新世紀(jì)研究生英語公共英語教材B課后翻譯答案全

1、UNIT1To invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, provided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products

2、 to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns t

3、he brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more thantwice before they agree to appear on the commercial.邀請(qǐng)名人做廣告，只要商品確實(shí)是貨真價(jià)實(shí)，名人又愿意，這應(yīng)該是廣告技巧的上策，會(huì)產(chǎn)生很強(qiáng)的名人效應(yīng)。但是商品質(zhì)量差，廣告有言過其實(shí)，又請(qǐng)名人做廣告，

4、這種廣告一是也許會(huì)有一些好的影響，但最終是砸了自己的牌子，也坍了別人的臺(tái)，影響了名人的名譽(yù)。因此，名人在接受廣告的時(shí)候要慎之又慎。UNIT2Nowadays in the citys tonier residential districts there are people named as singles, who are usually young, rich and tech-savvy professionals and choose independently their own lifestyles. The number of singles has increased dram

5、atically over the recent years. The reasons of remaining single are various: some may be busy exploring careers without putting their marriage into the agenda, some may indulge in their jobs, travel, entertainment, physical fitness or friendship, More than 80% of them have not abandoned the value of

6、 marriage, and they say they aspire to marry or they want to be married someday, but they are patient and feel content being single until they meet the right person.當(dāng)今都市較高貴的居住區(qū)中有群被人們稱作單身族的人，他們通常是些有技術(shù)的專業(yè)人員，既年輕、富有，又獨(dú)立選擇自己的生活方式。近年來這類單身族的人數(shù)增長(zhǎng)惹人注目。他們中有些人或許是為了追求事業(yè)而未把婚姻列入自己的議事日程中，有些人或許是沉溺在工作、旅游、娛樂、健身或交友等活動(dòng)

7、中，總之他們保持單身的原因不盡相同。他們中80%以上的人并沒有擯棄傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)婚價(jià)值觀，并表示希望結(jié)婚或?qū)硪Y(jié)婚。但在找到合適的人之前，他們有耐心等待，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在的單身生活滿意。UNIT3People who are energetic, happy, and relaxed are less likely to catch a cold than those who are depressed, nervous, or angry. When the brain is “happy”, it sends messages to our organs that help keep the body

8、 healthy and sound. Your chance of developing the common cold, pneumonia, or even cancer may very well be decreased by keeping your brain in a healthy state. In addition, happy and relaxed people are prone to better health practices than their negative and stressed counterparts. They are more likely

9、 to get plenty of sleep and to engaged in regular exercise, and have been shown to have lower levels of certain stress hormones.精力充沛、快樂輕松的人和沮喪、緊張、易怒的人相比不容易患感冒。當(dāng)大腦“輕松愉快”的時(shí)候，它會(huì)向各個(gè)器官發(fā)出有助于保持身體健康的信號(hào)。保持健康的情緒可以有效的降低感冒、肺炎甚至癌癥發(fā)生的可能性。另外，心情輕松愉快的人往往比消極緊張的人有更好保健習(xí)慣。他們更容易有充足的睡眠，進(jìn)行有規(guī)律的身體鍛煉，而且他們體內(nèi)某重緊張激素的含量較低。UNIT4As

10、 one travels broad and examines the ways in which space is handled, startling variations are discovered; differences which we react to vigorously. Since none of us is taught to look at space as isolated from other associations, feelings cued by the handling of space are often attributed to something

11、 else. In growing up people learn literarily thousands of spatial cues, all of which have their own meanings in their own contexts.當(dāng)人們到海外旅游時(shí)，如果留心觀察外國(guó)人如何處理空間關(guān)系，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)許多令人驚訝的不同之處；而這些不同之處總讓我們反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈。因?yàn)閺膩頉]有人教我們要把空間與其它聯(lián)想?yún)^(qū)別開來，所以我們常認(rèn)為空間處理引發(fā)的感覺是出于其它的原因。從小到大。人們要學(xué)會(huì)幾千種空間暗示，所有這些暗示在不同的情境中都有不同的含義。UNIT5Wealth exposed A

12、merican manners to continuing international scrutiny because it underwrote an expansion of tourism. In the late nineteenth century the American abroad symbolized for some the dangers of sudden wealth and became an instrument to expose comparative social codes and standards of morality. Boasting, vul

13、garity, obsessive acquisitiveness, and insensitivity were soon associated with this early version of the Ugly American. Representing a small portion of the population, the international travelers seemed to stand for the whole country in the eyes of many foreigners, and it was the prodigality of thei

14、r wealth, the apparently limitless wallets and purses, that seemed most dangerous. American money threatened to loot the Old World of its historic treasures, and aggressive celebrity hunters and relic gatherers to invade European privacy as well.財(cái)富使美國(guó)人的行為一直受到國(guó)際上的關(guān)注，因?yàn)樗锹糜螛I(yè)的基礎(chǔ)。19 世紀(jì)末，有人認(rèn)為，在海外的美國(guó)人是那些驟

15、增財(cái)富的內(nèi)在危險(xiǎn)的象征，并使他們那并非完美無缺的社會(huì)準(zhǔn)則和道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)面臨腐蝕的危險(xiǎn)。自吹自擂、粗俗魯莽、貪得無厭、麻木不仁很快成了早期的丑陋美國(guó)人的象征。周游列國(guó)的旅行者在全國(guó)人口中雖然只是一小部分，但在許多外國(guó)人眼里，他們好像代表了這個(gè)國(guó)家的所有人。他們揮霍無度，看起來有用之不盡的資產(chǎn)，這是最大的危險(xiǎn)。美鈔大有把舊世界歷史上的奇珍異寶掠之一空之勢(shì)。一群追逐名利和涉獵文物古玩的人無孔不入，極大地?cái)_亂了歐洲人的私生活。UNIT6I agree to this ideal: people should be good in all aspects, It is necessary to have n

16、ot only the mind, but also magnificent physique. I hope to get some kind of happiness and joy. The United States is the best place to get these things, because the people here and their ideas come from all over the world. So far , here are still many people to seek a dream. Now I know, It is not edu

17、cation, not opportunities, and not hard work, but power and fear that decide whether the American dream can come to be or not. The higher your position is in enterprise, the more you lose something. The American dream is not the end. The idea is very popular in the United States today: never lose on

18、es dream.我贊成這樣的理想：人應(yīng)該各方面都很出色，既要有頭腦，也要有健美的體格。我希望能得到某種幸福和快樂。美國(guó)是能得到這些東西的最好的地方，因?yàn)檫@里的人和我們的思想來自世界各地。至今到美國(guó)來尋夢(mèng)的仍然大有人在?，F(xiàn)在我明白了，決定美國(guó)夢(mèng)能否實(shí)現(xiàn)的不是教育、不是機(jī)會(huì)、也不是艱苦的工作而是權(quán)勢(shì)和恐懼感。你在企業(yè)里爬到的地位越高，你失去的東西就越多。美國(guó)夢(mèng)并沒有滅。今天在美國(guó)十分流行的想法是：千萬不能失去夢(mèng)想。UNIT7Clinton and Bush are different greatly from each other. Clinton attends in person to ev

19、erything, trivial of critical; He can memorize data well just like a computer; He and his advisors never fail to take part in the interminable meeting of politics or economy. On the contrary, Bush dislike a meeting that lasts over 15 minutes, and even loathes being bothered by confusing figures. Cli

20、nton has cared very much about public approval presented by polls since his early presidency, where Bush, in a sharp contrast, proclaimed at the outset of his election that he would make all decisions on his own. Clinton is an avid reader, but his successor is not. Joyful, casual and elegant, the ex

21、-president time and again drinks a little, but the new president has been a teetotal since he abstained from it 14 years ago. Bush Jr. was born of a privileged WASP family in Texas, while the former, from an ordinary family, has tempered himself and developed his talents in hardships. He works with

22、his wisdom and eloquence, which his successor is short of. 克林頓和小布什根本就是兩種不同的人。克林頓是一應(yīng)事務(wù)巨細(xì)畢究的人。在記憶資料時(shí)，他是一部機(jī)器；那些無休止的政治或經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的會(huì)議，他與顧問們必定參加。相反，小布什痛恨那些超過15分鐘的會(huì)議，更不喜歡人們用亂七八糟的數(shù)字去煩他?？肆诸D從一開始出任總統(tǒng)就十分關(guān)注民意測(cè)驗(yàn)對(duì)他行為的認(rèn)可程度。但是小布什大不一樣。他競(jìng)選時(shí)就說，他將以自己的準(zhǔn)則做出各種決定?？肆诸D酷愛讀書，而其繼任者卻非如此。前總統(tǒng)生活快樂，風(fēng)流倜儻，還經(jīng)常喝上幾口。但新總統(tǒng)自14年前戒杯之后，已滴酒不沾。小布什出生于德克

23、薩斯州新英格蘭貴族家庭；前任總統(tǒng)是來自于普通家庭，經(jīng)歷艱辛，錘煉了自己的才能。他用自己的個(gè)人智慧和口才做事，而這正是繼任者所缺乏的。UNIT8Uncomfortably，Women's liberation seems to be a more work "rights"。Is a liberatedprofessional woman happier than a very contented mother? If men like to work, and women are willing to help them share the pressure at

24、home，is there anything to be blamed? I don't think that "equality" is threatened, its only the rational division of labor. I believe that it is womens responsibility to create a harmonious family, and does not all depend on women whether success or not, but they play a far greater role

25、 than men. It is not the real problem whether men and women are equal, but is what create a happy life. By what standard, can we determine that life is rich and desirable? I often ask, why the success of career is always regarded as the same in life? As a woman, if I am a successful wife and a succe

26、ssful mother, and very satisfied with my work, I will think that my existence is not bad, and will feel contented with it. Perhaps, we should give attention from women to men, men will be very sad if they can't see their children grow up. I dare say, many husbands will be more pleased, if they h

27、ave less time-consuming work and can go home to play with their children.令人不安的是，婦女解放似乎是一種讓婦女多干活的“權(quán)利”。一個(gè)獲得解放的職業(yè)婦女比一個(gè)很滿足的媽媽更快樂嗎？如果男人喜歡工作，而女人樂于在家?guī)椭麄兎謸?dān)壓力，這有什么可指責(zé)的呢？我不覺得“平等”受到威脅，這只是理性的勞動(dòng)分工。我相信創(chuàng)造和諧的家庭是婦女的責(zé)任，而成功與否并不全部取決于女性，但她們所起的作用要遠(yuǎn)大于男性。真正的問題不在于男人與女人是不是平等，而在于是什么創(chuàng)造了幸福生活。我們是以什么為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定生活是富足的、令人向往的呢？我常常問，為什么事業(yè)

28、上的成功也常常被人們看成生活上同樣是成功的呢?作為一個(gè)女人，如果我在為人妻為人母方面做的很成功，而且對(duì)自己的工作也很滿意，那么我認(rèn)為我的存在就挺不錯(cuò)，并由此而感到知足?；蛟S我們?cè)摪炎⒁饬膵D女身上移開，而去關(guān)注一下男人，男人們不能看著自己的孩子成長(zhǎng)是很難過的。我敢說，很多丈夫若是有不太耗時(shí)的工作而能回家與孩子們玩耍，他們會(huì)更高興。 UNIT9Mounting evidence shows that animals also have emotions. Because feelings are intangible and tough to study scientifically, it i

29、s hard for scientists to bear out the possibility of complex animal feelings that entail mental processing. But some scientists believe there are similarities in the brain anatomy and chemistry of humans and animals. For example, scientists studying the biology of emotions have found that emotions s

30、eem to arise from parts of the brain located below the cortex, the regions that have been conserved across many species throughout evolution; behavioral neuroscientists have found in the experiments that rats brains release copious amounts of dopamine associated with pleasure and excitement. All the

31、se show that some creatures have true feelings at least.有越來越多的證據(jù)顯示動(dòng)物也有感情。由于感情是一種無形的東西，很難用科學(xué)手段進(jìn)行研究，所以科學(xué)家很難證明動(dòng)物可能擁有那些必須有心理活動(dòng)過程的情感。但有些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人腦與其他動(dòng)物的大腦在解剖結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)構(gòu)成方面都存在相似之處。如致力于情感生物學(xué)研究的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)情感似乎產(chǎn)生于大腦皮層之下的區(qū)域，這些區(qū)域在許多物種的進(jìn)化過程中得以保存下來;行為神經(jīng)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)中老鼠的大腦會(huì)釋放出大量與快樂和興奮等情感有關(guān)的多巴胺等物質(zhì)，這表明至少某些動(dòng)物擁有真正的感情。UNIT10“OOOF!” Usin

32、g your mouse, your heave a data file across the screen- a coupleof gigabytes of data weighs a lot. Its rough surface tells you that it is a graphics file. Having tipped this huge pile of data into a hopper that sends it to the right program, you examine a screen image of the forest trail youll be hi

33、king on during your vacation. Then, using a gloved hand, you master its details by running your fingers over its forks and bends, its sharp rises and falls. Later you send an e-mail to your beloved, bending to the desk pad to attach a kiss.“哇！”你可以用鼠標(biāo)在電腦屏幕上拖出一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)文件兩三千兆的數(shù)據(jù)分量可不輕。其粗糙的表面顯示，這是一個(gè)圖像文件。把這一大堆

34、數(shù)據(jù)送入一個(gè)存儲(chǔ)器，并由該存儲(chǔ)器將其輸?shù)竭m當(dāng)?shù)某绦蛑?，那么你就可以在屏幕上仔?xì)觀察到自己將在假日徒步沿走的叢林小路的電腦圖像了。接著，你可以用戴著手套的那只手來掌握沿途細(xì)節(jié)，手指掠過小路上的岔道和轉(zhuǎn)彎路，掠過陡峭的上坡和下坡。稍后，你可以發(fā)一封郵件給你的所愛，并彎下身去，在鼠標(biāo)墊上附上一個(gè)吻UNIT11One of America's most cherished values is to give its people the ability to move upwards over their lifetime. But nowadays the chances for upwar

35、d mobility are getting fewer. It is determined increasingly by a college degree and it's attainable mostly to those whose parents already have money or higher education while a college degree is out of reach for most students from low-income families. Although college enrollment has soared for h

36、igher-income students, more children from poor families can only afford to go to community colleges, which generally don't offer bachelor's degrees. The number of poor students who get a degree - fewer than 5% in 2001 - has barely budged in 30 years. Many scholars worry that it will lead to

37、a greater stratification along class lines.美國(guó)社會(huì)最受最視的價(jià)值觀之一就是使國(guó)民有能力在有生之年不斷“向上升遷”，但是現(xiàn)在這種升遷的機(jī)遇比過去少了。如今能否升遷越來越取決于大學(xué)學(xué)歷。大多數(shù)受過高等教育和有錢人的絕大多數(shù)子女都有有可能獲得大學(xué)學(xué)歷，而大學(xué)學(xué)歷文憑對(duì)于大數(shù)低收入家庭的學(xué)生只能是可望不可及。雖然高收入家庭的子女進(jìn)入大學(xué)的人數(shù)劇增，但是越來越多的貧困家庭的子女只上得起社區(qū)大學(xué)，而這類大學(xué)通常不授予學(xué)士學(xué)位。2011年拿到學(xué)位的貧困學(xué)生的比率不足5%，30年來這比率幾乎是紋絲不動(dòng)。許多學(xué)者擔(dān)心這將導(dǎo)致更大社會(huì)階層的分化。UNIT12The wo

38、rld is marching towards a new erathe era of the knowledge economy. The development of advanced technology and rapid industrialization will be key factors in determining a countrys future success. Chinese media often focus on the nations level of technological advancement, thus arousing unusually wid

39、espread interest among the Chinese. But there is a gap between the medias ideological emphasis and reality. The transition from an industrial and manufacturing economy to advanced technology economy or knowledge economy, poses many difficulties.世界正邁向一個(gè)新的時(shí)代知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代。高新科技的研究開發(fā)及其快速產(chǎn)業(yè)化，將是每一個(gè)國(guó)家決勝未來的關(guān)鍵因素。中國(guó)媒

40、體經(jīng)常關(guān)注國(guó)內(nèi)科技發(fā)展的水平，高科技這一主題已引起了中國(guó)人的極大興趣，但思想上的重視到實(shí)際行動(dòng)之間還有一些距離。怎樣實(shí)現(xiàn)從商業(yè)、制造業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)向高科技經(jīng)濟(jì)或知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型，在具體操作上還存在一些困難。UNIT13Although privacy seems to be desired by most citizens, the definition of what privacy is, and how it should be defended are under constant dispute. Philosophical and political discussions on privac

41、y can be categorized into two major discourses on privacy: privacy as the right to restrict access to ones self and privacy as the right to make certain life decisions about ones life. These two approaches to the concept of privacy, hereafter called “access-based privacy” and “ autonomy-based privac

42、y,” are distinctly different in their expectations of the social function of privacy, the object affected by privacy and the justification for privacy. The function of access-based privacy is to restrict the degree of access to physical persons or information about them for the purpose of encouragin

43、g social consequences consistent with the ideals of the American system. The function of control-based privacy is to increase control of a persons actions or decisions because to do so respects his or her person. 盡管從政治角度看，保護(hù)隱私似乎是廣大百姓所期盼的；但是人們對(duì)于隱私的確切含義以及如何保護(hù)隱私卻一直爭(zhēng)論不休。有關(guān)隱私在哲學(xué)與政治領(lǐng)域的討論可以在總體上分為兩個(gè)范疇：作為限定接

44、近到某人權(quán)利的隱私和有權(quán)做出決定某人人生決定的隱私。有關(guān)隱私概念的這兩個(gè)范疇，簡(jiǎn)稱為“接近權(quán)隱私”和“自治權(quán)隱私”，無論在隱私的社會(huì)功能上、隱私所涉及的主體上以及在正當(dāng)隱私的解釋方面都有明顯的差異。接近權(quán)隱私的作用是限定所能接近到個(gè)人信息的程度，其目的是為強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)的意義與理想中的美國(guó)體系保持一致。而自治權(quán)隱私的功能則是對(duì)個(gè)人的行為或決定加強(qiáng)控制，其目的是凸顯對(duì)個(gè)人的尊重。UNIT14There were various signs indicating that more and more parents and teachers were concerned about the standardized tests in high schools in every state. Some people thought the tests