)基本類(lèi)型的自動(dòng)變速器基于該車(chē)輛是否是前驅(qū)動(dòng)或后驅(qū)動(dòng)。對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置后驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車(chē)，變速器通常安裝在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后底盤(pán)中心與油門(mén)配合。變速器輸出軸連接到后橋，把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力傳遞到后輪，動(dòng)力傳輸系統(tǒng)是直線的，從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，通過(guò)液力變矩器、變速器、傳動(dòng)軸、最后直接到到達(dá)車(chē)輪。 對(duì)于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車(chē)，變速器通常和差速器裝在一起。對(duì)于前驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車(chē)，變速器安裝在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)一側(cè)，前車(chē)軸直接連接到差速器上，把動(dòng)力傳遞給前輪。

2、在這個(gè)布置中，動(dòng)力來(lái)自于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，通過(guò)液力變矩器、變速器輸出的動(dòng)力通過(guò)了一個(gè)180度大轉(zhuǎn)彎，經(jīng)過(guò)變速器沿發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)側(cè)邊通過(guò)傳動(dòng)軸輸出到前輪。 還有其它的一些布置，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置前驅(qū)動(dòng)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)橫向布置，裝設(shè)一個(gè)分動(dòng)器可以實(shí)現(xiàn)四輪驅(qū)動(dòng)。但這種形式目前是最常用的：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中置后驅(qū)動(dòng)，可以使重量均勻的分布在前、后輪之間，改善了操作性能；發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后置后驅(qū)動(dòng)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、變速器、驅(qū)動(dòng)輪都在后方，這種后置式的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的安排，是最滿意的。 現(xiàn)代的自動(dòng)變速器包括了許多組件和系統(tǒng)的協(xié)同工作，有行星齒輪組、液壓系統(tǒng)、密封件和墊圈、變矩器、調(diào)節(jié)器、節(jié)氣門(mén)拉線、計(jì)算機(jī)控制這些都是多年來(lái)由機(jī)械式演變過(guò)來(lái)的。這里用簡(jiǎn)單、通

3、用的解釋，描述一下這些系統(tǒng)。     （1）行星齒輪組 自動(dòng)變速器箱體內(nèi)有很多齒輪，有各種不同的組合，在一個(gè)變速箱內(nèi)，齒輪的滑動(dòng)沿軸線從一個(gè)位置到另一個(gè)位置，對(duì)各種大小齒輪的要求，有正確的傳動(dòng)比。在一個(gè)自動(dòng)變速箱，至始至終，不是齒輪的機(jī)械移動(dòng)來(lái)達(dá)到這一點(diǎn)的，通過(guò)行星齒輪組來(lái)完成。 基本的行星齒輪組成由一個(gè)太陽(yáng)輪、一個(gè)齒圈、并且有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的行星齒輪，全部齒輪都是常嚙合。行星齒輪的相互聯(lián)系通過(guò)一個(gè)共同的載體，使齒輪相互嚙合在一起。一個(gè)傳遞方式，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)可以從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的輸出連接到齒圈作為主動(dòng)件，連接行星輪作為從動(dòng)件，并鎖定太陽(yáng)

4、輪，使起不能轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。在這情況下，當(dāng)我們把齒圈、行星齒輪，沿太陽(yáng)輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，主動(dòng)件與從動(dòng)件就同向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，從動(dòng)件的轉(zhuǎn)速慢，齒輪減速就類(lèi)似汽車(chē)的一擋。 如果解開(kāi)太陽(yáng)輪和鎖定其它兩個(gè)元素，這就會(huì)使這三個(gè)要素以同樣的速度轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，齒輪的傳動(dòng)就類(lèi)似于汽車(chē)是第三或高擋位。另一個(gè)方式是，把行星架鎖定，使太陽(yáng)輪作為主動(dòng)輪，齒圈作為從動(dòng)件，這時(shí)它們的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)方向就相反，就類(lèi)似以汽車(chē)的到擋。 上面所說(shuō)的，在實(shí)際的傳動(dòng)過(guò)程是如何控制。齒圈為輸入軸，行星架為輸出軸，都是通過(guò)盤(pán)式離合器控制。太陽(yáng)輪一個(gè)單向離合器，一個(gè)制動(dòng)器，當(dāng)制動(dòng)器作用時(shí)，太陽(yáng)輪只能從一個(gè)方向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 在這情況下，離合器的使用，鎖定行星架與太

5、陽(yáng)輪迫使它們以相同的轉(zhuǎn)速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。如果它們的離合器和制動(dòng)器都被釋放，該系統(tǒng)在自由狀態(tài)。變速器的行星齒輪組太陽(yáng)輪是自由的，比輸出動(dòng)力。在一擋位，制動(dòng)器制動(dòng)太陽(yáng)輪跟隨轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，從第一擋到高擋制動(dòng)器釋放和離合器使用到輸入軸，它們以同一個(gè)速度轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 使用兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的行星齒輪組以各種方式連接，可提供不同的前進(jìn)速度和扭矩，普遍的使用以現(xiàn)代的自動(dòng)變速器。 （2）片式離合器 片式離合器主要由若干交替排列的離合器盤(pán)和離合器片組成。每片離合器盤(pán)上有伸出的突線，勾住離合器鼓，以輸入軸連接。離合器片內(nèi)的鍵槽與離合器殼互相嚙合，離合器殼與中間軸鍵槽連接，中間軸又與后行星排內(nèi)齒圈用鍵槽連接。因此

6、，離合器盤(pán)和離合器片分別與輸入軸和湖行星排內(nèi)齒圈連接。操作離合器的活塞安裝以離合器鼓上，離合器鼓亦稱做為活塞缸。 （3）單向離合器 單向離合器是一種只可以使元件在一個(gè)方向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，如把齒圈自由在一貫方向，而不能反向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，這種作用就象是，自行車(chē)踏板轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，可以帶動(dòng)車(chē)輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，當(dāng)車(chē)輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)或向另一個(gè)方向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)是自由的 一個(gè)單向離合器用于一擋時(shí)，在驅(qū)動(dòng)方向是，當(dāng)從停止開(kāi)始加速，在第一個(gè)齒輪輸出動(dòng)力，如果繼續(xù)加速，不在一擋位？汽車(chē)?yán)^續(xù)加速，他就是一個(gè)方向自由的。此時(shí)，單向離合器不在輸出動(dòng)力，當(dāng)車(chē)速慢下來(lái)時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)速慢，它就可以起作用。這一個(gè)現(xiàn)象由于，在提供力的時(shí)候它才起作用，在高速時(shí)，

7、是自由的。 （4）液力變矩器 對(duì)于自動(dòng)變速器，液力變矩器取代離合器裝于車(chē)上。它的作用是：當(dāng)車(chē)停下來(lái)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)還可以繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。傳遞扭矩的原理，比如，把一個(gè)風(fēng)扇吹向另一個(gè)，另一個(gè)不用插電也能跟它一起轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，如果你壓住扇片，它就不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，但你一放手，它就開(kāi)始加速，直到速度接近動(dòng)力風(fēng)扇。它們兩者的差異就是：變矩器不是利用空氣，而是利用油液，以使他的傳遞更加準(zhǔn)確。 液力變矩器是一個(gè)較大的盆壯裝置，安裝在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與變速器之間。它包含三個(gè)部件，協(xié)同工作，為變速器提供動(dòng)力，液力變矩器的三要素是：泵論、渦輪、導(dǎo)輪，泵論是通過(guò)螺栓直接安裝在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的曲軸上，轉(zhuǎn)速與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的相同，渦輪連接到變速

8、器的輸入軸上，為汽車(chē)提供動(dòng)力，導(dǎo)輪上裝有一個(gè)單向離合器，使他只可以在一個(gè)方向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，而在另一方被固定，每一個(gè)要素之間通過(guò)液流傳遞扭矩。 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)后，輸入軸開(kāi)始旋轉(zhuǎn)，帶動(dòng)泵輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，因旋轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)生的離心力使泵輪葉片間的液流沿葉片從外緣向外甩出；接著又由于泵輪和渦輪轉(zhuǎn)速差引起泵輪葉片外緣與渦輪葉片外緣產(chǎn)生了壓力差，液流從液壓高的泵輪葉片外緣流進(jìn)渦輪葉片外緣，同時(shí)，泵輪的旋轉(zhuǎn)也使得其葉片帶動(dòng)液流隨工作輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，這一旋轉(zhuǎn)就使液流流進(jìn)渦輪時(shí)方向改變，從而沖擊渦輪葉片推動(dòng)渦輪繞泵輪同一方向旋轉(zhuǎn)。從渦輪流出的液流進(jìn)入固定不動(dòng)的導(dǎo)輪，經(jīng)導(dǎo)輪葉片改變方向后回流至泵輪。如果渦輪的速度大大低于泵輪轉(zhuǎn)素時(shí)，導(dǎo)輪仍鎖

9、住不動(dòng)。導(dǎo)輪停止，液流通過(guò)導(dǎo)輪時(shí)重新進(jìn)入泵輪，促使泵輪旋轉(zhuǎn)起到扭矩增大的作用。由于泵輪和導(dǎo)輪的轉(zhuǎn)速增加，液流開(kāi)始改變方向流向泵輪葉片背面，也可以產(chǎn)生增矩的作用。由于車(chē)速的提高，這三要素句以相同的轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)，為了提高燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性，在液力變矩器上裝了一個(gè)鎖止離合器，車(chē)速達(dá)到4050英里的時(shí)候，鎖止離合器就把三要素連為一體，這種控制是計(jì)算機(jī)控制。 （5）液壓系統(tǒng) 液壓系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的迷宮壯通道，液流壓力控制變速器扭矩的輸出，。液流有若干用途，包括：換擋控制、潤(rùn)滑、冷卻。不象發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，它只用來(lái)潤(rùn)滑，每一個(gè)流動(dòng)，是依賴于不斷提供的液體壓力。為了使油液在一個(gè)正常的溫度工作，部分液流從散熱器中

10、流過(guò)以便散熱。液體通過(guò)此通道被冷卻，然后返回到傳輸通道。液里變矩器和散熱器，是用來(lái)給液流散熱的。事實(shí)上大部分的摩擦表面都淹沒(méi)在油液中，比如：離合器盤(pán)、離合器片，也能正常的工作。 （6）油泵 油泵主要是負(fù)責(zé)提供油液傳輸過(guò)程中的壓力，油泵安裝在前面的泵輪上，并且以發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的曲軸相連，當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，帶動(dòng)油泵運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，產(chǎn)生壓力，提供足夠的油。油進(jìn)入油泵時(shí)通過(guò)一個(gè)空氣濾清器，安裝在油底殼的底部。壓力調(diào)節(jié)器、調(diào)壓閥、壓力修正閥調(diào)節(jié)后送到各個(gè)管路。 （7）閥體 閥體是自動(dòng)變速器的控制中心。它包含一個(gè)迷宮壯的通道輸送液壓油，在每一個(gè)工況下控制離合器和其它伺服機(jī)構(gòu)，順利的控制

11、齒輪傳動(dòng)情況。 最重要的閥門(mén)一個(gè)直接控制的手動(dòng)閥。手動(dòng)閥是直接連接到齒輪變速箱里面的，根據(jù)它所在位置打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉各種通道，控制換擋節(jié)奏。用齒輪變速傳動(dòng)來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明，監(jiān)控車(chē)輛的速度和油門(mén)的位置，以便它能確定最佳的換擋時(shí)間，。計(jì)算機(jī)的控制，通過(guò)電磁閥控制油壓壓力，控制離合器或制動(dòng)器，以更精確的控制換擋點(diǎn)。 （8）密封墊和墊圈 一個(gè)自動(dòng)變速器有許多的密封件和墊圈，以控制流動(dòng)的液壓油，使它不外泄。主要有兩個(gè)外部密封墊：前油封和后油封。前油封安裝到變速器的變矩器，這使得油底殼到變矩器的油液能自由流動(dòng)，而不外泄。后密封墊使游液不泄漏到輸出軸。 密封墊通常用橡膠（類(lèi)似汽車(chē)

12、擋風(fēng)玻璃雨刮器葉片），它是用來(lái)保持不泄漏到其它部分，如旋轉(zhuǎn)軸。在有的情況下，用一個(gè)彈簧和橡膠在一起，如用在花鍵軸。 墊圈是一種用來(lái)密封兩個(gè)固定部分，使其連接在一起。一些常見(jiàn)的襯墊材料是：硬紙、軟木、橡膠、有機(jī)硅和軟金屬。 除了主要的密封墊，也有一些其它的密封墊和墊片，因使用條件而定，有的從軸到軸的連接。一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的例子是橡膠O型密封圈用來(lái)密封換的擋軸。就是說(shuō)，你所操作的邊速杠在轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，另一個(gè)例子是大部分常見(jiàn)的油底殼墊片，事實(shí)上，密封墊是隨時(shí)進(jìn)行更換，防止油不泄漏。 （9）計(jì)算機(jī)控制 計(jì)算機(jī)控制是利用傳感器對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速器提取數(shù)據(jù)，因?yàn)楣?jié)氣門(mén)位置、汽車(chē)行駛速

13、度、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)荷等是變數(shù)。利用這些數(shù)據(jù)可以精確控制換擋點(diǎn)，以便換擋平順。一些電腦數(shù)據(jù)，能了解行駛條件，并不斷的適應(yīng)行駛條件的變化，使汽車(chē)穩(wěn)定的行駛。 由于計(jì)算機(jī)的控制，通過(guò)一個(gè)特殊的元素代替了手動(dòng)控制，在每一個(gè)工況都是安全的。計(jì)算機(jī)的控制，確保發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速不至于過(guò)高而使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)損壞。 另一個(gè)好處是，這些精確的數(shù)據(jù)輸入系統(tǒng)，有一個(gè)自診斷系統(tǒng)，以便能使我們及時(shí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，當(dāng)有問(wèn)題時(shí)，故障指示燈就閃爍。維修人員就可以根據(jù)檢測(cè)設(shè)備檢測(cè)出的故障碼，很快的找到問(wèn)題所在部位。翻譯原文Automatic transmissionFor modern automobile automa

14、tic transmission is a complex component, this method of transmission power, is to connect the engine and hydraulic torque converter ACTS as a clutch transmission.  Two basic types of automatic transmission based on whether the vehicle is driven drive before or after. After the engine front driv

15、e car, the transmission is usually installed in the center of the engine chassis after cooperate with throttle. The gearbox output shaft connected to the rear axle, the engine to the rear wheels of the power of the power transmission system is a straight line, from the engine, through the hydraulic

16、torque converter, gearbox, drive shaft, the last to reach the wheels directly.  For front wheel drive car engine, transmission and differential usually packed together. For car front drive, transmission is installed at the side of the engine, the front axle directly connected to the differentia

17、l, convey power to the front wheels. In this arrangement, the power from the engine, through the hydraulic torque converter, transmission output power through a 180 degree turn, after transmission along the engine side through the output shaft to the front wheels.  There are some other arrangem

18、ent, the engine before the front drive, horizontal layout engine, furnish a transfer can realize the four-wheel drive. But this form is the most commonly used at present: engine drive after, can make the weight evenly distributed between the front and the rear wheels, improve the operating performan

19、ce; Drive after the rear engine, engine, gearbox, drive wheels are in the rear, the rear of the arrangement of the engine, is the most satisfactory.  The modern automatic transmission includes many components and systems work together, a planetary gear set, hydraulic system, seals and gaskets,

20、torque converter, controller and throttle pull, computer control all of these are mechanical evolved through the years to come. This in a simple, general explanation, a description of the system. 1) planetary gear set.There were lots of gear automatic transmission box, there are a variety of differe

21、nt combinations, in a transmission, gears slideMove along the axis from one location to another location, for a variety of gear size according to your request, has the correct gear ratio. In an automatic transmission, to the beginning to end, not gear mechanical movement to achieve this, through the

22、 planetary gear set to complete.  Basic planetary gear composed of a sun wheel and a ring gear and two or more than two planetary gear, gear are all constant mesh. Planetary gear contact each other through a common carrier, make the gears mesh together. A transfer mode, the system can be output

23、 from the engine is connected to the ring gear as active parts, connecting the planet wheel as a follower, and lock round the sun, make up can't turn. In this case, when we put the ring gear, planetary gear, the sun wheel rotation, synthetic turns active pieces with follower, follower speed is s

24、low, gear reduction is similar to a block of car.  If untied the sun wheel and other two elements of locking, this will make the three elements in the same rotation speed, gear transmission is similar to the car is the third or high gear. Another way is that the planet carrier locking, make sol

25、ar rotation wheel, gear ring, as a follower, then they, by contrast, the rotation direction of is similar to the car to stop.  What is said above, in the actual transmission process is how to control. Ring gear as the input shaft, planet carrier for the output shaft, is through the disc clutch

26、control. The sun round a one-way clutch, a brake, when brake function, the sun wheel can only from one direction.  In this case, the use of the clutch, lock planet carrier with the sun wheel force them to the same speed. If they all of clutch and brake is released, the system in the free state.

27、 The transmission planetary gear set round the sun is free, than output power. In a block, brake wheel to follow the sun, from the first block to high quality brake release and use of the clutch to the input shaft, which rotate at the same speed.  Use two or more planet gears in a variety of wa

28、ys to connect, can provide different speed and torque, widely used in modern automatic transmissions.   （2) type clutchPlate clutch is mainly composed of a number of alternate permutation of clutch disc and clutch plate. On each piece of clutch disc is out of line, hook the clutch drum, to the

29、input shaft connection. Intermesh keyway within the clutch plate and clutch shell, clutch shell and intermediate shaft keyway connect, intermediate shaft and with the planetary gear ring with keyway connect within. Therefore, clutch disc and clutch plate respectively to the input shaft and lake plan

30、etary gear ring joint. Operation of the clutch piston mounted to the clutch drum, drum of the clutch is also called for the piston cylinder.   （3) one-way clutchOne-way clutch is a kind of can only make element in one direction, such as the ring gear in a consistent direction freely, but cannot

31、 reverse rotation, this effect is like, bicycle pedal rotation, can drive the wheel rotation, when the wheels turn or to another direction is free.A one-way clutch is used in a block, in driving direction, when stop from start to accelerate, in first gearThe output power, if continued to accelerate,

32、 not a place? The car continued to accelerate, he is a direction of freedom. At this point, a one-way clutch is not the output power, when the speed slow down, speed slow, it can play a role. Due to this phenomenon, in the provision of force when it works, at high speed, is free.   （4) hydrauli

33、c torque converterFor automatic transmission, hydraulic torque converter to replace clutch is installed on the car. Its role is: when the car stop, the engine can also continue to work. The principle of torque, for example, blow a fan to another, another without plug can rotate with it, if you pin f

34、an, it wouldn't turn, but you let go, it begins to accelerate, until nearly power fan. Both the difference is: torque converter does not use the air, but the use of oil, in order to make his passing is more accurate.  Hydraulic torque converter is a larger basin zhuang device, installed bet

35、ween the engine and transmission. It consists of three parts, work together, to power transmission, hydraulic torque converter is the three elements: theory of pump, turbine, idler pulley, theory of pump is installed directly by bolts on the engine crankshaft, speed and engine of the same, the turbi

36、ne is connected to the transmission input shaft, provide power for cars, a one-way clutch, mounted on the wheel turns, he can only in one direction, and on the other side are fixed, through flow between each element transfer torque.  After the engine starting, input shaft begins to spin, pump i

37、mpeller rotates, because of the centrifugal force produced by the rotation of wheel vane pump flow along the blade from the outer edges outward; Then caused by pump wheel and turbine speed difference pump impeller blade tip and the turbine blade tip produced differential pressure, fluid flow from th

38、e high hydraulic pump impeller blade tip flow in turbine blade tip, at the same time, the rotation of the pump wheel makes the blade flow along with the wheel rotates, the rotation will cause the liquid flow in turbine direction change, thus impact turbine blade turbine pump wheel in the same direct

39、ion. Flowed from the turbine's flow into the fixed guide roller, the roller blade change direction after the return to the pump impeller. If the turbine is much lower than the speed of the pump rotation element, idler pulley is still locked. Wheel stop, fluid flow through the idler pulley back i

40、nto the pump wheel, prompting pump wheel rotation torque increases. Because of the pump impeller and the guide wheel rotation speed increases, the flow starts to change direction of flow to the pump impeller blade on the back, also can produce increase torque. Because of the increase in the speed of

41、 the three elements of a sentence at the same rotate speed, in order to improve the fuel economy, the hydraulic torque converter with a locking clutch, the speed of 40-50 miles, locking clutch is the three elements is an organic whole repeatedly, this control is a computer control.   （5) hydrau

42、lic systemHydraulic system is a complicated maze strong channel, the output of the transmission torque, flow pressure control. Flow has a number of ways, including: shift control, lubrication and cooling. Unlike the engine, it is only used to lubrication, every flow, is constantly provide depends on

43、 the liquid pressure. In order to make the temperature of the oil in a normal job, part of the fluid flows through the radiator to heat dissipation. Liquid through this channel is cooling, and then returns to the transmission channel. Fluid torque converter and the radiator, which is used to hot flu

44、id diffusing. In fact most of the friction surface are submerged in the oil, for example, clutch disc, clutch plate, also can work normally.   （6) the oil pumpOil pump is mainly responsible for providing the oil pressure in the process of transmission, the oil pump installed in front of the pum

45、p impeller, and to the engine crankshaft is linked together, when the engine turns, drive the oil pump operation, and generate pressure, provide enough oil. Oil into the oil pump through an air filter, installed in the bottom of the oil sump. Pressure regulator, pressure regulating valves, pressure

46、fixed valve adjusted to each line.   （7) the bodyThe body is the control center of automatic transmission. It contains a maze of channel transmission hydraulic oil, under the working condition of each control clutch and other servo mechanism, control gear drive smoothly.  The most importan

47、t of a manual valve directly control valve. Manual valve is directly connected to the inside of the gear transmission, according to its location on or off a variety of channels, control of shifting rhythm. To illustrate with gear transmission, monitoring of the vehicle speed and throttle position, s

48、o that it can determine the optimal shift time,. Computer control, the solenoid valve control hydraulic pressure control clutch or brake, in a more precise control of shift points.   （8) gasket and washerAn automatic transmission has many seals and gaskets, to control the flow of hydraulic oil,

49、 make it not leak. There are two main external seal: seal before and after the oil seal. Before oil seal installed in the transmission of torque converter, which makes the oil sump to torque converter oil can flow freely, without leakage. After seal the liquid does not leak to the output shaft.  Gasket is usually with a rubber (similar to a car windshield wiper blade), it is used to keep no lea