Unit6知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、Unit 6 When was it invented? 重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納解析【重點(diǎn)單詞】1. project n. 項(xiàng)目，工程；2. pleasure n. 高興，愉快； 3. daily adj. 日常的，每日的； 4. mention v. 提到，說到；5. nearly adv.幾乎，差不多； 6. boil v. 煮沸，燒開；7. remain v. 保持不變；剩余；8. national adj.國家的，民族的；9. low adj.低的，矮的； 10. translate v. 翻譯；11. lock v.鎖上；n. 鎖；12. sudden adj. 突然的13. crispy a

2、dj. 脆的；酥脆的；14. salty adj. 咸的； 15. sour adj. 酸的，有酸味的；16. customer n. 顧客。17. Canadian 加拿大的， 18. divide v. 分開，分散；19. hero n 英雄，男主角； 20. professional adj. 職業(yè)的，專業(yè)的；【重點(diǎn)詞組】1. shoes with special heels 特殊后跟的鞋子 2. hot ice cream scoop熱的冰其淋勺子 3. run on electricity 電動(dòng)的4. be used for 被用作5. the subject for my scho

3、ol project學(xué)校項(xiàng)目的課題 6. our daily lives 我們的日常生活 7. have a point有點(diǎn)道理 8. by accident偶然，意外地 9. over the open fire在火堆上 10. fall into the water 落入水中 11. take place 發(fā)生 12. without doubt毫無疑問13. at a low price 以一個(gè)很低的價(jià)格 14. translate the book into different language 把書翻譯成不同種的語言15. all of sudden 突然 16. by mistak

4、e 錯(cuò)誤地 17. a much-loved and active sport一個(gè)深受喜愛并且積極的運(yùn)動(dòng)18. divideinto 把分開 19. stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 20. look up to欽佩，仰慕 21. the professional basketball groups職業(yè)籃球機(jī)構(gòu)22. use someone elses idea借用其他人的想法【重點(diǎn)句式】1. I think the TV was invented before the car. 我認(rèn)為電視是在轎車之前發(fā)明的。2. -When was the telephone i

5、nvented? - 電話是什么時(shí)候發(fā)明的？ -I think it was invented in 1876. -我認(rèn)為電話是在1876年被發(fā)明的。3. -What are they used for? -他們可用來做什么？ -They are used for changing the style of the shoes -他們可用來改變鞋子的樣式。4. -When was the zipper invented? -拉鏈?zhǔn)鞘裁磿r(shí)候發(fā)明的？ -It was invented in 1893 .-它是在1893年被發(fā)明的。5. -Who was it invented by? -它是由誰發(fā)

6、明的？-It was invented by Whitcomb Judson. -它是被惠特科姆.賈德森發(fā)明的。6. -When was tea brought to Korea? -茶是什么時(shí)候被帶到韓國的？ -It was brought to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.-它是在六至七世紀(jì)被帶到韓國的。7. -What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for? -這個(gè)熱的冰其淋勺子是用來做什么的？-Its used for serving really cold ice-cream -它是用來提供真正冷的冰

7、其淋?！局攸c(diǎn)知識(shí)解析】Section A（1a 2d）a. 詞匯包： 1.invent (v.)發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造invent 指發(fā)明創(chuàng)造出自然界本來不存在的東西，如工具、方法、手段、汽車、電器、合成材料等?！緜湔n例句】Bell invented the telephone. 貝爾發(fā)明了電話。Smith invented a new teaching method. 史密斯發(fā)明了一種新的教學(xué)方法?！緳M向輻射】discover, find, create 1.discover是“發(fā)現(xiàn)”的意思，是指發(fā)現(xiàn)原來就有而一直沒被發(fā)現(xiàn)，如發(fā)現(xiàn)電、煤、石油等礦藏及新星、星系或科學(xué)真理等。Columbus discov

8、ered America in 1492.1492年哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸。Recently they have discovered a comet. 最近他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆彗星。2.find的意思是“尋找”，強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果，并不指發(fā)現(xiàn)。I've tried to find another copy but couldn't find one. 我試圖再找一本，但沒能弄到。3.create指有目的地把原材料制成新產(chǎn)品，也指創(chuàng)造出原來不存在的或與眾不同的事物。Man creates himself. 人類創(chuàng)造了自己。A novelist creates characters a

9、nd a plot. 小說家塑造人物并設(shè)計(jì)情節(jié)。【課堂變式】根據(jù)語境提示，用invent, discover，find或create的形式填空，完成句子。1.When _ the stream engine（蒸汽機(jī)） _?2. I cant _ my bike, Im looking for it. 3. Scientists are now trying to _ if this is possible.4. Do you know who_ the plane？5. He _quite a number of wonderful characters in his play.【解析】I.1

10、.was, invented 2.find 3.discover 4.invented 5. created2. be used for 用來做此短語中的for是介詞，表示用途，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。【備課例句】An orange is used for medicine. 桔子可以入藥。A pen is used for writing. 鋼筆用來寫字。【橫向輻射】be used as& be used by 1.be used as 意為“被用作”，介詞as表示“作為”，其后一般接名詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)使用的工具及手段。【例句】English is used as the second

11、language in many countries. 英語在許多國家被當(dāng)作第二語言使用。This room is used as their office. 這人房間被用作他們的辦公室。2.be used by 意為“被使用”，介詞by后面接動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者（賓語）?！纠洹縀nglish is used by travelers and business people all over the world. 全世界的旅行者和商人們使用英語。Tractors are used by the farmers. 農(nóng)民使用拖拉機(jī)?！菊n堂變式】1. 在中國英語作為外語來使用。_2.教師用粉筆。_3.毛衣

12、是用來保暖的。_【解析】1. English is used as a foreign language in China. 2. Chalk is used by teachers. 3. A sweater is used for keeping warm.3. pleasure n. 高興，愉快； 常用于口語中；its my pleasure. With pleasure.【備課例句】Its my pleasure to help you look after your pet cat.我感到很榮幸?guī)湍阏湛茨愕膶櫸镓??！緳M向輻射】please, pleased, pleasure, pl

13、easant 的區(qū)別一、please1.表請求或要求的語氣。是動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）。-Come in, please.請進(jìn)來吧。（或Pease come in）-Sit down, please.請坐。（或Please sit down）2.表“討好，討人喜歡；喜歡”（不及物動(dòng)詞）或者“使···高興，使···滿意，使···喜歡”（及物動(dòng)詞）-Go where you please.你想去哪就去哪。 -What pleases you best?你最喜歡什么？ 二、pleased形容詞。表示“高興的，喜歡的，滿

14、意的”。它指的是人主觀上感到的滿足心理-I'm pleased to see you!見到你真高興！常用句型有：be pleased to do sth.高興做某事be pleased at/about/with/by 對···感到滿意/高興be pleased that從句 對··· 感到滿意/高興三、pleasant形容詞。表示“令人愉快的”“讓人感到滿意”。主語一般為物。The walk was very pleasant. 那次散步很（讓人）愉快。四、pleasure名詞 表示“滿足；樂趣；消遣、娛樂”It's

15、 a pleasure to read this book. 讀這本書真是件樂事。【課堂變式】（1）根據(jù)句意，用pleasant, pleased或pleasure填空。1. I had a _ time. 2. He will be _ to help you. 3. Reading gives me great _.4. It gives me _to see you looking happy.5. We spent a _ day in the country.【解析】1.pleasant 2.pleased 3. pleasure 4.pleasure 5. pleasant （2）

16、I think it is impossible to make everyone_. A. please B. pleased C. pleasant D. pleasure【解析】由句意可知，要讓每個(gè)人高興是不可能的。pleased表示“高興的，喜歡的”; 故選B。b. 句式包：When was it invented? 它是何時(shí)發(fā)明的？本句用于詢問某個(gè)物品的發(fā)明時(shí)間，結(jié)構(gòu)為“When + was+某項(xiàng)物品+invented？”，其中was invented是一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“was/were + 過去分詞”【備課例句】This book was bought yeste

17、rday. 這本書是昨天買的?！緳M向輻射】幾種基本時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are +過去分詞Football is played all over the world. 足球運(yùn)動(dòng)遍及全世界。2.一般過去時(shí)：was/were + 過去分詞This book was bought yesterday. 這本書是昨天買的。3.一般將來時(shí)：will be +過去分詞The class meeting will be held tomorrow. 班會(huì)將在明天開。4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are +being +過去分詞Our teaching building is being b

18、uilt now. 我們的教學(xué)樓正在興建中。5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were + being +過去分詞The bus wasnt being repaired by me then. 那時(shí)這輛車不是由我修的。6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has + been +過去分詞The work has been finished by them. 這項(xiàng)工作已經(jīng)被他們做完了?！菊n堂變式】1.We _not to play computer games. A. are told B. have told C. told D. tell 【解析】tell sb. not to do sth.意為“告訴某人不要

19、做某事”，這里的主語we是tell這個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受者，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，應(yīng)選。2.Will you come to the dinner party?I wont come unless Jenny _.A. will be invited B. can be invited C. invited D. is invited【解析】在unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示將來。根據(jù)句意“如果詹妮沒有得到邀請，我就不會(huì)來?！贝_定選。3. Im sorry you cant go in now. The room _ yet. A. hasnt been clea

20、ned B. hasnt cleaned C. isnt been cleaned D. isnt being cleaned【解析】由Im sorry you cant go in now.可知房間還沒有打掃，再加上the room是clean這個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受者，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選。4.A talk on science _ in our school next Monday. A. will give B. will be given C. has given D. has been given【解析】主語A talk 是動(dòng)詞give的承受者，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。再根據(jù)next Mon

21、day 確定用一般將來時(shí)，故選。Section A（3a 3c）a. 詞匯包：1.remain (v.) 保持；剩余；殘余remain意為“停留，留下”，相當(dāng)于stay?！按粼谀抢铩笨梢哉fremain / stay there，但“呆在家里”只能說stay (at) home。21世紀(jì)教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有【備課例句】She remains in the house all these days. 她這些天一直呆在那棟房子里。They all wished us to remain. 他們都希望我們留下來?！緳M向輻射】remain作連系動(dòng)詞remain用作連系動(dòng)詞，意為“保持(某種狀態(tài))，繼續(xù)存在，仍

22、舊是”，后面接形容詞，名詞，分詞，不定式或介詞短語。【例句】She remained sitting when they came in他們進(jìn)來時(shí)，她仍然坐著(沒有站起來)。Peter became a manager but John remained a worker. 彼得當(dāng)上了經(jīng)理,但約翰仍然是一個(gè)工人。Whatever great progress you have made, you should remain modest. 無論你取得了多么大的進(jìn)步,你都應(yīng)一直保持謙虛。This remains to be proved. 這有待證實(shí)。(將來被動(dòng)動(dòng)作)Whether it wil

23、l do us good remains to be seen. 這是否對我們有好處,還要看一看?！菊n堂變式】The leaves _in the water for a long time. A. came B. remained C. lived D. arrived 【解析】根據(jù)for a long time可知是指樹葉在水中停留了很長時(shí)間，正確答案是B。2. by accident偶然地；意外地【備課例句】He made this mistake by accident.他犯這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤純屬偶然?！菊n堂變式】She found her keys _when she cleaned her

24、room after she lost them two weeks ago. A. with mistake B. in this way C. by accident D. with pleasure 【解析】由when she cleaned her room after she lost them two weeks ago可知她是偶然地找到了她丟失的鑰匙，正確答案是C。b. 句式包：1. In England, tea didnt appear until around 1660.在英國，茶直到1660年才出現(xiàn)。此句是由until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。not. until 意為“只到才

25、”?！緜湔n例句】She didnt leave until I felt better.只到我感覺好點(diǎn)了，她才離開。21教育網(wǎng) 【橫向輻射】until的用法until常用作介詞或連詞，用來引導(dǎo)介詞短語或從句在句子中作時(shí)間狀語。1. 在肯定句中，until與延續(xù)性、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，表示“直到為止”。I worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的時(shí)候。2. 在否定句中，until常與瞬間動(dòng)詞、短暫性動(dòng)詞連用，表示“直到才”，“不到不”。The rain didnt stop until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。I wont l

26、eave until you promise to help me. 你不答應(yīng)幫助我，我不會(huì)離開?！菊n堂變式】How was your climbing Mount. Huang?I didnt believe I could do it _I got to the top.A. until B. while C. after D. and【解析】考查連詞用法。notuntil直到才。根據(jù)句意“直到我爬到山頂我才相信我能做到”可知選A。Section B（1a 1e）a. 詞匯包：by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地by mistake 是介詞短語，意為“錯(cuò)誤地；無意地；不小心地”，指由于錯(cuò)誤的判斷而

27、千百萬的失誤，常在句中作狀語?！緜湔n例句】I took your bag instead of mine by mistake. 我錯(cuò)拿了你的手提包，還以為是我的呢。Susan forgot her key and locked herself out by mistake. 蘇珊忘了帶鑰匙，誤把自己關(guān)在門外了。【橫向輻射】mistake.formistake.for把錯(cuò)認(rèn)為, 錯(cuò)把當(dāng)作She mistook him for the professor.她把他錯(cuò)當(dāng)作教授了。【課堂變式】Im sorry Ive taken your dictionary _ because

28、they have the same colour. It doesnt matter. A. at once B. by mistake C. in general D. as well 【解析】由because they have the same colour可知是錯(cuò)拿了詞典，正確答案是B。b. 句式包：1.George wanted to make the customer happy. 喬治想讓顧客開心。www-2-1-cnjy-com句中的make意為“使得”，happy是形容詞，作賓語you的補(bǔ)足語，對賓語起補(bǔ)充說明作用，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為“make名詞/代詞形容詞”。2-1-c-n-

29、j-y【備課例句】The bad news makes her sad. 那個(gè)壞消息使得她傷心不已。A boy broke the window. It made the headmaster angry. 21*cnjy*com一個(gè)孩子打碎了玻璃。這使得校長很生氣?！緶剀疤崾尽慨?dāng)賓語是不定式短語或從句時(shí)，多用it作形式賓語。I made it a condition that everybody must be on time. 我提出一個(gè)條件，人人都要準(zhǔn)時(shí)。The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我們無法出去。【橫向輻

30、射】make的其他相關(guān)句式1.“make賓語n”意為使/讓某人 / 某物(成為)”。【例句】We made him captain of our football team. 我們推選他作我們足球隊(duì)隊(duì)長。We made him our monitor. 我們選他當(dāng)班長。2.“make賓語do sth”意為“使某人做某事”。 在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，此類結(jié)構(gòu)中省略的動(dòng)詞不定式 to 要還原?！纠洹縊ur teacher makes us feel more confident. 老師使得我們感到更自信了。The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 這個(gè)男孩被

31、迫每天干十二個(gè)小時(shí)的活?！菊n堂變式】What do you think her ? A. make; sad B. makes; sadly C. made; sad D. made; sadly【解析】what 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三要稱單數(shù)形式，可排除A。再根據(jù)“make + sb. / sth. + adj.”確定選C。sadly是副詞形式。Section B（2a 2e）a.詞匯包1. 1.divide (v.) 分開；劃分divide into 意為“把劃分為” ，be divided into 意為“劃分為”。【備課例句】This class is too large; we

32、shall have to divide it for oral practice.www.21-cn-這個(gè)班級(jí)太大,我們必須把它分成小班作口語練習(xí)。This river divides at its mouth. 這條河在河口處分岔。His lecture divides into three parts.他的演講分三部分。Let's divide ourselves into several groups. 我們分成幾個(gè)小組吧。【來源：21cnj*y.co*m】【課堂變式】We have d_ ourselves into three groups since this term.

33、 【解析】自從本學(xué)期開始就已經(jīng)把我們自己分成了三個(gè)組。have在此是助動(dòng)詞，空格處要填過去分詞，再根據(jù)divide into確定填divided。b. 句式包：It is believed that the first basketball game in history was played on December 21st, 1891,. 人們認(rèn)為1891年12月21日是歷史上的第一次籃球比賽的日子?！景鏅?quán)所有：21教育】本句中的It is believed that. 相當(dāng)于people believe that.是“人們相信/認(rèn)為“的意思，that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句。It is beli

34、eved that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.(=People believe that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.)人們都認(rèn)為到2010年，世界人口將達(dá)到七十億?！緳M向輻射】類似的結(jié)構(gòu)：It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道It is supposed/thought that 人們認(rèn)為Its known that眾所周知【課堂變式】我不知道這所學(xué)校，但據(jù)說是非常好的

35、一所學(xué)校。I dont know the school, but _it is quite a good one. 【解析】it is said that【語法解析】主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)之間如何轉(zhuǎn)換 We visited that factory last summer 主動(dòng)語態(tài)主語 謂語 賓語 狀語That factory was visited by us last summer 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 主語 謂語 賓語 狀語 各種不同時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的對比時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am / is / are + P.P.（1）Do they speak French ?（2）They don

36、t use the room .Is French spoken by them ?The room isnt used by them .一般過去時(shí)was / were + p.p.（1）The man killed a tiger .（2）He wrote many stories last year .A tiger was killed by the man .Many stories were written by him last year .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am / is / are +being +p.p.（1）These workers are building a new bri

37、dge . （2）He is mending his car .A new bridge is being built by these workers . His car is being mended by him .過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was / were + being + p.p.（1）He was selling books .（2）They were discussing the plan at that time .Books were being sold by him . The plan was being discussed by them at that time .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

38、have / has + been + p. p.（1）She has learned many English words .（2）He has finished the work .Many English words have been learned by her . The work has been finished by him . 過去完成時(shí)had + been + p.p.（1）They had solved the problem .（2）We had told him the news by then . The problem had been solved by th

39、em . The news had been told to him by us .一般將來時(shí)will be + p.p.am/is/are going to be + p.p.（1）I will make a plan . （2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour .A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour . 過去將來時(shí)would be + p.p.was/ were going to be + p.p.（1）He told m

40、e they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week . He told me the room would be painted by them . A play was going to be put on by them the next week .情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can / may / must / should + be + p.p.（1）We should hand in our homework .（2）You must answer the question in English

41、 .Our homework should be handed in by us .The question must be answered in English by you .二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法1.什么情況下用被動(dòng)語態(tài)？（1）當(dāng)我們不知道或沒有必要說出動(dòng)作的發(fā)生者是誰時(shí)，通常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這種情況下，句子中不帶由by引起的短語。例如:21·cn·jy·comThe book is written for children. 這書是為孩子寫的。（2）當(dāng)動(dòng)作的承受者是談話的中心時(shí)通常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這時(shí)可以帶by短語。This pen was given to me

42、by Tom.這支筆是湯姆給我的。（3）無必要或不愿說出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。這種情況通常是出于禮貌方面的考慮。Smoking is not allowed here.這兒禁止吸煙。2.怎樣變主動(dòng)語態(tài)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，可分作三步進(jìn)行:第一步:找出主動(dòng)句的賓語，把它作為被動(dòng)句的主語。第二步:將謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)（助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞）。變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不要變化。2·1·c·n·j·y第三步:將原主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語（若是人稱代詞，須變?yōu)橘e格）放在介詞by后邊組成by短語，放到句子的后邊。如果我們沒有必要說出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者

43、，by短語則可以不要。例如:He often helps his brother. (主動(dòng)語態(tài))His brother is often helped by him.（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）【被動(dòng)語態(tài)中考真題大練兵】1. Would you please tell Miss Li that she as a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games?Of course. I will tell her tomorrow. A. choose B. chose C. has chosen D. is chosen2. We not to play computer games

44、. A. are told B. have told C. told D. tell 3. Could you tell me whom the radio by?Sorry. I have no idea. A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented4. -Your hometown has changed a lot.Yes. Take a look at these tall buildings. They last year. 【來源：21·世紀(jì)·教育·網(wǎng)】A. build B. built C. was built D. were built5. Did you go to Kang Kangs birthday?No, I . 21·世紀(jì)*教育網(wǎng) A. wasnt invited B. didnt invite C. am not invited【出處：21教育名師】6. An English speec